Interactions at the cell membrane and pathways of internalization of nano-sized materials for nanomedicine

• Valentina Francia,
• Daphne Montizaan and
• Anna Salvati

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 338–353, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.25

• particles [125][137][138]. However, there are other examples showing exactly the opposite [139]. It has also been reported that uptake increases with charge density (either positive or negative) [140]. Regarding the pathway of internalization, some studies suggested that positively charged nanomaterials are

Antimony deposition onto Au(111) and insertion of Mg

• Lingxing Zan,
• Da Xing,
• Abdelaziz Ali Abd-El-Latif and
• Helmut Baltruschat

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2541–2552, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.245

• processes are kinetically slow because of the large ionic radius and high charge density of Mg2+ compared with Li+. In this work, we prepared very thin films of Sb by electrodeposition on a Au(111) substrate. Monolayer and multilayer deposition (up to 20 monolayers) were characterized by cyclic voltammetry

• reduction of oxygenous Sb(III) species from bulk solution. The total charge density of peaks C1 and C2 (≈320 µC cm−2) suggests that the coverage of a monolayer is around 0.44 by assuming a one to one ratio of Sb to Au atoms for a hypothetical monolayer (and a 3e− process), which is close to the reported

Nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond for nanoscale magnetic resonance imaging applications

• Alberto Boretti,
• Lorenzo Rosa,
• Jonathan Blackledge and
• Stefania Castelletto

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2128–2151, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.207

• properties with theoretical models. An array of NV sensors under the diamond surface were used in [58] for the spatial mapping of band bending, where the NV sensors probe the electric field associated with the surface distribution of space charge density under different diamond surface termination. The

Improvement of the thermoelectric properties of a MoO₃ monolayer through oxygen vacancies

• Wenwen Zheng,
• Wei Cao,
• Ziyu Wang,
• Huixiong Deng,
• Jing Shi and
• Rui Xiong

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2031–2038, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.199

• ratio of the Seebeck coefficient and the electrical conductivity along the x-axis and the y-axis at room temperature. Calculated (a) total electronic density of states (DOS) and projected DOS for (b) Mo and (c) O atoms of the MoO3 monolayer. The insets of (b) and (c) show the total charge density from

Effects of surface charge and boundary slip on time-periodic pressure-driven flow and electrokinetic energy conversion in a nanotube

• Mandula Buren,
• Yongjun Jian,
• Yingchun Zhao,
• Long Chang and
• Quansheng Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1628–1635, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.158

• Economics, Hohhot, China 10.3762/bjnano.10.158 Abstract Time-periodic pressure-driven slip flow and electrokinetic energy conversion efficiency in a nanotube are studied analytically. The slip length depends on the surface charge density. Electric potential, velocity and streaming electric field are

• contact with an electrolyte solution, most of them acquire surface electric charge [2] due to ion adsorption and acid–base reactions [3]. The charged surface attracts counterions and repels co-ions in the nearby electrolyte solution, and hence an electric double layer (EDL) with net charge density forms

• independent of the surface charge. However, recent theoretical and experimental results have shown that the surface charge affects the slip length. Joly et al. [18] used molecular dynamics simulations to find the relationship between slip length and surface charge density. The reason is that there exists an

Construction of a 0D/1D composite based on Au nanoparticles/CuBi₂O₄ microrods for efficient visible-light-driven photocatalytic activity

• Weilong Shi,
• Mingyang Li,
• Hongji Ren,
• Feng Guo,
• Xiliu Huang,
• Yu Shi and
• Yubin Tang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1360–1367, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.134

• promote the absorption of visible light and produce hot charge carriers that can increase the charge density of the substrate semiconductor [16][17]. In addition, as an effective electron sink, noble metals can capture photogenerated electrons and leave holes on the surface of semiconductors, which can be

Green fabrication of lanthanide-doped hydroxide-based phosphors: Y(OH)₃:Eu³⁺ nanoparticles for white light generation

• Tugrul Guner,
• Anilcan Kus,
• Mehmet Ozcan,
• Aziz Genc,
• Hasan Sahin and
• Mustafa M. Demir

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1200–1210, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.119

• bandgap of 3.83 eV, some midgap states emerge after the interstitial doping of Eu. The energy bandgap of the host at the vicinity of doped region increases to 4.28 eV. The band and orbital decomposed charge density presented in Figure 5b shows that the midgap state is formed by strongly hybridized Eu and

• doping ratio of the particles. (a) Perspective view of the atomic structure of Eu-doped Y(OH)3. (b) (left) The electronic band dispersion of Eu-doped Y(OH)3 (the Fermi level is set to zero) and (right) top and side view of the charge density corresponding to the midgap electronic state. White LED

Synthesis and characterization of quaternary La(Sr)S–TaS₂ misfit-layered nanotubes

• Marco Serra,
• Erumpukuthickal Ashokkumar Anumol,
• Dalit Stolovas,
• Iddo Pinkas,
• Ernesto Joselevich,
• Reshef Tenne,
• Andrey Enyashin and
• Francis Leonard Deepak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1112–1124, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.111

• to the hexagonal lattice is reduced upon increasing SrLa substitution. An analysis of the charge density distribution in the SrxLa1−xS–TaS2 misfits confirms the fairly ionic nature of the Sr atoms (like that in SrS compounds), while the La atoms establish covalent-like bonding with neighbor S atoms

• [46]. Finally, the compound SrTa2S5 with hexagonal structure, which can be possibly described as SrS–(TaS2)2 MLC, was found to exhibit a transition to a superconductor state at 3.16 K. [47]. A few authors suggested that increasing the charge transfer from the MX unit to the TX2 suppresses the charge

• density wave (CDW) transition, promoting thereby the superconducting state of the MLC [32]. This effect can be refined by controlling the Sr to rare-earth atoms in the MX lattice of the MLC. In the present work, the synthesis and characterization of nanotubes from the series SrxLa1−xS–TaS2 with ascending

Electronic and magnetic properties of doped black phosphorene with concentration dependence

• Ke Wang,
• Hai Wang,
• Min Zhang,
• Yan Liu and
• Wei Zhao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 993–1001, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.100

• the large dopant content and deep impurity levels, so that the impurity levels have influences on both the CBM and VBM. Therefore, we cannot infer from observing the band structure whether the impurity atom is the donor or acceptor in the doped phosphorenes. Charge density difference In order to

• denominate donor and acceptor in the doped phosphorenes, the charge density difference Δρ (CDD) is computed as follows [26]: where ρtot, ρvP, and ρd are the electron density of doped phosphorene, black phosphorene with one vacancy, and a dopant atom. The obtained results of Si- and S-doped phosphorenes are

• phosphorene with (e) 2 × 2 × 1, (f) 3 × 3 × 1, (g) 4 × 4 × 1, and (h) 5 × 5 × 1 supercell, respectively. The spin-up and spin-down energy bands are represented by red and blue lines, respectively. Charge density differences (CDDs) of doped phosphorene with different supercell sizes. (a–d) CDDs of Si-doped

Trapping polysulfide on two-dimensional molybdenum disulfide for Li–S batteries through phase selection with optimized binding

• Sha Dong,
• Xiaoli Sun and
• Zhiguo Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 774–780, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.77

• 3.99 and 3.67 Å, respectively. The large distance and the small binding strength of S8 on 2H-MoS2 and 1T'-MoS2 monolayers indicate that the interaction mainly originates from van der Waals interactions. To understand the binding between LPSs and the 2HMoS2- and 1T'-MoS2 monolayers, the charge-density

• redistribution becomes less pronounced, and there is almost no charge exchange between Li2S8 and the 2H-MoS2 monolayer, causing only weak adsorption. This agrees with the fact that the binding energy of Li2Sx absorbed on the 2H-MoS2 monolayer decreases as x increases from 1 to 8. The charge-density differences

The effect of translation on the binding energy for transition-metal porphyrines adsorbed on Ag(111) surface

• Luiza Buimaga-Iarinca and
• Cristian Morari

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 706–717, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.70

• chosen to be smaller than the standard “Siesta” value of about 200 meV, thereby allowing us to produce orbitals with larger cutoff radii in order to accurately simulate the long-range interactions. The grid used to calculate the integrals and to represent the charge density and potentials was defined by

• mechanism (see Supporting Information File 1, Figure S5, right). The analysis of the quantity displays shapes specific to a covalent bond, i.e., charge accumulation between the atoms in direct interaction. For one of the two spin components of charge density charge accumulation is present, while there is a

Outstanding chain-extension effect and high UV resistance of polybutylene succinate containing amino-acid-modified layered double hydroxides

• Adam A. Marek,
• Vincent Verney,
• Christine Taviot-Gueho,
• Grazia Totaro,
• Laura Sisti,
• Annamaria Celli and
• Fabrice Leroux

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 684–695, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.68

• the organic anions (determined using ChemBio 3D ultra 13.0 suite software) leads us to propose a monolayer arrangement for LDH/HIS where the main plane of the molecule is oriented nearly parallel to the hydroxide layer (Figure 2). From the point of charge density, Mg2Al hydroxide layers display an

• (Figure 3). A parallel orientation similar to histidine would require a surface area per unit charge of ≈35 Å2, which is too high compared to the charge density of Mg2Al host layers, thus supporting the perpendicular orientation. Actually, phenylalanine molecules are likely to be oriented in an inclined

Coexisting spin and Rabi oscillations at intermediate time regimes in electron transport through a photon cavity

• Vidar Gudmundsson,
• Hallmann Gestsson,
• Nzar Rauf Abdullah,
• Chi-Shung Tang,
• Andrei Manolescu and
• Valeriu Moldoveanu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 606–616, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.61

• video shows oscillations in the charge density between the dots with a combination of the Rabi and the Zeeman frequency. This is in accordance with the left and right transport currents displayed in Figure 5. Moreover, the charge oscillations in the video explain the phase difference between the left

Ceria/polymer nanocontainers for high-performance encapsulation of fluorophores

• Kartheek Katta,
• Dmitry Busko,
• Yuri Avlasevich,
• Katharina Landfester,
• Stanislav Baluschev and
• Rafael Muñoz-Espí

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 522–530, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.53

• crystallization experiments with specific concentration. The surface charge density was determined at pH 10 to ensure the complete deprotonation of the carboxylic groups. Synthesis of CeO2/polymer hybrid nanocapsules The synthesized polymeric nanocapsules, NC and NC(Ar), were used in the crystallization

•  1 reports the different samples reported in this work with the corresponding particle sizes measured by DLS. The surface charge density of the negatively charged latex nanocapsules was determined by direct polyelectrolyte titration with a roughly 0.001 N solution of poly(diallyldimethyl ammonium

• chloride), detecting the end point with an automatic streaming current detector with a particle-charge detector Mütek PCD-03 in combination with a Metrohm Titrino automatic titrator. The samples were diluted to a solid content of 0.1 wt % for titration and the surface charge density of 1.6 carboxylic

pH-mediated control over the mesostructure of ordered mesoporous materials templated by polyion complex micelles

• Emilie Molina,
• Mélody Mathonnat,
• Jason Richard,
• Patrick Lacroix-Desmazes,
• Martin In,
• Philippe Dieudonné,
• Thomas Cacciaguerra,
• Corine Gérardin and
• Nathalie Marcotte

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 144–156, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.14

• decrease of the charge density of oligochitosan (pKaOC 6.7) but also the increase of the PAA charge density, leading to an increase of the OC content relative to the DHBC in order to compensate the PAA charge in the PIC nanophase. Let us note that the fact that the amount of OC integrated in the material

• volume. The EO/Si decrease reflects the weaker hydrogen bond interactions between EO and silica species, which are expected due to the pH-dependence of the charge density of silica species [40]. This decreased EO/SiOH interaction with pH is in good accordance with the well-admitted mechanism of formation

• 7.9), the N/AA ratio sharply drops whereas EO/Si further decreases. The low value of N/AA is quite surprising since the charge density of OC decreases strongly above pH 6.5, and then even higher values of N/AA could be expected as a result of the necessary charge compensation in the PIC nanophase. Let

Hydrogen-induced plasticity in nanoporous palladium

• Markus Gößler,
• Eva-Maria Steyskal,
• Markus Stütz,
• Norbert Enzinger and
• Roland Würschum

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 3013–3024, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.280

• recently [60], is where Δεe denotes the change in elastic strain, α is the specific surface area A/V, K the bulk modulus, Δf the change in surface stress, and Enp the Young’s modulus of the nanoporous structure. Δf can be linked to the change in surface charge density Δq via electrocapillary coupling

Size limits of magnetic-domain engineering in continuous in-plane exchange-bias prototype films

• Alexander Gaul,
• Daniel Emmrich,
• Timo Ueltzhöffer,
• Henning Huckfeldt,
• Hatice Doğanay,
• Johanna Hackl,
• Muhammad Imtiaz Khan,
• Daniel M. Gottlob,
• Gregor Hartmann,
• André Beyer,
• Dennis Holzinger,
• Slavomír Nemšák,
• Claus M. Schneider,
• Armin Gölzhäuser,
• Günter Reiss and
• Arno Ehresmann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2968–2979, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.276

• by MFM (Figure 1). For = 0°, the hh and tt domain configuration leads to a maximization of the monopolar charge density within the DW. To reduce the stray-field energy, the DW core spreads into the adjacent domains. Substructures visible in Figure 1a close to the DW center originate from the high

• charge density in the domain wall center, causing a widening of the latter [44]. The DW spreads wider into the bombarded areas than into the non-bombarded areas, resulting in asymmetric DWs. This is caused by the reduced effective magnetic anisotropy within the bombarded regions correlated to the nuclear

• magnetic charge density minimizing the stray-field energy. These ripple structures are responsible for the significant spatial broadening of the experimentally observed charge profile when compared to the simulations. The shape of the smallest stable quadratic domain (d = 2 μm) also appears distorted in

Investigation of CVD graphene as-grown on Cu foil using simultaneous scanning tunneling/atomic force microscopy

• Majid Fazeli Jadidi,
• Umut Kamber,
• Oğuzhan Gürlü and
• H. Özgür Özer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2953–2959, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.274

• complicated as it could be interpreted as a map of the local charge density of states of the surface at the Fermi level [6]. Therefore, depending on tip type and its electronic charge state, different relative contrasts of the atoms on the surface, including even reversal of contrast, are obtained in STM

Nanocellulose: Recent advances and its prospects in environmental remediation

• Katrina Pui Yee Shak,
• Yean Ling Pang and
• Shee Keat Mah

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2479–2498, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.232

• -1-oxyl-mediated (or TEMPO-mediated) [137], and citric/hydrochloric acid hydrolysis [135] are used to increase the anionic charge density or provide cationic charges to the nanocellulose, which has diversified the application of nanocellulose. For example, the modification of nanocellulose to produce

Nanotribology

• Enrico Gnecco,
• Susan Perkin,
• Andrea Vanossi and
• Ernst Meyer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2330–2331, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.217

• “Understanding and Controlling Nano and Mesoscale Friction”, which ran from 2013 to 2017. Here the covered topics include but are not limited to controlled manipulation of nanoparticles, optically trapped colloidal and ionic systems, superlubricity of graphene, sliding friction of organic molecules, charge

• density waves, and perspectives of tuning friction using photo-assisted reactions. Hopefully, new ideas and further research work will be stimulated from this Thematic Series, which could not have come to light without the contributions of all authors and the constant support from the Beilstein-Institut

Interaction-induced zero-energy pinning and quantum dot formation in Majorana nanowires

• Samuel D. Escribano,
• Alfredo Levy Yeyati and
• Elsa Prada

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2171–2180, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.203

• ). Our aim is to solve this equation together with the Bogoliubov–de Gennes equation for determining self-consistently the charge density ρ(x) along the nanowire. For this purpose we derive a generalized method of image charges that allows us to calculate the induced potential under rather general

• charges that emerge in the electrostatic environment. We compute the electrostatic potential using Poisson’s equation where is the non-homogeneous dielectrical permittivity of the entire system and is the quantum and thermal average of the charge density of the nanowire obtained with Equation 1. The

• interfaces. Then, assuming that the charge density in the nanowire is located along its symmetry axis (x-axis), we obtain the electrostatic potential using the method of image charges, as explained in detail in Section 1 of Supporting Information File 1. More precisely, is given by where Vb(x,x′) is a

A scanning probe microscopy study of nanostructured TiO₂/poly(3-hexylthiophene) hybrid heterojunctions for photovoltaic applications

• Laurie Letertre,
• Roland Roche,
• Olivier Douhéret,
• Hailu G. Kassa,
• Denis Mariolle,
• Nicolas Chevalier,
• Łukasz Borowik,
• Philippe Dumas,
• Benjamin Grévin,
• Roberto Lazzaroni and
• Philippe Leclère

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2087–2096, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.197

• covalent bonding between P3HT-COOH and TiO2 creates a dipole at the interface induced by: (i) the hybridization of the electronic orbitals of the two components, leading to a rearrangement of the charge density at the interface and (ii) the addition of a net dipole intrinsic to the P3HT-COOH molecule

Recent highlights in nanoscale and mesoscale friction

• Andrea Vanossi,
• Dirk Dietzel,
• Andre Schirmeisen,
• Ernst Meyer,
• Rémy Pawlak,
• Thilo Glatzel,
• Marcin Kisiel,
• Shigeki Kawai and
• Nicola Manini

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1995–2014, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.190

• voltage and/or the distance [188][189][190][191][192]. An example of particular interest is that of charge-density waves (CDW) where a superstructure is formed by a charge redistribution. Langer et al. have observed that the damping coefficient can be drastically changed on NbSe2, when the probing tip is

• locally disturbing the charge density waves [188] (Figure 7). At a certain threshold, the CDW shows a phase slip, which then leads to dissipation. Another example where non-contact friction can be influenced by external parameters are the measurements of superconductors across the critical temperature

Free-radical gases on two-dimensional transition-metal disulfides (XS₂, X = Mo/W): robust half-metallicity for efficient nitrogen oxide sensors

• Chunmei Zhang,
• Yalong Jiao,
• Fengxian Ma,
• Sri Kasi Matta,
• Steven Bottle and
• Aijun Du

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1641–1646, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.156

• force are converged to 10−6 eV and 0.001 eV/Å, respectively. The calculations on band structures and charge density are undertaken with an energy cut-off of 500 eV for the plane-wave expansion and Monkhorst–Pack k-point meshes of 3 × 3 × 1 in the whole Brillouin zone. The adsorption energy (binding

• ) nanosheet to the physically adsorbed gas molecules. With the calculated favorable configuration, we compute the corresponding magnetic charge density, total density of state (TDOS) as well as PDOS (Figure S3, Supporting Information File 1) for pristine 2D XS2 (X = Mo, W) and 2D XS2 (X = Mo, W) with adsorbed

Interaction-tailored organization of large-area colloidal assemblies

• Silvia Rizzato,
• Elisabetta Primiceri,
• Anna Grazia Monteduro,
• Adriano Colombelli,
• Angelo Leo,
• Maria Grazia Manera,
• Roberto Rella and
• Giuseppe Maruccio

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1582–1593, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.150

• latex with surface charge density 1.2 µC/cm2 and concentration 8% w/v) and 500 ± 50 nm (non-functionalized Polybeads® – microspheres containing a slight anionic charge from sulfate ester, concentration 2.5% w/v) were respectively purchased from Invitrogen and Polyscience, Inc. Poly