Enhanced feedback performance in off-resonance AFM modes through pulse train sampling

• Mustafa Kangül,
• Navid Asmari,
• Santiago H. Andany,
• Marcos Penedo and
• Georg E. Fantner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 134–143, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.13

• curves, depends on the applied maximum force. Therefore, the maximum force error affects the measured dissipation values. To get better material contrast, one usually scans slowly to minimize the error. A lower imaging speed decreases the frequency of the disturbances induced by the topography, for which

• mode (ii., iv.). Similarly, panel (C) shows the dissipation channels at 0.5 Hz line rate (i., ii.) and 1 Hz line rate (iii., iv.), for impulse sampling mode (i., iii.) and pulse sampling mode (ii., iv.). In the error images, pixels with values outside of the range of ±25% of the setpoint (270 nN) are

• , calculated ratios are 0.2% and 2.7%, showing the significant improvement in tracking the topography. Moreover, the highlighted pixels in the error image also produce artefacts on the dissipation images (Figure 5C). As predicted, more accurate topography tracking of the pulse sampling mode yields less error

Josephson dynamics and Shapiro steps at high transmissions: current bias regime

• Artem V. Galaktionov and
• Andrei D. Zaikin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 51–56, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.5

• transparent superconducting nanojunctions at subgap voltages and temperatures. In this limit, intrinsic dissipation in such junctions turns out to be sub-Ohmic, which yields a linear dependence of the average voltage on the bias current I slightly exceeding the critical one Ic. We demonstrate a strong impact

• of intrinsic sub-Ohmic dissipation on integer Shapiro steps appearing on the I–V curve in the presence of external microwave radiation. Keywords: dissipation; Josephson effect; Shapiro steps; superconducting junctions; Introduction The key signature of the ac Josephson effect in superconducting

• modified by replacing V by its time average V→. Dissipation usually plays an important role in the case of current-biased superconducting nanojunctions. One possible way to account for dissipative currents is to employ the so-called resistively shunted junction (RSJ) model [1]. In the case of tunnel

A combined gas-phase dissociative ionization, dissociative electron attachment and deposition study on the potential FEBID precursor [Au(CH₃)₂Cl]₂

• Elif Bilgilisoy,
• Ali Kamali,
• Thomas Xaver Gentner,
• Gerd Ballmann,
• Sjoerd Harder,
• Hans-Peter Steinrück,
• Hubertus Marbach and
• Oddur Ingólfsson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1178–1199, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.98

• in the gas phase. Interestingly, a more extensive fragmentation is observed in the FEBID experiment, while by considering only energy dissipation, one would rather expect stabilization (i.e., the opposite effect). In DI, rearrangement reactions are found to be dominant among the fragmentation

A bifunctional superconducting cell as flux qubit and neuron

• Dmitrii S. Pashin,
• Pavel V. Pikunov,
• Marina V. Bastrakova,
• Andrey E. Schegolev,
• Nikolay V. Klenov and
• Igor I. Soloviev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1116–1126, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.92

• and annihilation operators for the i-th bosonic mode. Hint is responsible for the interaction between the thermostat and the superconducting parametron. For the case of ohmic dissipation, this relationship is linear and can be written as: where k is a coupling constant. Within the framework of the

ZnO-decorated SiC@C hybrids with strong electromagnetic absorption

• Liqun Duan,
• Zhiqian Yang,
• Yilu Xia,
• Xiaoqing Dai,
• Jian’an Wu and
• Minqian Sun

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 565–573, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.47

• , indicating that the conductivity loss through the carbon shell plays a dominant role in the EM dissipation. Based on the above analysis, it is considered that multiple loss mechanisms may contribute to the improvement of EM absorption for the as-prepared SiC@C-ZnO hybrids (Figure 7). First, the hybrid

Conjugated photothermal materials and structure design for solar steam generation

• Chia-Yang Lin and
• Tsuyoshi Michinobu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 454–466, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.36

• supplies water to this photothermal film. The film is slightly lifted in order to reduce heat dissipation from the bulk water. This is also beneficial for SSG through the thermal energy generated by the PTM. Porous 3D structures Porous materials, such as sponges [45][49][58][59], foams [31][34][38][49][50

Plasmonic nanotechnology for photothermal applications – an evaluation

• A. R. Indhu,
• L. Keerthana and
• Gnanaprakash Dharmalingam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 380–419, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.33

• can be used [92][93]: mi and Ci are, respectively, the mass and the specific heat capacity of the i-th component, T and t are, respectively, temperature and time, and Qin and Qout are, respectively, the rate of input power from the laser and the rate of heat dissipation to the surrounding. Often

Polymer nanoparticles from low-energy nanoemulsions for biomedical applications

• Santiago Grijalvo and
• Carlos Rodriguez-Abreu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 339–350, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.29

• -called high-energy methods (also called work-based methods [5]), this energy is supplied by external mechanical means, such as in high-pressure homogenizers or from ultrasound devices, with high dissipation (mostly in the form of heat) and, therefore, low energy efficiencies. In contrast, the so-called

Quasi-guided modes resulting from the band folding effect in a photonic crystal slab for enhanced interactions of matters with free-space radiations

• Kaili Sun,
• Yangjian Cai,
• Uriel Levy and
• Zhanghua Han

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 322–328, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.27

• . Plasmonic nanoantennas [3], although with relatively low Q-factors resulting from material dissipation, still provide a large level of field enhancement due to the deep-subwavelength level of mode confinement. As new alternatives to plasmonic nanostructures, all-dielectric nanostructures supporting Mie

A distributed active patch antenna model of a Josephson oscillator

• Vladimir M. Krasnov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 151–164, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.16

• is only slightly affected by an ill-defined QP resistance and remains practically the same even if we use the upper limit, GQP = 1/Rn. Importantly, ZTL is small because of very small d. Dissipative resistance The effective dissipative resistance is affected by all sources of dissipation, including QP

Frontiers of nanoelectronics: intrinsic Josephson effect and prospects of superconducting spintronics

• Anatolie S. Sidorenko,
• Horst Hahn and
• Vladimir Krasnov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 79–82, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.9

• drastically lower energy dissipation. А logical solution and the most promising candidate for radical reduction in energy consumption is the superconducting digital technology (SDT) based on Josephson junctions. The intrinsic Josephson effect, which was first reported by Reinhold Kleiner, Paul Müller, and co

• -workers (see [4][5] and references therein) has been investigated by many researchers [6][7][8]. The energy consumption of the SDT basic element is of the order of 10−19 J, corresponding to up to seven orders of magnitude less energy dissipation than that for their semiconductor analog, even when the

The influence of structure and local structural defects on the magnetic properties of cobalt nanofilms

• Alexander Vakhrushev,
• Aleksey Fedotov,
• Olesya Severyukhina and
• Anatolie Sidorenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 23–33, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.3

• of spintronics. Modern computing devices face a number of difficulties during production, including those related to arrangement of nanoscale computing elements on integrated circuits and their subsequent cooling during operation [17][18]. Problems related to excessive heat dissipation and

Design of surface nanostructures for chirality sensing based on quartz crystal microbalance

• Yinglin Ma,
• Xiangyun Xiao and
• Qingmin Ji

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1201–1219, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.100

• metal. Different from all prior QCM-based chiral sensing systems, no organic coating/recognition layer was used in this case. With this approach, dissipation of the oscillation or detachment of the organic selector layers is avoided, and the signal transfer during the molecular recognition processes is

A cantilever-based, ultrahigh-vacuum, low-temperature scanning probe instrument for multidimensional scanning force microscopy

• Hao Liu,
• Zuned Ahmed,
• Sasa Vranjkovic,
• Manfred Parschau,
• Andrada-Oana Mandru and
• Hans J. Hug

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1120–1140, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.95

• = ≈ 100,000. Note that the quality factor of the second flexural mode is not noticeably influenced by the interferometer operation point, but is typically considerably lower than Q1 (Q2 ≈ 10,000). We attribute this to energy dissipation arising by instabilities of the atomic positions of atoms inside the

• for the coating of high-quality factor cantilevers for magnetic force microscopy [29]. In future work, much thinner coating thicknesses could be used, or the coating could be applied to the cantilever side to reduce energy dissipation processes arising from the grain boundaries of the polycrystalline

Influence of water contamination on the sputtering of silicon with low-energy argon ions investigated by molecular dynamics simulations

• Grégoire R. N. Defoort-Levkov,
• Alan Bahm and
• Patrick Philipp

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 986–1003, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.86

• the NVE ensemble in order to avoid any impact of a thermostat on the collision cascade. Once properly equilibrated, the simulation of argon bombardment of pristine Si(100) was run for 50 ps, which was enough for the modelling of energy dissipation and sputtering, and then thermalized to 300 K. The

Bioselectivity of silk protein-based materials and their bio-inspired applications

• Hendrik Bargel,
• Vanessa T. Trossmann,
• Christoph Sommer and
• Thomas Scheibel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 902–921, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.81

• with membrane perturbation and dissipation of the transmembrane potential, which results in bacterial cell lysis and death [92]. In humans, over 120 HDPs have been identified, and typical examples include lysozyme, defensins, histatins, lactoferricin, kinocidins, ribonuclease, dermcidin, and

A superconducting adiabatic neuron in a quantum regime

• Marina V. Bastrakova,
• Dmitrii S. Pashin,
• Dmitriy A. Rybin,
• Andrey E. Schegolev,
• Nikolay V. Klenov,
• Igor I. Soloviev,
• Anastasiya A. Gorchavkina and
• Arkady M. Satanin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 653–665, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.57

• is assumed for a hybrid system of a classical neural network whose configuration is dynamically adjusted by a quantum co-processor. Analytical and numerical studies take into account non-adiabatic processes as well as dissipation, which leads to smoothing of quantum coherent oscillations. The

• with extremely small energy dissipation [42][43][44][45]. We especially note the demonstrated possibility of the adiabatic evolution of the state for a neuron in a multilayer perceptron with Josephson junctions without resistive shunting [46]. It is precisely such a heterostructure without resistive

• the dynamics of the neuron. The range of the operating parameters for the proposed neuron circuit under the action of unipolar magnetic flux pulses is found. Finally, the influence of the dissipation on the features of the dynamic processes and characteristics of the cell is revealed. Methods Neuron

Quantitative dynamic force microscopy with inclined tip oscillation

• Philipp Rahe,
• Daniel Heile,
• Reinhard Olbrich and
• Michael Reichling

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 610–619, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.53

• of a viscous damping layer, in-plane dissipation mechanisms have been found to cause systematic changes of the phase shift in amplitude-modulation AFM depending on the cantilever inclination [15]. Furthermore, it has been proposed to use the presence of a lateral component in the tip oscillation path

Effects of substrate stiffness on the viscoelasticity and migration of prostate cancer cells examined by atomic force microscopy

• Xiaoqiong Tang,
• Yan Zhang,
• Jiangbing Mao,
• Yuhua Wang,
• Zhenghong Zhang,
• Zhengchao Wang and
• Hongqin Yang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 560–569, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.47

• deformation [38][39]) the energy dissipation was mainly caused by cell adhesion, which was a certain separation between the approach and retraction curves (Figure 5c). The results showed a negative correlation between viscosity values and substrate stiffness in PC-3 cells: the higher the substrate stiffness

Tunable superconducting neurons for networks based on radial basis functions

• Andrey E. Schegolev,
• Nikolay V. Klenov,
• Sergey V. Bakurskiy,
• Igor I. Soloviev,
• Mikhail Yu. Kupriyanov,
• Maxim V. Tereshonok and
• Anatoli S. Sidorenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 444–454, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.37

• operation of the cell (tRF up to 8000tC, where tC is the characteristic time for the Josephson junction). The dissipation during the operation of the Gauss-neuron remains small, which justifies classifying the proposed cell as adiabatic (Figure 4b). Realization of tunability: adjustable kinetic inductance

• considered a basic cell for superconducting signal neurocomputers designed for the fast processing of a group signal with extremely low energy dissipation. It turned out that for this purpose it is possible to modify the previously discussed element of adiabatic superconducting neural networks. The ability

• deviation from the Gaussian-like function depending on the inductances l and lout of the G-cell. The bias flux is equal to 0.05π. (a) Dynamic transfer function of a Gauss-neuron for a trapezoidal external signal for different values of the rise/fall times of the signal tRF and (b) energy dissipation

Plasma modes in capacitively coupled superconducting nanowires

• Alex Latyshev,
• Andrew G. Semenov and
• Andrei D. Zaikin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 292–297, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.24

• along the wire playing the role of an effective quantum dissipative environment for electrons inside the wire. The frequency spectrum of this effective environment is similar to that of the celebrated Caldeira–Leggett model [8], which is widely employed in order to account for both quantum dissipation

Nanoscale friction and wear of a polymer coated with graphene

• Robin Vacher and
• Astrid S. de Wijn

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 63–73, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.4

• . Given the density and the fact that the typical time scale of dissipation is around 1 ps, this is sufficient to increase the temperature of the substrate locally by several kelvin. Near the glass transition, this could lead to significant changes in yield strength. The sinking affects the real surface

Effect of lubricants on the rotational transmission between solid-state gears

• Huang-Hsiang Lin,
• Jonathan Heinze,
• Alexander Croy,
• Rafael Gutiérrez and
• Gianaurelio Cuniberti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 54–62, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.3

• mechanical systems such as nanorobots [28] or mechanical calculators such as the Pascaline [29]. This draws a lot of attention to issues such as triggering rotations on a surface [30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40], collective rotations [41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48] and rotational dissipation [49

• friction or gear–lubricant friction are accounted for within the MD simulation in the form of an irreversible rotational kinetic energy dissipation. The energy of gear rotation can be transferred to deformation energy [49] or to the lubricants due to microscopic Lennard-Jones interactions. Angular velocity

Design aspects of Bi₂Sr₂CaCu₂O_8+δ THz sources: optimization of thermal and radiative properties

• Mikhail M. Krasnov,
• Natalia D. Novikova,
• Roger Cattaneo,
• Alexey A. Kalenyuk and
• Vladimir M. Krasnov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1392–1403, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.103

• detector mesa is biased by a small alternating current and the generator by a direct current in the same range as in Figure 2a. Figure 2c shows the ac resistance of the detector mesa, Rdet, as a function of dissipation power in the generator mesa, Pgen = IgenVgen. It is anticipated that self-heating is

• monotonic (approximately linear) with the dissipation power, while the emission is nonmonotonic [14][40] because it occurs at certain bias voltages, corresponding to geometrical resonances in the mesa [14][16][24][26]. From Figure 2c it is seen that a profound EMW emission occurs in a whisker-based mesa

• device. Despite a significant progress in this direction [10][12][13][35][36][38][47], it is unlikely that a single emitter would be able to sustain the dissipation power above few tens of milliwatts. The tolerable dissipation power can be significantly enhanced by spreading it between several smaller

Alteration of nanomechanical properties of pancreatic cancer cells through anticancer drug treatment revealed by atomic force microscopy

• Xiaoteng Liang,
• Shuai Liu,
• Xiuchao Wang,
• Dan Xia and
• Qiang Li

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1372–1379, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.101

• angle of the probe, and δ is the indentation depth. Thus the E can be calculated by transforming the above equation: Hence the Young’s modulus can be calculated by fitting the linear part of the force–distance curves, that is, the slope of the force–distance curve. Energy dissipation is the loss of

• mechanical energy during each trace–retrace cycle. The hysteresis in the force–distance curves between different types of cells indicates the energy dissipation. The dissipated energy can be calculated by the following formula, where W is the total amount of energy dissipation, and its value in the force

• indicates that pancreatic cancer softens pancreatic cells. Also, there is energy dissipation manifested as hysteresis in a cycle of force–distance curves in all four kinds of cells. The results (Supporting Information File 1, Table S2) show that the hysteresis in the force–displacement cycle of HPDE6-C7 is