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Search for "microreactor" in Full Text gives 75 result(s) in Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry.

Rapid gas–liquid reaction in flow. Continuous synthesis and production of cyclohexene oxide

  • Kyoko Mandai,
  • Tetsuya Yamamoto,
  • Hiroki Mandai and
  • Aiichiro Nagaki

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2022, 18, 660–668, doi:10.3762/bjoc.18.67

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  • 1,2-dichloroethane and air could react efficiently inside a pressurized microfluidic channel at high temperature in the flow microreactor. It is important to be noted that precise control of reaction temperature and residence time in our flow system are keys to inhibit overreactions in cyclohexene
  • with air in the flow microreactor A flow microreactor system consisting of a T-shaped micromixer, and one microtube reactor was used for epoxidation of cyclohexene with air. A solution of cyclohexene (0.065 M), isobutyraldehyde (0.195 M), and tridecane as an internal standard in 1,2-dichloroethane
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Published 13 Jun 2022

Synthesis of piperidine and pyrrolidine derivatives by electroreductive cyclization of imine with terminal dihaloalkanes in a flow microreactor

  • Yuki Naito,
  • Naoki Shida and
  • Mahito Atobe

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2022, 18, 350–359, doi:10.3762/bjoc.18.39

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  • available imine and terminal dihaloalkanes in a flow microreactor. Reduction of the substrate imine on the cathode proceeded efficiently due to the large specific surface area of the microreactor. This method provided target compounds in good yields compared to a conventional batch-type reaction
  • . Furthermore, piperidine and pyrrolidine derivatives could be obtained on preparative scale by continuous electrolysis for approximately 1 hour. Keywords: electrochemical synthesis; electrocyclization; flow microreactor; heterocyclic amines; imine; Introduction Heterocycles are a very important class of
  • microreactor has recently attracted attention as an excellent alternative tool to conventional batch-type electrochemical reactors [28][29][30][31][32]. The potential advantages of electrochemical flow microreactors over conventional batch-type reactors are a large surface-to-volume ratio, precise residence
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Published 29 Mar 2022

Electrocatalytic C(sp3)–H/C(sp)–H cross-coupling in continuous flow through TEMPO/copper relay catalysis

  • Bin Guo and
  • Hai-Chao Xu

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 2650–2656, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.178

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  • terminal alkynes has been achieved in a continuous-flow microreactor through 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine 1-oxyl (TEMPO)/copper relay catalysis. The reaction is easily scalable and requires low concentration of supporting electrolyte and no external chemical oxidants or ligands, providing straightforward
  • electrosynthesis was conducted in a microreactor equipped with two Pt electrodes as the anode and cathode and operated with a constant current (Table 1). Under the optimized conditions, a solution of tetrahydroisoquinoline 1a (1 equiv), alkyne 2 (1.5 equiv), Cu(OTf)2 (10 mol %), TEMPO (20 mol %), n-Bu4NPF6 (0.2
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Published 28 Oct 2021

A comprehensive review of flow chemistry techniques tailored to the flavours and fragrances industries

  • Guido Gambacorta,
  • James S. Sharley and
  • Ian R. Baxendale

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 1181–1312, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.90

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  • was evident (Scheme 3). Within the microreactor acetone was first deprotonated by merging with a 2.5 M sodium hydroxide stream at room temperature, then, after a residence time of just 45 seconds, the resultant enolate was introduced to a stream containing the aldehyde as a 5.5 M solution also in
  • as proline. However, a major drawbacks of these process are the long reaction times and high catalyst loading that often need to be used [101][102]. In 2009, Seeberger et al. described a version of an enantioselective aldol reaction in flow using a microreactor (Scheme 6) [103]. The approach allowed
  • -bed microreactor was found to possess good long-term stability and could be used for the catalysis of a range of aldol reactions, one example is given in Scheme 8. Conveniently, just one starting material stock solution was all that was necessary, meaning that 4-chlorobenzaldehyde (64) could be
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Published 18 May 2021

Synthesis of trifluoromethyl ketones by nucleophilic trifluoromethylation of esters under a fluoroform/KHMDS/triglyme system

  • Yamato Fujihira,
  • Yumeng Liang,
  • Makoto Ono,
  • Kazuki Hirano,
  • Takumi Kagawa and
  • Norio Shibata

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 431–438, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.39

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  • equivalents of KHMDS. Further application of this “batch protocol” for a “continuous-flow microreactor” reaction is now ongoing in our laboratory towards industrial collaboration. Experimental A test tube containing 1 (0.4 mmol) in triglyme (0.7 mL) was charged with HCF3 (9.9 mL, 1.1 equiv, measured by a
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Published 12 Feb 2021

A sustainable strategy for the straightforward preparation of 2H-azirines and highly functionalized NH-aziridines from vinyl azides using a single solvent flow-batch approach

  • Michael Andresini,
  • Leonardo Degannaro and
  • Renzo Luisi

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 203–209, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.20

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  • Michael Andresini Leonardo Degannaro Renzo Luisi Flow Chemistry and Microreactor Technology FLAME-Lab, Department of Pharmacy – Drug Sciences, University of Bari “A. Moro”, Via E. Orabona 4, Bari, 70125, Italy 10.3762/bjoc.17.20 Abstract The reported flow-batch approach enables the easy
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Published 20 Jan 2021

Dawn of a new era in industrial photochemistry: the scale-up of micro- and mesostructured photoreactors

  • Emine Kayahan,
  • Mathias Jacobs,
  • Leen Braeken,
  • Leen C.J. Thomassen,
  • Simon Kuhn,
  • Tom van Gerven and
  • M. Enis Leblebici

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 2484–2504, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.202

Graphical Abstract
  • : microreactor; microreactor scale-up; monolith reactors; packed bed reactor; photoreactor scale-up; Review Introduction In the traditional chemical industry, thermochemical activation routes are mostly preferred. Light can also activate some molecules, which leads to fast and selective reaction pathways
  • - and mesostructures in larger-scale photoreactors, such as packed beds and monoliths coated with catalysts can also enhance the mass transfer and operate at microreactor reaction rates. Together with photomicroreactors, these structured reactors are opening a new era in photochemistry by providing a
  • applications. The lab-on-a-chip concept has enabled researchers to work on intrinsic kinetics. Intrinsic data acquisition is crucial while designing and operating large-scale reactors. Several microreactors, such as a spiral channel microreactor carved on a flat aluminum plate [23], a capillary tube [24], a
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Published 08 Oct 2020

When metal-catalyzed C–H functionalization meets visible-light photocatalysis

  • Lucas Guillemard and
  • Joanna Wencel-Delord

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 1754–1804, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.147

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  • applied to various C–H functionalization reactions [92][93]. In 2017, Noël, Van der Eycken and co-workers hence astutely combined the dual catalysis strategy with flow microreactor technology to achieve C2-acylation of indole derivatives with aldehydes (Figure 30) [94]. Both electron-rich and electron
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Published 21 Jul 2020

Heterogeneous photocatalysis in flow chemical reactors

  • Christopher G. Thomson,
  • Ai-Lan Lee and
  • Filipe Vilela

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 1495–1549, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.125

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Published 26 Jun 2020

Photocatalytic trifluoromethoxylation of arenes and heteroarenes in continuous-flow

  • Alexander V. Nyuchev,
  • Ting Wan,
  • Borja Cendón,
  • Carlo Sambiagio,
  • Job J. C. Struijs,
  • Michelle Ho,
  • Moisés Gulías,
  • Ying Wang and
  • Timothy Noël

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 1305–1312, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.111

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  • , Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States of America 10.3762/bjoc.16.111 Abstract The first example of photocatalytic trifluoromethoxylation of arenes and heteroarenes under continuous-flow conditions is described. Application of continuous-flow microreactor technology allowed to reduce the
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Published 15 Jun 2020

Safe and highly efficient adaptation of potentially explosive azide chemistry involved in the synthesis of Tamiflu using continuous-flow technology

  • Cloudius R. Sagandira and
  • Paul Watts

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2019, 15, 2577–2589, doi:10.3762/bjoc.15.251

Graphical Abstract
  • effort to address the safety concerns raised by the potentially explosive acyl azide 1a (Scheme 1), Hayashi and co-workers [14] demonstrated the handling of the Curtius rearrangement reaction (transformation from acyl azide 1a to isocyanate 1b) in a microreactor system (Scheme 1 and Figure 1). Acyl azide
  • eventual microreactor blockage caused by a resulting precipitate from the acetone/aqueous NaN3 mixture. Fortunately, acetonitrile is also an acceptable green solvent [21][22]. Furthermore, acetonitrile has a higher boiling point than acetone which is desirable for high temperature reaction interrogation
  • . Consequently, acetonitrile was the preferred solvent for mesyl shikimate 4 for further optimisation in continuous-flow systems. Mesyl shikimate 4 (0.1 M) in acetonitrile was treated with aqueous NaN3 (0.11 M, 1.1 equiv) in a thermally controlled microreactor system (Figure 2). Generally, good mesyl shikimate
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Published 30 Oct 2019

Ugi reaction-derived prolyl peptide catalysts grafted on the renewable polymer polyfurfuryl alcohol for applications in heterogeneous enamine catalysis

  • Alexander F. de la Torre,
  • Gabriel S. Scatena,
  • Oscar Valdés,
  • Daniel G. Rivera and
  • Márcio W. Paixão

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2019, 15, 1210–1216, doi:10.3762/bjoc.15.118

Graphical Abstract
  • system by charging an HPLC column with PFA-supported catalyst 3. Thus, polymer 3 was packed into a stainless-steel column (Ø = 0.21 cm (diameter), l = 15 cm (length), particle size = 45 µm). The main features of the resulting packed microreactor were determined by pycnometry methodology [20][21], as
  • reported in Table 2. This method consists in filling the microreactor successively with two distinct solvents (here noted as 1, ethanol and 2, n-hexane) and then weighing the filled microreactor accurately. The difference between the masses (w) of the filled reactor divided by the differences of solvent
  • densities (δ) permits to calculate the microreactor void volume (V0, dead volume). This feature is important because it provides an idea of the volume not utilized in the microreactor. The catalyst’s loading was kept as determined by microanalysis, as previously described for polymeric catalyst 3. The
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Published 04 Jun 2019

Low-budget 3D-printed equipment for continuous flow reactions

  • Jochen M. Neumaier,
  • Amiera Madani,
  • Thomas Klein and
  • Thomas Ziegler

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2019, 15, 558–566, doi:10.3762/bjoc.15.50

Graphical Abstract
  • this equipment we performed some multistep glycosylation reactions, where multiple 3D-printed flow reactors were used in series. Keywords: continuous flow; 3D printing; glycosylation; microreactor; multistep; Introduction The use of flow chemistry in comparison to batch chemistry shows great benefits
  • the mounted reactor R3. The small picture shows the fixed reactor in the rail. b) In-printed screw nuts during 3D-printing: The print was paused, the nuts inserted and the print resumed. a) Microreactor R4 with a reactor volume of 12 µL filled with a blue dye solution. b) Magnification of the reactor
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Published 26 Feb 2019

Asymmetric synthesis of a high added value chiral amine using immobilized ω-transaminases

  • Antonella Petri,
  • Valeria Colonna and
  • Oreste Piccolo

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2019, 15, 60–66, doi:10.3762/bjoc.15.6

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  • )-enantiomer. The good results obtained in the batch recycling reactions prompted us to investigate the possibility of a recycling process under flow conditions. For this purpose a microreactor was built consisting of a PEEK column which was filled with the enzyme. The reaction mixture was circulated within
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Published 07 Jan 2019

Mechanistic studies of an L-proline-catalyzed pyridazine formation involving a Diels–Alder reaction with inverse electron demand

  • Anne Schnell,
  • J. Alexander Willms,
  • S. Nozinovic and
  • Marianne Engeser

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2019, 15, 30–43, doi:10.3762/bjoc.15.3

Graphical Abstract
  • solution of substrate 4∙Br and L-proline was mixed with acetone in a commercial PEEK microreactor mixing tee. The reacting solution was diluted with acetonitrile using a second microreactor and subsequently fed into the ESI source of the mass spectrometer. Beside a very prominent signal of the charge
  • with a flow rate fA = 75 µL/h into microreactor mA, where they were mixed. From microreactor mA the combined solutions flowed towards microreactor mB where they were diluted with DMSO, which was injected with flow rate fB = 150 µL/h. The outlet of microreactor mB was directly fed into the spectrometer
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Published 03 Jan 2019

Synthesis of spirocyclic scaffolds using hypervalent iodine reagents

  • Fateh V. Singh,
  • Priyanka B. Kole,
  • Saeesh R. Mangaonkar and
  • Samata E. Shetgaonkar

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2018, 14, 1778–1805, doi:10.3762/bjoc.14.152

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  • 150 as an electrophile and trifluoroacetic anhydride (TFAA) as an additive at 80 °C in a microreactor without using any solvent (Scheme 56). Additionally, synthesised compound 133 was used as precursor for the synthesis of (±)-oxomaritidine (151). In 2007, Lalic and Corey [138] reported the synthetic
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Published 17 Jul 2018

Recent applications of chiral calixarenes in asymmetric catalysis

  • Mustafa Durmaz,
  • Erkan Halay and
  • Selahattin Bozkurt

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2018, 14, 1389–1412, doi:10.3762/bjoc.14.117

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  • -mediated aldol reactions in H2O was proposed for the present methodology. Accordingly, a hydrophobic region and a hydrophilic region may be created through the hydrogen bonds between functionalized calix[4]arene and water molecules. This leads to in situ formation of a microreactor that improves the
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Published 08 Jun 2018

Biocatalytic synthesis of the Green Note trans-2-hexenal in a continuous-flow microreactor

  • Morten M. C. H. van Schie,
  • Tiago Pedroso de Almeida,
  • Gabriele Laudadio,
  • Florian Tieves,
  • Elena Fernández-Fueyo,
  • Timothy Noël,
  • Isabel W. C. E. Arends and
  • Frank Hollmann

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2018, 14, 697–703, doi:10.3762/bjoc.14.58

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  • described in the literature to alleviate the inactivation issue described above [9][10][11][12]. The continuous-flow microreactor technology has emerged as a safe and scalable way to approach oxidation reactions [13][14]. Due to its small dimensions, hazardous reactions can be easily controlled, owing to
  • ABTS·+ by an excess of POD (500 U mL−1). The reactions were performed at 30 °C in oxygen-saturated 50 mM KPi buffer at pH 7.0. Flow reactor experiments PFA microreactor coils (750 μm ID) with a volume of 3 and 6 mL were constructed. The reaction mixture was introduced via a syringe pump (Fusion 200
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Published 26 Mar 2018

A concise flow synthesis of indole-3-carboxylic ester and its derivatisation to an auxin mimic

  • Marcus Baumann,
  • Ian R. Baxendale and
  • Fabien Deplante

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 2549–2560, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.251

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  • reactor – Cambridge Reactor Design). The system pressure was controlled using a 75 psi inline back pressure regulator. The flow stream was quenched by mixing with a solution of hydrochloric acid (1 M) at a flow rate of 2 mL/min within a glass microreactor (1 mL, Little Things Factory). The biphasic
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Published 29 Nov 2017

New bio-nanocomposites based on iron oxides and polysaccharides applied to oxidation and alkylation reactions

  • Daily Rodríguez-Padrón,
  • Alina M. Balu,
  • Antonio A. Romero and
  • Rafael Luque

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 1982–1993, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.194

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  • basic probe molecules applying a pulse chromatographic titration methodology. The catalyst used (≈0.025 g) was fixed inside a tubular stainless steel microreactor (4 mm internal diameter) by Pyrex glass wool. A cyclohexane solution of titrant (0.989 M in PY and 0.686 M in DMPY, respectively) was
  • injected into a gas chromatograph through a microreactor in which the catalyst was previously sited. The injected base was analyzed by gas chromatography with a flame ionization detector and using an analytical column of 0.5 m length, containing 5 wt % of polyphenylether in the Chromosorb AW-DMCS in 80/100
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Published 21 Sep 2017

A recursive microfluidic platform to explore the emergence of chemical evolution

  • David Doran,
  • Marc Rodriguez-Garcia,
  • Rebecca Turk-MacLeod,
  • Geoffrey J. T. Cooper and
  • Leroy Cronin

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 1702–1709, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.164

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  • evolution in droplets Here, we propose a system for facilitating chemical evolution in populations of co-incubating aqueous, single emulsion microfluidic droplets. Each microdroplet can be considered an autonomous microreactor, loaded with a self-propagating chemical reaction network. However, it has been
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Published 17 Aug 2017

Automating multistep flow synthesis: approach and challenges in integrating chemistry, machines and logic

  • Chinmay A. Shukla and
  • Amol A. Kulkarni

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 960–987, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.97

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  • temperature profiles inside the reactor. Whenever it is not possible to insert temperature sensors along the flow reactor/microreactor due to its compact dimensions (although miniaturized sensors are available almost everywhere), the temperature should be monitored at the inlet (preferably at mixing points
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Published 19 May 2017

Continuous-flow processes for the catalytic partial hydrogenation reaction of alkynes

  • Carmen Moreno-Marrodan,
  • Francesca Liguori and
  • Pierluigi Barbaro

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 734–754, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.73

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  • for a capillary microreactor (10 m length, 250 μm i.d., 110 nm film thickness) operating under annular two-phase flow regime, and whose inner walls were coated with a bimetallic Pd25Zn75 catalyst onto mesoporous TiO2 (Table 1, entry 10). Selectivity could be further improved (97%) by addition of
  • process), thereby favouring further reaction with H2 and reducing selectivity. In bulky ligand-modified catalysts, such as Pd(HHDMA)@C, the adsorption process is slightly endothermic and selectivity is enhanced. A high yield of 4a (78%) was also obtained by means of a capillary microreactor consisting in
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Published 20 Apr 2017

Contribution of microreactor technology and flow chemistry to the development of green and sustainable synthesis

  • Flavio Fanelli,
  • Giovanna Parisi,
  • Leonardo Degennaro and
  • Renzo Luisi

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 520–542, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.51

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  • Flavio Fanelli Giovanna Parisi Leonardo Degennaro Renzo Luisi Department of Pharmacy – Drug Sciences, University of Bari “A. Moro”, FLAME-Lab – Flow Chemistry and Microreactor Technology Laboratory, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125, Bari. Italy 10.3762/bjoc.13.51 Abstract Microreactor technology and flow
  • chemistry could play in the near future for a sustainable development. Keywords: flash chemistry; flow chemistry; green chemistry; microreactor technology; sustainable synthesis; Introduction Green chemistry’s birth was driven by the necessity to consider and face the urgent question of sustainability
  • chemistry we can read Paul Anastas and John Warne’s 12 principles, set up in 1998, which illustrate the characteristics of a greener chemical process or product [2]. Microreactor technology and flow chemistry could play a pivotal role in the context of sustainable development. In fact, flow chemistry is
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Published 14 Mar 2017

A chemoselective and continuous synthesis of m-sulfamoylbenzamide analogues

  • Arno Verlee,
  • Thomas Heugebaert,
  • Tom van der Meer,
  • Pavel I. Kerchev,
  • Frank Van Breusegem and
  • Christian V. Stevens

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 303–312, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.33

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  • selectivity are obtained for a flow rate of 125 µL/min for starting materials 1 and 2a and 250 µL/min for reactant 2b. The temperature for the first microreactor was kept at 20 °C to avoid coupling with the sulfonyl chloride. The second reactor was kept at 40 °C. This increase in temperature enables the
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Published 16 Feb 2017
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