An efficient electrode material for high performance solid-state hybrid supercapacitors based on a Cu/CuO/porous carbon nanofiber/TiO₂ hybrid composite

• Mamta Sham Lal,
• Thirugnanam Lavanya and
• Sundara Ramaprabhu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 781–793, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.78

• was dissolved in 50 mL of deionized water. Then, a dilute solution of titanium tetraisopropoxide (0.001 M) in isopropanol was added drop wise into the solution and the mixture was stirred for 30 min at room temperature. Afterwards, the desired amount of concentrated HNO3 was added to maintain a pH

Advanced scanning probe lithography using anatase-to-rutile transition to create localized TiO₂ nanorods

• Julian Kalb,
• Vanessa Knittel and
• Lukas Schmidt-Mende

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 412–418, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.40

• aperture of 10 μm. The aluminium was dissolved in a 0.5 molar NaOH bath within 12 s. The samples were developed in methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK) for 25 s and cleaned with isopropanol. In case of electron-beam lithography, a polycrystalline rutile TiO2 films was fabricated as a seed layer for the

Biocompatible organic–inorganic hybrid materials based on nucleobases and titanium developed by molecular layer deposition

• Leva Momtazi,
• Henrik H. Sønsteby and
• Ola Nilsen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 399–411, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.39

• growth, one can apply ligand exchange reactions between TTIP and functional groups on the organic molecules. In this case the functional groups are protons on the amines or protons on tautomers of the ketones of thymine and uracil. Any such reaction should lead to loss of one isopropanol from TTIP with a

• gain of one organic molecule. The mass of isopropanol is 60.10 u, while thymine, uracil and adenine is 126.12, 112.08 and 135.13 u, respectively, approximately twice that of isopropanol. Based on the QCM long-pulse sequences, the overall mass gain during pulsing of any of the organic molecules is

• almost negligible when mass loss during the subsequent purging is included. This observation may indicate that two isopropanol molecules are lost for each organic molecule reacted during its pulse. Such a reaction is possible when considering that all organic molecules have at least two reactive sites

Sub-wavelength waveguide properties of 1D and surface-functionalized SnO₂ nanostructures of various morphologies

• Venkataramana Bonu,
• Binaya Kumar Sahu,
• Arindam Das,
• Sankarakumar Amirthapandian,
• Sandip Dhara and
• Harish C. Barshilia

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 379–388, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.37

• crucible where NB lengths of up to 3 mm can be observed. Images of these long, as-grown NBs resemble beautiful flower creepers (Figure 1c). The inset in Figure 1c shows small petal-like shapes sitting on the NB. As-grown NBs were ultra-sonicated in isopropanol for a few minutes and drop-casted on the Si

Effects of post-lithography cleaning on the yield and performance of CVD graphene-based devices

• Eduardo Nery Duarte de Araujo,
• Thiago Alonso Stephan Lacerda de Sousa,
• Luciano de Moura Guimarães and
• Flavio Plentz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 349–355, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.34

• (Figure 1e) and the lift-off as well (Figure 1j) were performed whith the resist stripper, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP), followed by rinsing in isopropanol (IPA) and deionized water (DI, Figure 2a,b). Figure 2c shows that this procedure seriously damages graphene. We attribute this to the well-known high

Nanoporous water oxidation electrodes with a low loading of laser-deposited Ru/C exhibit enhanced corrosion stability

• Sandra Haschke,
• Dmitrii Pankin,
• Vladimir Mikhailovskii,
• Maïssa K. S. Barr,
• Adriana Both-Engel,
• Alina Manshina and
• Julien Bachmann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 157–167, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.15

• isopropanol. Preparation of nanostructured samples Nanostructured Ru/C electrodes were prepared in several steps as illustrated in Figure 5. A standard two-step anodization of aluminum (represented as (a) in Figure 5) delivered the nanoporous aluminum oxide membranes further used as templates [35]. Aluminum

• evaporated (approx. each 30 s) a new droplet was placed on the same spot. The nanostructured samples were then washed in a flow of acetone and isopropanol. Four to five depositions were performed on each substrate. In a last step, the electrical contact was generated by sputter-coating of approx. 1 μm ITO in

Threshold voltage decrease in a thermotropic nematic liquid crystal doped with graphene oxide flakes

• Mateusz Mrukiewicz,
• Krystian Kowiorski,
• Paweł Perkowski,
• Rafał Mazur and
• Małgorzata Djas

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 71–78, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.7

• Chemical Synthesis and Flake Graphene, Institute of Electronic Materials Technology, Warsaw, Poland. Then, the GO flakes in water were transferred by solvent exchange into isopropanol (IPA) and were sonicated to achieve a stable GO-IPA suspension of a known concentration. The structure of the flakes was

• graphene. After characterization by SEM and AFM, the GO-IPA suspension was added to 4-cyano-4′-pentylbiphenyl (5CB) to obtain different GO concentrations (0.05–0.3 wt %). Isopropanol was evaporated at 45 °C for 24 h. The rod-like 5CB compound was synthesized in the Institute of Chemistry, Military

Biomimetic surface structures in steel fabricated with femtosecond laser pulses: influence of laser rescanning on morphology and wettability

• Camilo Florian Baron,
• Alexandros Mimidis,
• Daniel Puerto,
• Evangelos Skoulas,
• Emmanuel Stratakis,
• Javier Solis and
• Jan Siegel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2802–2812, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.262

• after laser irradiation, the samples were cleaned in an ultrasound bath with isopropanol for 5 minutes and gently dried with pressurized nitrogen. The irradiation strategy consisted of fabricating continuous areas of 5 × 5 mm2 with an adequate balance between the laser repetition rate (ν), scan velocity

Size-selected Fe₃O₄–Au hybrid nanoparticles for improved magnetism-based theranostics

• Maria V. Efremova,
• Yulia A. Nalench,
• Eirini Myrovali,
• Anastasiia S. Garanina,
• Ivan S. Grebennikov,
• Polina K. Gifer,
• Maxim A. Abakumov,
• Marina Spasova,
• Makis Angelakeris,
• Alexander G. Savchenko,
• Michael Farle,
• Natalia L. Klyachko,
• Alexander G. Majouga and
• Ulf Wiedwald

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2684–2699, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.251

• -octadecene and 1,2-hexadecanediol were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. 1,2-Distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-[carboxy(polyethylene glycol)-5000] ammonium salt (DSPE-PEG-COOH) was delivered by Avanti Polar Lipids. Isopropanol, hexane and chloroform were purchased from Reachim. Water used in the

• reflux for 45 min. After cooling down to room temperature, the reaction mixture was oxidized by stirring for 1 h under ambient air. The NPs were isolated via centrifugation, washed several times with isopropanol and dispersed in hexane. Fe3O4–Au hybrid NPs with presynthesized Au seeds (MNP-25 and MNP-44

• oxidized by stirring for 1 h under ambient air. The NPs were isolated via centrifugation, washed with isopropanol and dispersed in hexane. Oleic-acid-coated Fe3O4–Au NPs were transferred into water by modification with 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-[carboxy(polyethylene glycol)-5000

Friction reduction through biologically inspired scale-like laser surface textures

• Johannes Schneider,
• Vergil Djamiykov and
• Christian Greiner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2561–2572, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.238

• with a Fischerscope microhardness tester (Helmut Fischer GmbH, Sindelfingen, Germany), revealed a local hardness at the scale edges of approximately 1500 to 1700 HV0.1. Each pellet was cleaned with isopropanol for five minutes in an ultrasound bath before and after laser surface texturing. Electron

• experiments [16][23]. All tests were conducted at room temperature (25 °C) and at a relative humidity of approximately 45%. All tested pellets and discs were sonicated in isopropanol for 15 minutes before each tribological experiment in order to ensure a reproducible surface chemistry and clean samples

Nanocellulose: Recent advances and its prospects in environmental remediation

• Katrina Pui Yee Shak,
• Yean Ling Pang and
• Shee Keat Mah

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2479–2498, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.232

Magnetism and magnetoresistance of single Ni–Cu alloy nanowires

• Andreea Costas,
• Camelia Florica,
• Elena Matei,
• Maria Eugenia Toimil-Molares,
• Ionel Stavarache,
• Andrei Kuncser,
• Victor Kuncser and
• Ionut Enculescu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2345–2355, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.219

• successively in chloroform and dichloromethane. Further, by ultrasonication, the nanowires were transferred in ultrapure isopropanol and placed on n++-doped SiO2/Si substrates having interdigitated metallic electrodes of Ti/Au (10/90 nm). The electrodes were obtained combining photolithography (using an EVG

• with a Raith system), a droplet of nanowires suspension in isopropanol is placed on the substrate with interdigitated metallic electrodes of Ti/Au. Individual nanowires conveniently placed between the photolithographically fabricated electrodes were chosen for contacting. After the specific EBL process

Hierarchical heterostructures of Bi₂MoO₆ microflowers decorated with Ag₂CO₃ nanoparticles for efficient visible-light-driven photocatalytic removal of toxic pollutants

• Shijie Li,
• Wei Jiang,
• Shiwei Hu,
• Yu Liu,
• Yanping Liu,
• Kaibing Xu and
• Jianshe Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2297–2305, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.214

• photocatalytic reaction system contribute to the decomposition of pollutant [48][49][50][51][52]. We performed radical-scavenger tests to determine the active species in the degradation of RhB. As displayed in Figure 9, the addition of isopropanol (IPA) resulted in a slight inhibition of the RhB degradation

• efficient VLD photocatalyst with promising applications in environmental remediation. Experimental Materials Bi(NO3)3·5H2O, NaHCO3, NH3·H2O, Na2MoO4·2H2O, rhodamine B (RhB), methyl blue (MB), tetracycline hydrochloride (TC), methyl orange (MO), isopropanol (IPA), AgNO3, p-benzoquinone (BQ), and ammonium

Electrospun one-dimensional nanostructures: a new horizon for gas sensing materials

• Muhammad Imran,
• Nunzio Motta and
• Mahnaz Shafiei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2128–2170, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.202

Localized photodeposition of catalysts using nanophotonic resonances in silicon photocathodes

• Evgenia Kontoleta,
• Sven H. C. Askes,
• Lai-Hung Lai and
• Erik C. Garnett

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2097–2105, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.198

• fabrication of the three different types of silicon nanostructures. First, the samples were cleaned with soap and consecutively rinsed with copious amounts of water, acetone and isopropanol. After that, the samples were submerged in hot piranha solution (120 °C, 3:1 concentrated H2SO4/30% H2O2) for 20 min and

Self-assembled quasi-hexagonal arrays of gold nanoparticles with small gaps for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy

• Emre Gürdal,
• Simon Dickreuter,
• Fatima Noureddine,
• Pascal Bieschke,
• Dieter P. Kern and
• Monika Fleischer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1977–1985, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.188

• cleaned with acetone in an ultrasonic bath for two minutes. Then they were rinsed with isopropanol, and finally dried with nitrogen gas. A symmetric diblock copolymer (polystyrene-block-poly-2-vinylpyridine, PS(133000)-block-P2VP(132000), polymer source) was dissolved in toluene at a concentration of 1 mg

Preparation of micro/nanopatterned gelatins crosslinked with genipin for biocompatible dental implants

• Reika Makita,
• Tsukasa Akasaka,
• Seiichi Tamagawa,
• Yasuhiro Yoshida,
• Saori Miyata,
• Hirofumi Miyaji and
• Tsutomu Sugaya

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1735–1754, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.165

Interaction-tailored organization of large-area colloidal assemblies

• Silvia Rizzato,
• Elisabetta Primiceri,
• Anna Grazia Monteduro,
• Adriano Colombelli,
• Angelo Leo,
• Maria Grazia Manera,
• Roberto Rella and
• Giuseppe Maruccio

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1582–1593, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.150

• isopropanol. Given that the particles were negatively charged, the substrates were then functionalized to expose a positively charged surface in order to facilitate particle absorption by electrostatic interactions. For this purpose, the substrates were coated with a layer of 0.1 wt % PDDA, followed by 0.1 wt

Correlative electrochemical strain and scanning electron microscopy for local characterization of the solid state electrolyte Li_1.3Al_0.3Ti_1.7(PO₄)₃

• Nino Schön,
• Deniz Cihan Gunduz,
• Shicheng Yu,
• Hermann Tempel,
• Roland Schierholz and
• Florian Hausen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1564–1572, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.148

• master polish. Afterwards, the pellets were rinsed thoroughly with isopropanol. Focused-ion beam polishing For comparison, a second sample was additionally polished using a focused-ion beam (FEI (now Thermo-Fisher) Helios 460F1) [33]. For this, a polished SEM sample was used. A protective Pt-layer the

Ag₂WO₄ nanorods decorated with AgI nanoparticles: Novel and efficient visible-light-driven photocatalysts for the degradation of water pollutants

• Shijie Li,
• Shiwei Hu,
• Wei Jiang,
• Yanping Liu,
• Yu Liu,
• Yingtang Zhou,
• Liuye Mo and
• Jianshe Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1308–1316, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.123

• a TOC analyzer (Shimadzu TOC-VCPH). Radical trapping experiments were conducted by introducing diverse scavengers (1 mM ammonium oxalate, 1 mM p-benzoquinone or 1 mM isopropanol) into the RhB (100 mL, 10 mg L−1) solution. XRD patterns of Ag2WO4, AgI, 0.1AgI/Ag2WO4, 0.2AgI/Ag2WO4, 0.3AgI/Ag2WO4, and

A simple extension of the commonly used fitting equation for oscillatory structural forces in case of silica nanoparticle suspensions

• Sebastian Schön and
• Regine von Klitzing

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1095–1107, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.101

• (RCA method) [59]. The substrates were then rinsed extensively with water and dried in a nitrogen stream. Afterwards they were stored in a closed vessel in isopropanol (99.5% Geyer). Both, wafers and cantilevers were cleaned using an oxygen plasma (Diener electronics Femto) for 20 min immediately

Synthesis and characterization of two new TiO₂-containing benzothiazole-based imine composites for organic device applications

• Anna Różycka,
• Agnieszka Iwan,
• Krzysztof Artur Bogdanowicz,
• Michal Filapek,
• Natalia Górska,
• Damian Pociecha,
• Marek Malinowski,
• Patryk Fryń,
• Agnieszka Hreniak,
• Jakub Rysz,
• Paweł Dąbczyński and
• Monika Marzec

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 721–739, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.67

• )/Au multilayer structures. First, the ITO-coated glass substrate was cleaned by ultrasonication in acetone and isopropanol for ≈20 min and oxygen plasma for 30 s. TiO2 (3Dnano P25, average particle size 21 ± 5 nm, mixed rutile (20%)/anatase (80%) phases, and a surface area of 50 m2/g) was mixed with

Perovskite-structured CaTiO₃ coupled with g-C₃N₄ as a heterojunction photocatalyst for organic pollutant degradation

• Ashish Kumar,
• Christian Schuerings,
• Suneel Kumar,
• Ajay Kumar and
• Venkata Krishnan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 671–685, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.62

• under natural sunlight illumination using the CTCN heterojunction as the photocatalyst. In this study, benzoquinone (BQ), isopropanol (IPA) and triethanolamine (TEA) were used as scavengers for superoxide radicals (O2−•), hydroxyl radicals (•OH) and photoexcited holes (h+), respectively, and the

Optimisation of purification techniques for the preparation of large-volume aqueous solar nanoparticle inks for organic photovoltaics

• Furqan Almyahi,
• Thomas R. Andersen,
• Nathan A. Cooling,
• Natalie P. Holmes,
• Matthew J. Griffith,
• Krishna Feron,
• Xiaojing Zhou,
• Warwick J. Belcher and
• Paul C. Dastoor

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 649–659, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.60

• with 112 rpm/s acceleration for 1 min. Device fabrication On pre-cleaned (water, acetone and isopropanol) patterned ITO glass substrates PEDOT:PSS (HTL Solar) films were spin-coated at 5000 rpm for 1 min and baked for 30 min at 140 °C (film thickness of 35 ± 5 nm). On top of the PEDOT:PSS layer, the

Wafer-scale bioactive substrate patterning by chemical lift-off lithography

• Chong-You Chen,
• Chang-Ming Wang,
• Hsiang-Hua Li,
• Hong-Hseng Chan and
• Wei-Ssu Liao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 311–320, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.31

• , USA) was thoroughly mixed, degassed under vacuum, cast onto master molds, and cured on an aluminum-top hot plate at 100 °C overnight. The PDMS stamps were separated from the master molds, sequentially rinsed with acetone and isopropanol, and then blown dry with nitrogen gas. The prepared stamps were