Au nanostructure fabrication by pulsed laser deposition in open air: Influence of the deposition geometry

• Rumen G. Nikov,
• Anna Og. Dikovska,
• Nikolay N. Nedyalkov,
• Georgi V. Avdeev and
• Petar A. Atanasov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2438–2445, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.242

• measurements, a drop of distilled water was placed on the sample and material from within the drop was removed by scratching. The drop with the removed material was collected by a pipette and transferred onto a TEM grid. The crystalline structure of the samples was analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD

Fabrication of CeO₂–MO_x (M = Cu, Co, Ni) composite yolk–shell nanospheres with enhanced catalytic properties for CO oxidation

• Ling Liu,
• Jingjing Shi,
• Hongxia Cao,
• Ruiyu Wang and
• Ziwu Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2425–2437, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.241

• dispersed transition-metal oxide cluster species. Information about crystallinity and phases of the samples were obtained from X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. Figure 6a displays the XRD patterns of the as-synthesized CeO2–MOx nanospheres. All diffraction peaks can be assigned to the fluorite-like cubic

• denoted CeO2–M′Ox–1, CeO2–M′Ox–2 and CeO2–M′Ox–3, respectively. Characterization Crystallographic phases and purity were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) on a Bruker D8-Advance powder X-ray diffractometer with Cu Kα radiation (λ = 0.15418 nm). The morphologies and structures were examined by

Hydrothermal synthesis of ZnO quantum dot/KNb₃O₈ nanosheet photocatalysts for reducing carbon dioxide to methanol

• Xiao Shao,
• Weiyue Xin and
• Xiaohong Yin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2264–2270, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.226

• . The as-prepared photocatalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and UV–vis absorption spectroscopy (UV–vis). The photocatalytic activity of the

Substrate and Mg doping effects in GaAs nanowires

• Perumal Kannappan,
• Nabiha Ben Sedrine,
• Jennifer P. Teixeira,
• Maria R. Soares,
• Bruno P. Falcão,
• Maria R. Correia,
• Nestor Cifuentes,
• Emilson R. Viana,
• Marcus V. B. Moreira,
• Geraldo M. Ribeiro,
• Alfredo G. de Oliveira,
• Juan C. González and
• Joaquim P. Leitão

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2126–2138, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.212

• ) substrates, with the same nominal Mg doping level. A thorough investigation of the morphological, structural, electrical and optical properties of the nanowires is presented. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements suggest a polytypic structure. Electrical measurements performed on individual nanowire back

In situ controlled rapid growth of novel high activity TiB₂/(TiB₂–TiN) hierarchical/heterostructured nanocomposites

• Jilin Wang,
• Hejie Liao,
• Yuchun Ji,
• Fei Long,
• Yunle Gu,
• Zhengguang Zou,
• Weimin Wang and
• Zhengyi Fu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2116–2125, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.211

• -temperature synthesis (RC-SHS) method was developed for the in situ controlled synthesis of novel, high activity TiB2/(TiB2–TiN) hierarchical/heterostructured nanocomposites using TiO2, Mg, B2O3, KBH4 and NH4NO3 as raw materials. The as-synthesized samples were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD

• attributed to the surface hydrolysis and oxidation of the hierarchical structures. Figure 1d displays the typical X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern of the as-prepared TiB2/(TiB2–TiN) samples where the endothermic rate is 40%. Nine peaks could be assigned to characteristic planes of TiB2 (JCPDF card No.65-1073

• characterized using powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) with Cu Kα radiation. The morphology and microstructure of the samples were investigated using a Hitachi S4800 field emission scanning electron microscope (FSEM), a Philips CM12 transmission electron microscope (TEM), a JEOL JEM-2100F high-resolution

Systematic control of α-Fe₂O₃ crystal growth direction for improved electrochemical performance of lithium-ion battery anodes

• Nan Shen,
• Miriam Keppeler,
• Barbara Stiaszny,
• Holger Hain,
• Filippo Maglia and
• Madhavi Srinivasan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2032–2044, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.204

• -methylethylenediamine (95%, Sigma-Aldrich) instead of 1,2-diaminopropane. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis was performed on a Shimadzu XRD-6000 diffractometer operating at 40 kV and 40 mA using Cu Kα radiation (λ = 0.154 nm) with a copper target and a nickel filter. The surface morphology and microstructure of the

Growth and characterization of textured well-faceted ZnO on planar Si(100), planar Si(111), and textured Si(100) substrates for solar cell applications

• Chin-Yi Tsai,
• Jyong-Di Lai,
• Shih-Wei Feng,
• Chien-Jung Huang,
• Chien-Hsun Chen,
• Fann-Wei Yang,
• Hsiang-Chen Wang and
• Li-Wei Tu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1939–1945, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.194

• (LPCVD) were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and cathode luminescence (CL) measurements. The results show that ZnO grown on planar Si(100), planar Si(111), and textured Si(100) substrates favor the growth of ZnO(110) ridge-like, ZnO

• by LPCVD. These three samples are characterized and analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and cathode luminescence (CL) measurements. The grain structure, average grain size, and associated strains are shown to agree well with the

Freestanding graphene/MnO₂ cathodes for Li-ion batteries

• Şeyma Özcan,
• Aslıhan Güler,
• Tugrul Cetinkaya,
• Mehmet O. Guler and
• Hatem Akbulut

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1932–1938, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.193

• composite cathodes was characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The structural and phase investigation of the freestanding cathodes was tested using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy. Electrochemical characterization of graphene/MnO2 cathodes A CR2016 coin cell was used to

• -ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy. The surface and cross-sectional morphologies of freestanding cathodes were investigated by scanning electron microcopy (SEM). The charge–discharge profile of the cathodes was tested between 1.5 V and 4.5 V at a constant current of 0.1 mA cm−2 using CR2016

• microwave hydrothermal synthesis, and graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets were prepared by oxidation of graphite using a modified Hummers’ method. Freestanding graphene/MnO2 cathodes were manufactured through a vacuum filtration process. The structure of the graphene/MnO2 nanocomposites was characterized using X

Fabrication of carbon nanospheres by the pyrolysis of polyacrylonitrile–poly(methyl methacrylate) core–shell composite nanoparticles

• Dafu Wei,
• Youwei Zhang and
• Jinping Fu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1897–1908, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.190

• observations were performed on a Hitachi S-4800 field emission scanning electron microscope. Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns were recorded using an X-ray diffractometer (Model D8 Advance, Bruker AXS) with Cu Kα radiation. Low-temperature nitrogen adsorption experiments were performed at the boiling

Synthesis and functionalization of NaGdF₄:Yb,Er@NaGdF₄ core–shell nanoparticles for possible application as multimodal contrast agents

• Dovile Baziulyte-Paulaviciene,
• Vitalijus Karabanovas,
• Marius Stasys,
• Greta Jarockyte,
• Vilius Poderys,
• Simas Sakirzanovas and
• Ricardas Rotomskis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1815–1824, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.183

• ) spectroscopy. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), photoluminescence (PL) spectra and magnetic resonance (MR) T1 relaxation measurements were used to characterize the size, crystal structure, optical and magnetic properties of the core and core–shell nanoparticles. Moreover

• ). Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis has been carried out by employing a Rigaku MiniFlex II diffractometer working in the Bragg–Brentano (θ/2θ) geometry. The data were collected within a 2θ angle from 10° to 65° at a step of 0.01° and scanning speed of 10 °/min using the Ni-filtered Cu Kα line. The

Synthesis and catalytic application of magnetic Co–Cu nanowires

• Lijuan Sun,
• Xiaoyu Li,
• Zhiqiang Xu,
• Kenan Xie and
• Li Liao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1769–1773, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.178

• volume of hydrogen was monitored by a eudiometer. The morphology and crystal structure of the products were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM, Hitachi S4800), transmission electron microscopy (TEM, FEI Tecnai G20 S-TWIN) and X-ray diffraction (XRD, Rigaku D/max 2200pc, Cu Kα, step size 4

Near-infrared-responsive, superparamagnetic Au@Co nanochains

• Varadee Vittur,
• Arati G. Kolhatkar,
• Shreya Shah,
• Irene Rusakova,
• Dmitri Litvinov and
• T. Randall Lee

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1680–1687, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.168

• provides the X-ray diffraction (XRD) data of the synthesized nanochains. The XRD pattern shows peaks at 2θ = 38.34°, 46.36°, 65.24° and 77.11°, which correspond, respectively, to the (111), (200), (220), and (311) crystallographic planes of the face-centered cubic (fcc) structure of gold. The selected area

Group-13 and group-15 doping of germanane

• Nicholas D. Cultrara,
• Maxx Q. Arguilla,
• Shishi Jiang,
• Chuanchuan Sun,
• Michael R. Scudder,
• R. Dominic Ross and
• Joshua E. Goldberger

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1642–1648, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.164

• 3% of added dopant. Figure 1c shows the powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern of undoped GeH reported by Bianco et al. [25], and those of the highest doped Ga:GeH and As:GeH samples. All the deintercalated phases can be indexed [32] to a 6-layer rhombohedral unit cell with lattice parameters a

Low-temperature CO oxidation over Cu/Pt co-doped ZrO₂ nanoparticles synthesized by solution combustion

• Amit Singhania and
• Shipra Mital Gupta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1546–1552, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.156

• dissolve into the ZrO2 lattice and thus creates oxygen vacancies due to lattice distortion and charge imbalance. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) results showed Cu/Pt co-doped ZrO2 nanoparticles with a size of ca. 10 nm. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectra confirmed cubic

Parylene C as a versatile dielectric material for organic field-effect transistors

• Tomasz Marszalek,
• Maciej Gazicki-Lipman and
• Jacek Ulanski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1532–1545, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.155

• polymers are partially crystalline materials. It was found that both deposition rate and post-deposition thermal treatment significantly affected the crystallinity of the Parylene C films. Both as-deposited and thermally annealed films were subjected to X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements and showed a

Calcium fluoride based multifunctional nanoparticles for multimodal imaging

• Marion Straßer,
• Joachim H. X. Schrauth,
• Sofia Dembski,
• Daniel Haddad,
• Bernd Ahrens,
• Stefan Schweizer,
• Bastian Christ,
• Alevtina Cubukova,
• Marco Metzger,
• Heike Walles,
• Peter M. Jakob and
• Gerhard Sextl

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1484–1493, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.148

• carried out by using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. The capability of these NPs to be used as positive CAs for MRI was also investigated. In addition, the

Development of a nitrogen-doped 2D material for tribological applications in the boundary-lubrication regime

• Shende Rashmi Chandrabhan,
• Velayudhanpillai Jayan,
• Somendra Singh Parihar and
• Sundara Ramaprabhu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1476–1483, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.147

• °C. At this temperature, melamine was decomposed completely resulting in the uniform doping of nitrogen in graphene. The final sample is labeled as N-rGO. Figure 1 shows the schematic for the synthesis of N-rGO. Characterization techniques The powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns were recorded in

Formation of ferromagnetic molecular thin films from blends by annealing

• Peter Robaschik,
• Ye Ma,
• Salahud Din and
• Sandrine Heutz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1469–1475, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.146

• 60 °C by blending the MnPc film with TCNQ in the starting films deposited at room temperature. Optical microscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD) are used to identify the phase transition by investigation of the surface morphology and the structure of the films, while FTIR spectroscopy provides

• crystallites in our MnPc films reach a size of up to 10 µm for their longer axis, which is attractive for high coercivity in magnetism and improved charge transport along the crystallites. Results from optical microscopy can be refined by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Figure 3a shows the XRD patterns of the as

Characterization of ferrite nanoparticles for preparation of biocomposites

• Urszula Klekotka,
• Magdalena Rogowska,
• Dariusz Satuła and
• Beata Kalska-Szostko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1257–1265, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.127

• compositions are collected. X-ray diffraction (XRD) All resultant ferrite nanoparticles were measured by X-ray diffraction to see if any changes appear in the crystal structure of the nanoparticles after composition modification. The obtained diffractograms are presented in Figure 3. From a previous work [17

• grid covered with an amorphous carbon film to provide good support for the particles. Energy dispersive X-ray spectra (EDX) were collected during the TEM measurements. The analysis of the crystal structure was done by X-ray diffraction (XRD) on an Agilent Technologies SuperNova diffractometer with a Mo

Atomic structure of Mg-based metallic glass investigated with neutron diffraction, reverse Monte Carlo modeling and electron microscopy

• Rafał Babilas,
• Dariusz Łukowiec and
• Laszlo Temleitner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1174–1182, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.119

• pure and doped ZnO films with thickness from 50 to 200 nm, which contained equiaxial grains of about 20 nm length. Moreover, the ZnO films exhibited ferromagnetic behavior. The structure of the ribbons in the as-cast state was preliminary checked by conventional X-ray diffraction (XRD) in the

Enhanced catalytic activity without the use of an external light source using microwave-synthesized CuO nanopetals

• Govinda Lakhotiya,
• Sonal Bajaj,
• Arpan Kumar Nayak,
• Debabrata Pradhan,
• Pradip Tekade and
• Abhimanyu Rana

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1167–1173, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.118

• activity of CuO nanopetals activated by irradiation with photons (visible light) in the absence of H2O2 is also studied and compared with the activity under dark conditions. Results and Discussion Structural and morphological study Figure 1a illustrates X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of CuO nanomaterials

AgCl-doped CdSe quantum dots with near-IR photoluminescence

• Pavel A. Kotin,
• Sergey S. Bubenov,
• Natalia E. Mordvinova and
• Sergey G. Dorofeev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1156–1166, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.117

• oleate method on optical properties of CdSe QDs and find optimal conditions to obtain QDs with IR-PL. We also investigate structure, composition and shape of NCs obtained with the use of X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF). Results

• and Discussion Each synthesis was identical but for the AgCl content (see Table 1). Specimen designation was as follows: AgCl_N, where N/32 is the molar ratio of Ag to Cd during synthesis. XRD and TEM investigations Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) investigations of

Growth, structure and stability of sputter-deposited MoS₂ thin films

• Reinhard Kaindl,
• Bernhard C. Bayer,
• Roland Resel,
• Thomas Müller,
• Viera Skakalova,
• Gerlinde Habler,
• Rainer Abart,
• Alexey S. Cherevan,
• Dominik Eder,
• Maxime Blatter,
• Fabian Fischer,
• Jannik C. Meyer,
• Dmitry K. Polyushkin and
• Wolfgang Waldhauser

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1115–1126, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.113

• position of the 00L peaks in specular X-ray diffraction (XRD) as well as broad diffraction features in grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXD) experiments (Figure 3). However, the process of layer preparation is well controlled, which is reflected by the highly smooth surfaces. The RT deposited films

ZnO nanoparticles sensitized by CuInZn_xS_2+x quantum dots as highly efficient solar light driven photocatalysts

• Florian Donat,
• Serge Corbel,
• Halima Alem,
• Steve Pontvianne,
• Lavinia Balan,
• Ghouti Medjahdi and
• Raphaël Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1080–1093, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.110

• . Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) pictures were prepared using a JEOL scanning electron microscope JSM-6490 LV. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) data were collected from an X'Pert MPD diffractometer (Panalytical AXS) with a goniometer radius 240 mm, fixed divergence slit module (1/2° divergence slit, 0.04 rd

Structural properties and thermal stability of cobalt- and chromium-doped α-MnO₂ nanorods

• Romana Cerc Korošec,
• Polona Umek,
• Alexandre Gloter,
• Jana Padežnik Gomilšek and
• Peter Bukovec

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1032–1042, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.104

• figure refers to the reaction temperature. Characterization techniques Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) was performed on a PANanalytical X'Per PRO Diffractometer in the 2θ range from 5 to 80° with a step of 0.034° per second, and an integration time of 300 s. Cu Kα1 radiation with a wavelength of 1.5406 Å