Synthesis of carbon nanowalls from a single-source metal-organic precursor

• André Giese,
• Sebastian Schipporeit,
• Volker Buck and
• Nicolas Wöhrl

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1895–1905, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.181

• is based on so-called crowding effects [20]. They suggest that horizontally aligned CNWs first grow until they touch each other and, due to the lack of space, later raise and grow vertically. Zhu et al. used polycrystalline silicon substrates and proposed that after synthesizing an initial graphene

Direct AFM-based nanoscale mapping and tomography of open-circuit voltages for photovoltaics

• Katherine Atamanuk,
• Justin Luria and
• Bryan D. Huey

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1802–1808, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.171

• Katherine Atamanuk Justin Luria Bryan D. Huey University of Connecticut, Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA 10.3762/bjnano.9.171 Abstract The nanoscale optoelectronic properties of materials can be especially important for polycrystalline photovoltaics

• interconnects [4][5], and tomographic AFM of photocurrents in polycrystalline solar cells during in situ illumination [6]. Standard photo-conductive AFM (pcAFM) employs a conducting probe, which serves as a positionable top electrode, to map currents upon illumination and/or biasing. With solar cells, the short

• practically removed per image frame, leading to effective 30 nm resolution in the z-direction between consecutive pairs of ISC* and VOC* maps throughout the polycrystalline film thickness. During such progressive imaging some spatial drift is unavoidable, though this is easily accommodated by commercial, free

Multimodal noncontact atomic force microscopy and Kelvin probe force microscopy investigations of organolead tribromide perovskite single crystals

• Yann Almadori,
• David Moerman,
• Jaume Llacer Martinez,
• Philippe Leclère and
• Benjamin Grévin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1695–1704, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.161

• internal electric field distribution and photocarrier recombination mechanisms in polycrystalline perovskite thin films [6][7]. However, considering the results of earlier works shows that it is sometimes difficult to draw definitive conclusions about the detrimental (or beneficial) impact of the GBs on

• the surface potential probed by KPFM. It is now clear that a complex interplay exists between the charge carrier populations, traps, and mobile ions. Despite all the progress made, interpreting the surface potential (SP) and surface photovoltage (SPV) contrasts recorded by KPFM on polycrystalline lead

Nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes coated with zinc oxide nanoparticles as sulfur encapsulator for high-performance lithium/sulfur batteries

• Yan Zhao,
• Zhengjun Liu,
• Liancheng Sun,
• Yongguang Zhang,
• Yuting Feng,
• Xin Wang,
• Indira Kurmanbayeva and
• Zhumabay Bakenov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1677–1685, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.159

• polycrystalline structure of the as-prepared ZnO@NCNT. Morphology and structure of the ZnO@NCNT before S loading are similar to those in our previous studies, and were discussed in our previous work [13]. After loading with S, the morphology of resulting S/ZnO@NCNT composite was again characterized by SEM and TEM

Sheet-on-belt branched TiO₂(B)/rGO powders with enhanced photocatalytic activity

• Huan Xing,
• Wei Wen and
• Jin-Ming Wu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1550–1557, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.146

• corresponding to polycrystalline TiO2(B). The high-resolution TEM (HRTEM) image demonstrated in Figure 3c shows parallel fringes with a neighboring distance of ≈0.545 nm, corresponding to the (200) plane of TiO2(B) and distance of ≈0.382 nm, which is attributed to the (110) plane of TiO2(B). The cross-angle of

Atomistic modeling of tribological properties of Pd and Al nanoparticles on a graphene surface

• Alexei Khomenko,
• Miroslav Zakharov,
• Denis Boyko and
• Bo N. J. Persson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1239–1246, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.115

• peaks of radial distribution function are blurred indicating that the nanoparticles are amorphous or polycrystalline. Keywords: aluminum; friction force; graphene; nanoparticle; nanotribology; palladium; Introduction The study of surface or interface phenomena at the atomic level has attracted

• polycrystalline structures of nanoparticles. Figure 10B,D shows the atoms of the Al and Pd nanoparticles at the particle–graphene interface. Note that domains of ordered atoms structures can be observed for both types of particles, but are more clear for the Al particle. Since the internal atom–atom bonding in

• ]. The peaks of RDF are blurred and we can conclude that long-range atomic order is absent and the nanoparticles are amorphous or have a polycrystalline order. We have observed regions of local order of atoms on the particle bottom surface, which may influence the saw-like form of the substrate force as

Heterostuctures of 4-(chloromethyl)phenyltrichlorosilane and 5,10,15,20-tetra(4-pyridyl)-21H,23H-porphine prepared on Si(111) using particle lithography: Nanoscale characterization of the main steps of nanopatterning

• Phillip C. Chambers and
• Jayne C. Garno

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1211–1219, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.112

• interfaces has been studied using layer-by-layer assembly that incorporates organosilane or organothiol monolayers to functionalize a surface to form multilayer films [2][3]. Dip-pen nanolithography was applied to pattern porphyrazines onto a polycrystalline gold surface to align horizontally or vertically

Comparative study of sculptured metallic thin films deposited by oblique angle deposition at different temperatures

• Susann Liedtke,
• Christoph Grüner,
• Jürgen W. Gerlach and
• Bernd Rauschenbach

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 954–962, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.89

• maxima, revealing a polycrystalline fiber-texture contribution. The four sharp peaks in Figure 2e and 2g, respectively, originate from the Si(100) substrate. The presence of an 800 nm thick oxide layer on the substrate prohibits an epitaxial relationship between the columns and the substrate. In summary

• thin films (θ = 82°), polycrystalline Al thin films are grown with a vertically incoming Al atom flux (θ = 0°). The θ–2θ scans (not shown here) of these vertically deposited films reveal a preferred [111] growth direction for deposition at 77 K, but [111] as well as [100] growth directions for

Effect of annealing treatments on CeO₂ grown on TiN and Si substrates by atomic layer deposition

• Silvia Vangelista,
• Rossella Piagge,
• Satu Ek and
• Alessio Lamperti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 890–899, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.83

• crystallization. When ceria is deposited on TiN, the temperature has to be limited to 600 °C due to the thermal instability of the underlying TiN substrate with a broadening of the interface, while there are no changes detected inside the CeO2 films. As-deposited CeO2 films show a cubic fluorite polycrystalline

• sputtering [7], e-beam [16], physical vapor deposition [17], chemical vapor deposition (CVD) [18], and atomic layer deposition (ALD). The latter has been explored by using different precursors, e.g., Ce(thd)4, Ce(iPrCp)3 and Ce(mmp)4) [19][20][21][22][23], obtaining as-deposited film with polycrystalline

• use these relative intensities as indication of a preferential orientation by comparing them with the relative intensities of a randomly oriented polycrystalline material (black symbols). In the case of CeO2 deposited on TiN, the prevalence of the (111) orientation and its preservation upon annealing

Facile chemical routes to mesoporous silver substrates for SERS analysis

• Elina A. Tastekova,
• Alexander Y. Polyakov,
• Anastasia E. Goldt,
• Alexander V. Sidorov,
• Alexandra A. Oshmyanskaya,
• Irina V. Sukhorukova,
• Dmitry V. Shtansky,
• Wolgang Grünert and
• Anastasia V. Grigorieva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 880–889, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.82

• efficient method for synthesis of silver polygonal structures with amazingly precise shape control using silver(I) oxide as a structural precursor. According to the technique described also elsewhere [27], polycrystalline uniform Ag2O polyhedron-like crystallites could be quantitatively obtained. Such cubic

• silver prepared at a double excess of NaBH4 is of 230 ± 90 nm (Figure 1c) and the related pore size is about 100 nm. A ten-fold excess of NaBH4 led to full conversion of polycrystalline Ag2O to ≈1 μm sponge-like Ag grains (Figure 1d), which also contained numerous mesopores. As it was discussed elsewhere

Towards the third dimension in direct electron beam writing of silver

• Katja Höflich,
• Jakub Mateusz Jurczyk,
• Katarzyna Madajska,
• Maximilian Götz,
• Luisa Berger,
• Carlos Guerra-Nuñez,
• Caspar Haverkamp,
• Iwona Szymanska and
• Ivo Utke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 842–849, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.78

• pronounced dependency of the deposit height on the dwell time. Truly three-dimensional silver structures could be realized with silver pentafluoropropionate. The pillars were polycrystalline with silver contents of more than 50 atom % and exhibit strong Raman enhancement. This constitutes a promising route

• that the forward scattered electrons add to the carbon and oxygen signal, a conservative estimate gives 50 atom % of silver. This lower limit for the silver content for the pillars is contrasted by their polycrystalline nature, their Raman activity in Figure 3e, and the higher silver content measured

Facile synthesis of a ZnO–BiOI p–n nano-heterojunction with excellent visible-light photocatalytic activity

• Mengyuan Zhang,
• Jiaqian Qin,
• Pengfei Yu,
• Bing Zhang,
• Mingzhen Ma,
• Xinyu Zhang and
• Riping Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 789–800, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.72

• (Figure S2d, Supporting Information File 1) illustrate the polycrystalline nature of sample B-3 and the coexistence of BiOI and ZnO. Two bright inner rings, which are indexed to BiOI (106) and ZnO (004) facets, indicate the high crystalline degree and echo the previous XRD study to a great extent. The TEM

Review: Electrostatically actuated nanobeam-based nanoelectromechanical switches – materials solutions and operational conditions

• Liga Jasulaneca,
• Jelena Kosmaca,
• Raimonds Meija,
• Jana Andzane and
• Donats Erts

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 271–300, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.29

• explained as follows: currently, large area graphene can be prepared by the CVD technique; synthesized by this method, graphene has a polycrystalline nature. Processes occurring at the grain boundaries of polycrystalline graphene as, for example, charge carrier scattering and mechanical stress, result in

• , Si is widely used in top-down fabrication of NEM switches [20][21][22][50][132]. Top-down Si-based NEM devices of different designs (for example, U-shaped dual-beam structure with capacitive paddle (Figure 11a) [20], torsional [133]) are typically fabricated from single- or polycrystalline Si

Co-reductive fabrication of carbon nanodots with high quantum yield for bioimaging of bacteria

• Jiajun Wang,
• Xia Liu,
• Gesmi Milcovich,
• Tzu-Yu Chen,
• Edel Durack,
• Sarah Mallen,
• Yongming Ruan,
• Xuexiang Weng and
• Sarah P. Hudson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 137–145, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.16

• . This could be ascribed to the fact that the average polycrystalline signal is collected in XRD, while in TEM, only the single crystallite is investigated. The mean crystallite size of the C-dots was estimated by using Scherrer’s equation, D = kλ/βcosθ, where D is the average crystallite size, k is a

Comparative study of post-growth annealing of Cu(hfac)₂, Co₂(CO)₈ and Me₂Au(acac) metal precursors deposited by FEBID

• Marcos V. Puydinger dos Santos,
• Aleksandra Szkudlarek,
• Artur Rydosz,
• Carlos Guerra-Nuñez,
• Fanny Béron,
• Kleber R. Pirota,
• Stanislav Moshkalev,
• José Alexandre Diniz and
• Ivo Utke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 91–101, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.11

• turns the amorphous carbon into polycrystalline graphite. According to Tuinstra et al. [58], Robertson [59] and Ferrari and co-workers [60], both the G band shift and the integrated intensity ratio allow for the determination of the in-plane correlation length, or of the grain size of graphitic

Electron-driven and thermal chemistry during water-assisted purification of platinum nanomaterials generated by electron beam induced deposition

• Ziyan Warneke,
• Markus Rohdenburg,
• Jonas Warneke,
• Janina Kopyra and
• Petra Swiderek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 77–90, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.10

• FEBID from MeCpPtMe3. Experimental All experiments were performed in an ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) chamber [39] with a base pressure of about 10−10 mbar. In all experiments, multilayer films of MeCpPtMe3 were condensed on a polycrystalline Ta sheet held between 105 K and 110 K by liquid N2 cooling. The

• calibrated volume where the absolute pressure is measured with a capacitance manometer. For each film deposition, a calibrated amount of vapour was leaked via a stainless steel capillary opening onto the metal substrate. Experiments on methylcyclopentadiene (MeCpH) were performed on a polycrystalline Au

Growth model and structure evolution of Ag layers deposited on Ge films

• Arkadiusz Ciesielski,
• Lukasz Skowronski,
• Ewa Górecka,
• Jakub Kierdaszuk and
• Tomasz Szoplik

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 66–76, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.9

• varying from 2 to 10 nm. This allows to determine the rate of Ge segregation into the Ag polycrystalline structure, but also to assess at which Ag-to-Ge ratio these samples can be treated as silver grains decorated with Ge atoms and when should they be treated as an elemental mixture. To verify whether Ge

Direct writing of gold nanostructures with an electron beam: On the way to pure nanostructures by combining optimized deposition with oxygen-plasma treatment

• Domagoj Belić,
• Mostafa M. Shawrav,
• Emmerich Bertagnolli and
• Heinz D. Wanzenboeck

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2530–2543, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.253

• ratio (up to 50), measuring several micrometers in height while only having ≈100 nm in diameter (Figure 1b). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed the polycrystalline nature of the NPs having 3–8 nm crystallites embedded in an amorphous matrix (Figure 1c), which seems to be a common feature of

• Au NPs produced by FEBID in non-reactive environments [38][43]. The corresponding electron diffraction pattern given in the inset of Figure 1c is consistent with polycrystalline Au, revealing interplanar distances of (2.4 ± 0.1) Å, (2.1 ± 0.1) Å, (1.4 ± 0.1) Å, and (1.2 ± 0.1) Å that correspond to

• axis (FSA) and slow scanning axis (SSA), can be adjusted relative to the gas flux vector (GFV). (b) SEM image (45° tilt) of a Au nanopillar (NP) fabricated by FEBID. (c) TEM image of a FEBID Au NP, with the corresponding electron diffraction pattern given in the inset, confirming the polycrystalline

Laser-assisted fabrication of gold nanoparticle-composed structures embedded in borosilicate glass

• Nikolay Nedyalkov,
• Mihaela Koleva,
• Nadya Stankova,
• Rosen Nikov,
• Mitsuhiro Terakawa,
• Yasutaka Nakajima,
• Lyubomir Aleksandrov and
• Reni Iordanova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2454–2463, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.244

• presence of darker zones. The inset is an SEAD image taken from one of these areas; it indicated the existence of a polycrystalline structured component, while the analysis of the diffraction pattern revealed that the material was metallic gold. The high-resolution TEM image pointed to cubic phase Au

Fabrication of CeO₂–MO_x (M = Cu, Co, Ni) composite yolk–shell nanospheres with enhanced catalytic properties for CO oxidation

• Ling Liu,
• Jingjing Shi,
• Hongxia Cao,
• Ruiyu Wang and
• Ziwu Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2425–2437, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.241

• corresponded to Cu species. In the corresponding selected-area electron diffraction (SAED) pattern in Figure 3d only the diffraction rings belonging to CeO2, indicative of a polycrystalline structure, can be recognized. This result is similar to the previously reported literature [22]. Energy-dispersive X-ray

Application of visible-light photosensitization to form alkyl-radical-derived thin films on gold

• Rashanique D. Quarels,
• Xianglin Zhai,
• Neepa Kuruppu,
• Jenny K. Hedlund,
• Ashley A. Ellsworth,
• Amy V. Walker,
• Jayne C. Garno and
• Justin R. Ragains

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1863–1877, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.187

• blue LED irradiation) were duplicated. AFM data shown here and in the Supporting Information File 1 are representative. Procedure for preparation of samples for IRRAS and contact angle goniometry. Polycrystalline 100 nm Au-film-coated glass slides obtained from Platypus Technologies (catalog number Au

• procedures. The resulting thin films on Au were subjected to AFM, XPS, and TOF SIMS analysis. Alternatively, glass-backed slides consisting of polycrystalline Au were irradiated in the presence of phthalimide ester, benzyl nicotinamide and Ru(bpy)3Cl2 for a duration of 3 h. The resulting thin films were

• . Since the film coverage remained the same over a period of 6 months, this suggests that the film is highly robust. Contact angle goniometry. The wettability of both Au–Me and Au–NHBoc thin films on polycrystalline Au slides was investigated by measuring the water contact angles of freshly prepared

Laser processing of thin-film multilayer structures: comparison between a 3D thermal model and experimental results

• Babak B. Naghshine and
• Amirkianoosh Kiani

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1749–1759, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.176

• can have many potential applications including patterning the cell growth for biomedical applications and controlling the grain size in fabrication of polycrystalline silicon (poly-Si) thin-film transistors (TFTs). Keywords: 3D transient modelling; heat transfer; laser materials processing

• interesting applications that can introduce new possibilities to the art of laser processing. One of the most interesting applications is the fabrication of polycrystalline silicon (poly-Si) thin-film transistors (TFTs). In this method, a thin film of amorphous silicon (a-Si) is deposited on a glass substrate

Methionine-mediated synthesis of magnetic nanoparticles and functionalization with gold quantum dots for theranostic applications

• Arūnas Jagminas,
• Agnė Mikalauskaitė,
• Vitalijus Karabanovas and
• Jūrate Vaičiūnienė

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1734–1741, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.174

• (400), 53.45 (422), 56.97 (511) 62.59 (440), and 74.01 (533) match well with the standard polycrystalline CoFe2O4 diffraction data summarized in the PDF Card No. 00.022-1086. The average size of as-grown Nps, calculated by the Scherrer formula [26] from the (311) XRD line broadening ~ 6.0 nm, it is a

Parylene C as a versatile dielectric material for organic field-effect transistors

• Tomasz Marszalek,
• Maciej Gazicki-Lipman and
• Jacek Ulanski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1532–1545, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.155

• derivatives (parylenes). Because of its unique properties described above, the latter polymer has the potential to outgrow the remaining candidates in its application as a gate dielectric in both single-crystal organic transistors and polycrystalline TFTs. One of the most cited publications in the field of

Formation of ferromagnetic molecular thin films from blends by annealing

• Peter Robaschik,
• Ye Ma,
• Salahud Din and
• Sandrine Heutz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1469–1475, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.146

• fabrication advantages of molecular materials. The β-phase is particularly attractive for MnPc, where it leads to ferromagnetism in polycrystalline powders and single crystals [10][11]. Due to the arrangement in molecular columns with a stacking angle of 45° the Mn ion lies directly underneath a nitrogen atom