Silica gel with covalently attached bambusuril macrocycle for dicyanoaurate sorption from water

• Michaela Šusterová and
• Vladimír Šindelář

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 2604–2611, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.201

• toluene, ethanol and acetone to remove unreacted APTES and dried in vacuo (50 °C) overnight in order to get a-SG [15][16]. Further, to prepare covalent SG-NHCO-BU1, a-SG (0.9 g) was suspended in DMF (15 mL) and shaken at ambient temperature for 30 min. BU1 (0.1 g, 1 equiv) was dissolved in a minimum

Assembly strategy for thieno[3,2-b]thiophenes via a disulfide intermediate derived from 3-nitrothiophene-2,5-dicarboxylate

• Roman A. Irgashev

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 2489–2497, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.191

• the nucleophilic substitution of the nitro group in 2-nitrobenzonitriles using Na2S in a DMF/water medium, followed by alkylation of the resulting 2-cyanophenylthiolates and subsequent cyclization [31]. However, in our case, the reaction of ester 1 with Na2S in either acetone or a DMF/water mixture

• to be an unsuitable route for nucleophilic substitution of its nitro group. Next, we explored an alternative route using potassium thioacetate (KSAc) as a softer nucleophile. Unexpectedly, the reaction of ester 1 with KSAc in acetone gave a mixture of products other than the desired 3-AcS-substituted

Insoluble methylene-bridged glycoluril dimers as sequestrants for dyes

• Suvenika Perera,
• Peter Y. Zavalij and
• Lyle Isaacs

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 2302–2314, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.176

• insoluble in water as required for their use as solid state sequestrants. Unlike most acyclic CB[n]-type receptors, G2W1–G2W4 are soluble in organic solvents (G2W1 and G2W2: soluble in CHCl3, CH2Cl2, DMSO, and TFA but insoluble in methanol, acetone, acetonitrile, and hexane; G2W3: soluble in DMSO and TFA

• but insoluble in CHCl3, CH2Cl2, methanol, acetone, acetonitrile, and hexane; G2W4: soluble in CHCl3, CH2Cl2, acetonitrile, DMSO, and TFA but insoluble in methanol, acetone, and hexane). The new hosts G2W1–G2W4 were fully characterized spectroscopically (1H and 13C NMR, IR, MS) and the data is in

Electrochemical cyclization of alkynes to construct five-membered nitrogen-heterocyclic rings

• Lifen Peng,
• Ting Wang,
• Zhiwen Yuan,
• Bin Li,
• Zilong Tang,
• Xirong Liu,
• Hui Li,
• Guofang Jiang,
• Chunling Zeng,
• Henry N. C. Wong and
• Xiao-Shui Peng

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 2173–2201, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.166

• to excellent yields. When KI was used instead of NH4X, naphtho[1′,2′:4,5]furo[3,2-b]indoles 8 were generated in 43–72% yields. Performing the electrochemical bicyclization of 6' with NH4I in acetone yielded naphtho[1′,2′:5,6][1,3]oxazino[3,4-a]indoles 9 in moderate yields. It was worth mentioning

C2 to C6 biobased carbonyl platforms for fine chemistry

• Jingjing Jiang,
• Muhammad Noman Haider Tariq,
• Florence Popowycz,
• Yanlong Gu and
• Yves Queneau

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 2103–2172, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.165

• acid (ALA), and benzylic acid (BA). These acids were oxidized and gave formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, acetone, benzaldehyde, acetophenone, and benzophenone, respectively. By increasing pH and concentration, the rate of the reactions increased, but decreased upon increasing the amount of Cl− ions (Scheme

Further elaboration of the stereodivergent approach to chaetominine-type alkaloids: synthesis of the reported structures of aspera chaetominines A and B and revised structure of aspera chaetominine B

• Jin-Fang Lü,
• Jiang-Feng Wu,
• Jian-Liang Ye and
• Pei-Qiang Huang

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 2072–2081, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.162

• our third-generation strategy featuring the employment of benzyl ʟ-valinate as the coupling component [63], tripeptide derivative 28 was synthesized in three steps. Exposure of 28 to DMDO in acetone followed by treating the resulting intermediates with Na2SO3 produced the proposed structure of aspera

Switchable pathways of multicomponent heterocyclizations of 5-amino-1,2,4-triazoles with salicylaldehydes and pyruvic acid

• Yana I. Sakhno,
• Oleksander V. Buravov,
• Kostyantyn Yu. Yurkov,
• Anastasia Yu. Andryushchenko,
• Svitlana V. Shishkina and
• Valentyn A. Chebanov

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 2030–2035, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.158

• substituted salicylaldehydes are particularly interesting because of the possibility of additional reactions and post-cyclizations involving the o-hydroxy group. It was demonstrated [10][11][12] that the multicomponent reaction of substituted 3-amino-1,2,4-triazoles, various salicylaldehydes, and acetone

Photochemical reduction of acylimidazolium salts

• Michael Jakob,
• Nick Bechler,
• Hassan Abdelwahab,
• Fabian Weber,
• Janos Wasternack,
• Leonardo Kleebauer,
• Jan P. Götze and
• Matthew N. Hopkinson

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 1973–1983, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.153

• was also observed in PhCF3 (11% of 2, 24% of 3, Table 1, entry 13) and acetone (14% of 2, 24% of 3, Table 1, entry 14), however, relatively complex reaction mixtures were obtained in either THF (4% of 2, 7% of 3, Table 1, entry 15) or DMF (Table 1, entry 16). At this stage, we returned our attention

Photoswitches beyond azobenzene: a beginner’s guide

• Michela Marcon,
• Christoph Haag and
• Burkhard König

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 1808–1853, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.143

• -position give hypsochromic shifts and shorten the thermal half-life by stabilising the transition state 73’ (Scheme 23, bottom) [63]. Synthesis The classic synthesis of indigo is achieved via Baeyer–Drewsen synthesis reacting 2-nitrobenzaldehyde (74) and acetone in basic medium (Scheme 24, top) [91]. Since

Synthesis of an aza[5]helicene-incorporated macrocyclic heteroarene via oxidation of an o-phenylene-pyrrole-thiophene icosamer

• Yusuke Matsuo,
• Aoi Nakagawa,
• Shu Seki and
• Takayuki Tanaka

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 1561–1567, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.119

• , along with decamer 3 (30%). High-resolution atmospheric-pressure-chemical-ionization time-of-flight mass-spectrometry (HR-APCI-TOF-MS) showed a molecular ion peak for 4 at m/z = 1479.4320 (calcd for C100H66N6S4, m/z = 1479.4305). The 1H NMR spectrum of 4 in acetone-d6 exhibited two NH signals at 9.07

• and 8.98 ppm and five doublet signals due to the heterole β-protons in the range of 6.7–5.8 ppm, along with o-phenylene protons around 7 ppm. Single crystals suitable for X-ray diffraction analysis were obtained from a mixture of acetone/n-hexane and the solid-state structure was successfully

General method for the synthesis of enaminones via photocatalysis

• Paula Pérez-Ramos,
• Raquel G. Soengas and
• Humberto Rodríguez-Solla

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 1535–1543, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.116

• by DME, DMSO or acetone diminished the product yields (Table 1, entries 7–9). The reactivity of acridinium PC1 was superior to that of other photocatalysts, including 4-CzlPN (PC2) and [Ir(dF(CF3)ppy)2(dtbbpy)]PF6 (PC3) (Table 1, entries 10 and 11). Attempts to increase the temperature of the process

Tautomerism and switching in 7-hydroxy-8-(azophenyl)quinoline and similar compounds

• Lidia Zaharieva,
• Vera Deneva,
• Fadhil S. Kamounah,
• Nikolay Vassilev,
• Ivan Angelov,
• Michael Pittelkow and
• Liudmil Antonov

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 1404–1421, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.105

• =O group of the keto tautomers [51][56]). The effects of acetone, methanol and DMSO, as seen, are based only on the increased (comparing to toluene) dielectric constant of the solvent, stabilizing in different extent the more polar KE and KK. The further increase of the polarity of the environment by

High-pressure activation for the solvent- and catalyst-free syntheses of heterocycles, pharmaceuticals and esters

• Kelsey Plasse,
• Valerie Wright,
• Guoshu Xie,
• R. Bernadett Vlocskó,
• Alexander Lazarev and
• Béla Török

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 1374–1387, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.102

• -phenylenediamine and acetone was selected as a model reaction. The optimization of the reaction conditions is summarized in Table 1. All reactions were carried out at room temperature without involving any catalyst or additional solvent. While o-phenylenediamine is solid, it dissolves well in the reactant acetone

Optimized synthesis of aroyl-S,N-ketene acetals by omission of solubilizing alcohol cosolvents

• Julius Krenzer and
• Thomas J. J. Müller

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 1201–1206, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.97

• ® and purified by flash chromatography on silica gel (n-hexane/acetone 3:1). Then, the crude product was suspended in n-hexane, the supernatant separated by filtration and the precipitate was dried under vacuum to afford aroyl-S,N-ketene acetal 1i (1.78 g, 4.93 mmol, 99%) as a yellow solid. Mp 159 °C

Selective monoformylation of naphthalene-fused propellanes for methylene-alternating copolymers

• Kenichi Kato,
• Tatsuki Hiroi,
• Seina Okada,
• Shunsuke Ohtani and
• Tomoki Ogoshi

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 1183–1191, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.95

• conditions (Figure 2a). Insoluble solids, [3.3.3]_branch and [4.3.3]_branch, were obtained due to formation of bonding networks and washed repeatedly with CH2Cl2, H2O, and acetone. Characterization of methylene-alternating copolymers The thermal stability of the oligomers and polymers were evaluated with

Gold extraction at the molecular level using α- and β-cyclodextrins

• Susana Santos Braga

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 1116–1125, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.89

• used to wash the gold precipitate by using the anti-solvent acetone. Thiolated β-CD derivative for selective gold precipitation Fang et al. reported the synthesis and application of a 6-thiolated β-CD derivative (with unspecified degree of substitution) to precipitate metallic gold from strongly acidic

Supramolecular assembly of hypervalent iodine macrocycles and alkali metals

• Krishna Pandey,
• Lucas X. Orton,
• Grayson Venus,
• Waseem A. Hussain,
• Toby Woods,
• Lichang Wang and
• Kyle N. Plunkett

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 1095–1103, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.87

• further understand the complexation with metal cations, separate co-crystals of HIM 1 with LiBArF20 and NaBArF24 were obtained by vapor diffusion of diethyl ether into acetone. The details of the co-crystallization experiment are provided in the crystallographic information section of Supporting

• in this HIM system, the 1H NMR titration data was used to determine the association constants for metal coordination. Two stock solutions were prepared with one containing a concentration of 2.83 mM of the macrocycle (HIM) in a mixture of deuterated chloroform and acetone 1:2. The second stock

Recent advances in synthetic approaches for bioactive cinnamic acid derivatives

• Betty A. Kustiana,
• Galuh Widiyarti and
• Teni Ernawati

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 1031–1086, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.85

• Meldrum’s acid (361), aldehyde 360, and an amine to prepare the corresponding cinnamamides 362–364, natural products of the piperamide family. The multicomponent reaction involves consecutive acetone and CO2 release via 365 and 366 (Scheme 80A) [135]. A multigram scale operation has been achieved smoothly

Unraveling cooperative interactions between complexed ions in dual-host strategy for cesium salt separation

• Zhihua Liu,
• Ya-Zhi Chen,
• Ji Wang,
• Qingling Nie,
• Wei Zhao and
• Biao Wu

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 845–853, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.68

• , DMF, or acetone molecules), respectively. For the type-(II) Cs+ cation, direct ion-pairing interaction with complexed phosphate anion is clearly illustrated, where average P···O distance is 3.3 ± 0.2 Å. These cooperative interactions were further analyzed and visualized by independent gradient model

• . Three types of Cs+ complexations are observed. All Cs+ are seen to be complexed with 18-crown-6 and further stabilized by (I) ion-dipole interactions with DMF and carbonyl (O=C) group, (II) ion-pairing with receptor-complexed phosphate anion, and (III) ion-dipole interactions with acetone and carbonyl

Regioselective formal hydrocyanation of allenes: synthesis of β,γ-unsaturated nitriles with α-all-carbon quaternary centers

• Seeun Lim,
• Teresa Kim and
• Yunmi Lee

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 800–806, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.63

• to four possible regioisomeric products. Recent research has addressed some of these challenges. Arai [25][26], Fang [27] and Breit [28] investigated the nickel-catalyzed regio- and enantioselective hydrocyanation of 1,1-disubstituted allenes using acetone cyanohydrin or TMSCN/MeOH as the precursor

Recent advances in the electrochemical synthesis of organophosphorus compounds

• Babak Kaboudin,
• Milad Behroozi,
• Sepideh Sadighi and
• Fatemeh Asgharzadeh

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 770–797, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.61

• or ketones. They used nickel foam as both anode and cathode electrodes in an undivided cell under air at room temperature. The reaction was carried out in the presence of KI as an electrolyte, a key additive, and acetone as a solvent. HI increases the reaction yield due to the activation of the

Copper-catalyzed domino cyclization of anilines and cyclobutanone oxime: a scalable and versatile route to spirotetrahydroquinoline derivatives

• Qingqing Jiang,
• Xinyi Lei,
• Pan Gao and
• Yu Yuan

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 749–754, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.58

• ) trifluoroacetate (Cu(TFA)2) as the catalyst (20 mol %) under ambient air at 80 °C for 12 hours; the product 3aa was isolated by chromatographic purification (Table 1, entry 1). The use of other solvents, including acetonitrile (MeCN), tetrahydrofuran (THF), toluene, acetone and methanol (MeOH), resulted in

Acyclic cucurbit[n]uril bearing alkyl sulfate ionic groups

• Christian Akakpo,
• Peter Y. Zavalij and
• Lyle Isaacs

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 717–726, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.55

• (d, J = 8.9 Hz, 2H), 5.41 (d, J = 16.3 Hz, 4H), 4.45–4.40 (m, 4H), 4.35–4.30 (m, 4H), 4.27 (d, J = 15.8 Hz, 2 × 4H), 4.25–4.18 (m, 4H), 4.18–4.13 (m, 4H), 4.12 (d, J = 15.4 Hz, 2H), 1.78 (s, 6H), 1.75 (s, 6H); 13C NMR (100 MHz, D2O/acetone-d6 6:1 (v:v)) 156.7, 155.9, 150.5, 129.3, 116.1, 78.6, 77.4

Photochemically assisted synthesis of phenacenes fluorinated at the terminal benzene rings and their electronic spectra

• Yuuki Ishii,
• Minoru Yamaji,
• Fumito Tani,
• Kenta Goto,
• Yoshihiro Kubozono and
• Hideki Okamoto

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 670–679, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.53

• catalytic amount of I2 under an aerated condition. After the photolysis, the acetal moiety was partly cleaved to produce a mixture of acetal 9 and aldehyde 10. The obtained reaction mixture was treated with TsOH in acetone to afford desired fluorinated phenanthrenecarbaldehyde 10 in moderate yield (46% from

• , toluene, reflux; e) tert-BuLi, DMF, THF, −78 °C; f) KOH, 18-crown-6, CH2Cl2, reflux (rt for 8); g) hν, I2, cyclohexane (toluene/THF mixture for 11); h) p-TsOH, acetone, reflux. Synthesis of F8PIC, F8FUL, and F87PHEN. Reagents and conditions: a) KOH, 18-crown-6, CH2Cl2, reflux; b) hν, I2, toluene, rt

Asymmetric synthesis of fluorinated derivatives of aromatic and γ-branched amino acids via a chiral Ni(II) complex

• Maurizio Iannuzzi,
• Thomas Hohmann,
• Michael Dyrks,
• Kilian Haoues,
• Katarzyna Salamon-Krokosz and
• Beate Koksch

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 659–669, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.52

• chromatography (chloroform/acetone, 3:1) to yield to 11a (2S,4R) (1.18 g, 1.7 mmol, 39%) and 11b (2S,4S) (0.87 g, 1.22 mmol, 29%) as red solids. 11a: 1H NMR (600 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.86 (s, 1H), 8.00 (d, J = 9.2 Hz, 1H), 7.75 (d, J = 8.2 Hz, 1H), 7.62–7.46 (m, 3H), 7.35 (d, J = 8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.30 (d, J = 7.4 Hz, 1H

• ) was dissolved in acetone (37.0 mL) and added dropwise to the reaction mixture. After 17 h of stirring at room temperature, MeCN and acetone were removed under reduced pressure, H2O (40 mL) was added, and the mixture was treated with aq HCl (6 M) to pH 2. The resulting solution was extracted with EtOAc

• treated with aq NaOH (18 M) to pH 7 and Na2CO3 (2.71 g, 25.6 mmol, 2.0 equiv) was added. FmocOSu (4.32 g, 12.8 mmol, 1.0 equiv) was dissolved in acetone (51.2 mL) and added dropwise to the reaction mixture. After 17 h of stirring at room temperature, MeCN and acetone were removed under reduced pressure