Nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes coated with zinc oxide nanoparticles as sulfur encapsulator for high-performance lithium/sulfur batteries

• Yan Zhao,
• Zhengjun Liu,
• Liancheng Sun,
• Yongguang Zhang,
• Yuting Feng,
• Xin Wang,
• Indira Kurmanbayeva and
• Zhumabay Bakenov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1677–1685, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.159

• characterization Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD, SmartLab, Rigaku Corporation) with Cu Ka radiation was used to analyze the crystal structure of the S/ZnO@NCNT sample. The chemical status and elemental compositions of the sample were investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS, Shimadzu Axis Ultra

Sheet-on-belt branched TiO₂(B)/rGO powders with enhanced photocatalytic activity

• Huan Xing,
• Wei Wen and
• Jin-Ming Wu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1550–1557, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.146

• area and a favored charge separation, and hence, improved photocatalytic activity. Results and Discussion Figure 1 shows the X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of TiO2(B)/rGO nanobelt (designated as TGN for simplicity) and branched TiO2(B)/rGO nanobelt (TGN-branch 4 h, refer to the Experimental section

• TGN-branch x h, where x refers to the precipitation time in the precursor solution. Characterization The morphology was examined by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM, Hitachi S-4800) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM, JEM-2100). The X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns were

• using a liquid chromatography apparatus (Wufeng LC100, WondaCract ODS-2 column, China). X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of TiO2(B)/rGO nanobelts (TGN) and branched TiO2(B)/rGO nanobelts (TGN-branch 4 h). FESEM images of (a) pristine TiO2 nanobelts, (b) sample TGN, and (c, d) sample TGN-branch 4 h. (a

Induced smectic phase in binary mixtures of twist-bend nematogens

• Anamarija Knežević,
• Irena Dokli,
• Marin Sapunar,
• Suzana Šegota,
• Ute Baumeister and
• Andreja Lesac

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1297–1307, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.122

• ]. The N–NTB phase transition has been confirmed observing characteristic blocky texture from which polygon and rope textures developed. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements in both nematic phases show that the d value for the maxima of the inner scattering in the nematic phase is at about 1.4 nm for

Formation and development of nanometer-sized cybotactic clusters in bent-core nematic liquid crystalline compounds

• Yuri P. Panarin,
• Sithara P. Sreenilayam,
• Jagdish K. Vij,
• Anne Lehmann and
• Carsten Tschierske

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1288–1296, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.121

• community. A number of bent-core systems in their nematic phase were studied during the last decade and some of these were shown to exhibit biaxiality on a macroscopic scale using X-ray diffraction (XRD) [12][13] and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) [14]. In most studies, however, the long axes of the

Electrodeposition of reduced graphene oxide with chitosan based on the coordination deposition method

• Mingyang Liu,
• Yanjun Chen,
• Chaoran Qin,
• Zheng Zhang,
• Shuai Ma,
• Xiuru Cai,
• Xueqian Li and
• Yifeng Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1200–1210, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.111

• -GO was reduced by hydrazine hydrate to obtain the HACC-rGO. In our previous work, the structure and morphology of the resulting HACC-rGO have been characterized by infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) [29]. As shown in Figure 1b, the

Semi-automatic spray pyrolysis deposition of thin, transparent, titania films as blocking layers for dye-sensitized and perovskite solar cells

• Hana Krýsová,
• Josef Krýsa and
• Ladislav Kavan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1135–1145, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.105

• temperature, number of spray cycles and influence of the post-calcination step (in air at 500 °C for 1 h). The produced titania films were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) (PANanalytical X’Pert PRO, Cu Kα radiation, 1D XCelerator detector, PANanalytical B.V., Almelo, Netherlands), scanning electron

Single-crystalline FeCo nanoparticle-filled carbon nanotubes: synthesis, structural characterization and magnetic properties

• Rasha Ghunaim,
• Maik Scholz,
• Christine Damm,
• Bernd Rellinghaus,
• Rüdiger Klingeler,
• Bernd Büchner,
• Michael Mertig and
• Silke Hampel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1024–1034, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.95

• of the filling particles, and therefore, the magnetic properties. The samples were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The Fe–Co

Facile synthesis of a ZnO–BiOI p–n nano-heterojunction with excellent visible-light photocatalytic activity

• Mengyuan Zhang,
• Jiaqian Qin,
• Pengfei Yu,
• Bing Zhang,
• Mingzhen Ma,
• Xinyu Zhang and
• Riping Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 789–800, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.72

• examined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis as shown in the Figure 1. It is obvious that all the XRD patterns are in good agreement with the tetragonal BiOI (JCPDS card 73-2062) and the hexagonal ZnO (JCPDS card 36-1451) phases. Moreover, for ZnO/BiOI nanocomposites, the diffraction peaks of BiOI tend to

• without using the BiOI precursor, and the preparation of pure BiOI was also fabricated without using ZnO precursor, based on the method described by Yu et al. [57]. Characterization X-ray diffraction (XRD) was conducted on a Rigaku A/MAX-Rb system operated at 40 kV and 100 mA with Cu Kα radiation, with a

Surface-plasmon-enhanced ultraviolet emission of Au-decorated ZnO structures for gas sensing and photocatalytic devices

• T. Anh Thu Do,
• Truong Giang Ho,
• Thu Hoai Bui,
• Quang Ngan Pham,
• Hong Thai Giang,
• Thi Thu Do,
• Duc Van Nguyen and
• Dai Lam Tran

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 771–779, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.70

• quenching measurements shows that the Au-decorated ZnO structures exhibited an enhancement in electron−hole pair separation, which allows for superior photocatalytic activity. Results and Discussion X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of all samples are shown in Figure 1a. For both pure and Au-decorated ZnO, a

• all remaining solvent and residual impurities before carrying out further characterization. Structural characterization The crystalline structure and morphology of the as-deposited sub-micrometer ZnO spheres were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD, Bruker D8 Advance), SEM (FE-SEM, HITACHI S-4800

Heavy-metal detectors based on modified ferrite nanoparticles

• Urszula Klekotka,
• Ewelina Wińska,
• Elżbieta Zambrzycka-Szelewa,
• Dariusz Satuła and
• Beata Kalska-Szostko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 762–770, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.69

• metals Cd, Cu and Pb. The obtained nanoparticles were structurally characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Mössbauer spectroscopy. The amounts of Cd, Cu and Pb were measured out by atomic absorption spectroscopy

• in the detection experiments were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) (Agilent Technologies SuperNova diffractometer with micro-focused Mo Kα2 (λ = 0.713067 Å) radiation and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) (FEI Tecnai G2 X-TWIN 200 kV microscope). For TEM imaging the nanoparticles after

A review of carbon-based and non-carbon-based catalyst supports for the selective catalytic reduction of nitric oxide

• Shahreen Binti Izwan Anthonysamy,
• Syahidah Binti Afandi,
• Mehrnoush Khavarian and
• Abdul Rahman Bin Mohamed

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 740–761, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.68

• (TPR) X-ray diffraction (XRD) The dispersion of metal, particle size of the catalyst and original state of the metal on the SCR-NH3 supported catalysts can be characterised by the following techniques: transmission electron microscopy (TEM) scanning electron microscopy (SEM) X-ray diffraction (XRD) CO

Synthesis and characterization of two new TiO₂-containing benzothiazole-based imine composites for organic device applications

• Anna Różycka,
• Agnieszka Iwan,
• Krzysztof Artur Bogdanowicz,
• Michal Filapek,
• Natalia Górska,
• Damian Pociecha,
• Marek Malinowski,
• Patryk Fryń,
• Agnieszka Hreniak,
• Jakub Rysz,
• Paweł Dąbczyński and
• Monika Marzec

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 721–739, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.67

• physical parameters of titanium dioxide TiO2 powder was prepared via the sol–gel technique using titanium(IV) isopropoxide (TIPO) as a precursor as was fully described in our previous paper [34]. The obtained TiO2 powder exhibited an anatase form, which was confirmed from X-ray diffraction (XRD

Combined pulsed laser deposition and non-contact atomic force microscopy system for studies of insulator metal oxide thin films

• Daiki Katsube,
• Hayato Yamashita,
• Satoshi Abo and
• Masayuki Abe

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 686–692, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.63

• formed over a wide range. Furthermore, the spatial resolution in the vertical direction of the tapping AFM is high, so images of a single-atomic step-and-terrace structure for confirming the flatness of the surface can be obtained. Evaluation using X-ray diffraction (XRD) in ambient air is also effective

Perovskite-structured CaTiO₃ coupled with g-C₃N₄ as a heterojunction photocatalyst for organic pollutant degradation

• Ashish Kumar,
• Christian Schuerings,
• Suneel Kumar,
• Ajay Kumar and
• Venkata Krishnan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 671–685, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.62

• experiments. Characterization The purity, phase composition and structure of the resultant samples were identified by utilizing powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies using a Rigaku SmartLab 9 kW rotating anode diffractometer working in Bragg configuration with Ni-filtered Cu Ka irradiation (λ = 0.1542 nm) at

Sensing behavior of flower-shaped MoS₂ nanoflakes: case study with methanol and xylene

• Maryam Barzegar,
• Masoud Berahman and
• Azam Iraji zad

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 608–615, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.57

• for several times and then dried under vacuum at 45 °C overnight. Characterization X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns were obtained with an X-ray diffractometer (Shimadzu XRD-6000, Cu Kα radiation) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectra and sample morphology were characterized by field-emission

Towards 3D crystal orientation reconstruction using automated crystal orientation mapping transmission electron microscopy (ACOM-TEM)

• Aaron Kobler and
• Christian Kübel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 602–607, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.56

• results in an incomplete picture, which can lead to misinterpretation. Hence, a full 3D reconstruction is desirable to relate the internal structure of a volume (crystallite and phase boundaries) to properties (electrical, magnetic, mechanical, thermal). 3D reconstructions using X-ray diffraction (XRD

Anchoring Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles in a reduced graphene oxide aerogel matrix via polydopamine coating

• Błażej Scheibe,
• Radosław Mrówczyński,
• Natalia Michalak,
• Karol Załęski,
• Michał Matczak,
• Mateusz Kempiński,
• Zuzanna Pietralik,
• Mikołaj Lewandowski,
• Stefan Jurga and
• Feliks Stobiecki

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 591–601, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.55

• to 350 K. The magnetic hysteresis loops (M–H dependences) were measured at RT at a magnetic field varying between ±30 kOe. Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies of source materials were carried out to determine the crystallographic structure of the studies compounds. The diffractometer (PANalytical

Fabrication and photoactivity of ionic liquid–TiO₂ structures for efficient visible-light-induced photocatalytic decomposition of organic pollutants in aqueous phase

• Anna Gołąbiewska,
• Marta Paszkiewicz-Gawron,
• Aleksandra Sadzińska,
• Wojciech Lisowski,
• Ewelina Grabowska,
• Adriana Zaleska-Medynska and
• Justyna Łuczak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 580–590, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.54

• photocatalyst samples were dried and degassed in a sample cell at 200 °C for at least 2 h before the adsorption. The specific surface area of the photocatalysts was determined by the BET method. Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies of the photocatalyst samples were carried out using a RigakuMiniFlex 600 XRD

Electron interactions with the heteronuclear carbonyl precursor H₂FeRu₃(CO)₁₃ and comparison with HFeCo₃(CO)₁₂: from fundamental gas phase and surface science studies to focused electron beam induced deposition

• Ragesh Kumar T P,
• Paul Weirich,
• Lukas Hrachowina,
• Marc Hanefeld,
• Ragnar Bjornsson,
• Helgi Rafn Hrodmarsson,
• Sven Barth,
• D. Howard Fairbrother,
• Michael Huth and
• Oddur Ingólfsson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 555–579, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.53

• the X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements very well, this functional overestimated the threshold energies significantly, PBE0, on the other hand delivered threshold energies in good agreement with our experimental appearance energies. We thus use the threshold energies calculated at the PBE0 level of

Influence of the preparation method on the photocatalytic activity of Nd-modified TiO₂

• Patrycja Parnicka,
• Paweł Mazierski,
• Tomasz Grzyb,
• Wojciech Lisowski,
• Ewa Kowalska,
• Bunsho Ohtani,
• Adriana Zaleska-Medynska and
• Joanna Nadolna

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 447–459, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.43

• (SHT) methods. The as-prepared samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), BET surface area measurements, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), luminescence spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The photocatalytic activity of the

• , content of Nd, BET surface area and crystallite sizes. The amount of Nd precursor (0.25 mol %) was selected based on previous research [10][24]. Structural properties The X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique was used to determined the crystalline phase of pristine TiO2 and Nd-modified TiO2 NPs. The XRD

• /min followed by grinding to obtain the Nd-TiO2 powders. For comparison, TiO2 without Nd was prepared likewise. A description of the prepared photocatalysts is shown in Table 1. Characterization of Nd-TiO2 X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to determine and verify the crystalline structure of the

Engineering of oriented carbon nanotubes in composite materials

• Razieh Beigmoradi,
• Abdolreza Samimi and
• Davod Mohebbi-Kalhori

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 415–435, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.41

• on a substrate made of quartz [126]. Phase analysis methods In these methods, the crystal structure or the minerals in the material are identified. For example, the type and percentage of oxides contained in a sample can be identified and measured. The most famous phase analysis method is X-ray

• diffraction (XRD) spectroscopy. XRD is used to determine most of the properties of a crystal structure such as lattice constants, lattice geometry, recognition of unknown materials, crystalline phases, size of the crystal, single crystal orientation, stress and lattice defects [127][128][129]. This method is

Sugarcane juice derived carbon dot–graphitic carbon nitride composites for bisphenol A degradation under sunlight irradiation

• Lan Ching Sim,
• Jing Lin Wong,
• Chen Hong Hak,
• Jun Yan Tai,
• Kah Hon Leong and
• Pichiah Saravanan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 353–363, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.35

• revealed new signals for carbonyl and carboxyl groups originating from the CDs in CD/g-C3N4 composites while X-ray diffraction (XRD) results showed distortion of the host matrix after incorporating CDs into g-C3N4. Both analyses signified the interaction between g-C3N4 and CDs. The photoluminescence (PL

• degradation of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs). Bisphenol A (BPA) was chosen as a model pollutant under natural sunlight irradiation. Herein, the structural and optical properties of samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), photoluminescence

• lattice fringes of the CDs were found to be about 0.24 nm (Figure 1f), which correlated with the (100) in-plane lattice spacing of graphene [45]. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) Figure 2a shows the XRD patterns of all CD/g-C3N4 composites. A major diffraction

Synthesis and characterization of electrospun molybdenum dioxide–carbon nanofibers as sulfur matrix additives for rechargeable lithium–sulfur battery applications

• Ruiyuan Zhuang,
• Shanshan Yao,
• Maoxiang Jing,
• Xiangqian Shen,
• Jun Xiang,
• Tianbao Li,
• Kesong Xiao and
• Shibiao Qin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 262–270, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.28

• using an electrospinning technique followed by calcination, using sol–gel precursors and polyacrylonitrile (PAN) as a processing aid. The resulting samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy, Brunauer–Emmet–Teller (BET

• electrochemical performance than a pristine sulfur cathode. Results and Discussion Characterization of MoO2–CNFs X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of the as-prepared composite fibers calcined at various temperatures are presented in Figure 1a. Well-defined features appeared for the samples heated at 550 °C due to

• Supporting Information File 1. Materials characterization The crystalline phases of the samples were determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD, Rigaku D/Mmax 2500PC) using Cu Kα radiation (λ = 1.5406 Å). The average grain size (D) of the MoO2 nanoparticles was calculated using the Scherrer equation (D = 0.89λ

Dielectric properties of a bisimidazolium salt with dodecyl sulfate anion doped with carbon nanotubes

• Doina Manaila Maximean,
• Viorel Cîrcu and
• Constantin Paul Ganea

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 164–174, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.19

• characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR and IR spectroscopy. Its liquid crystalline properties were analyzed by polarizing optical microscopy (POM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies. The dielectric spectra of the ILC doped with different concentrations of carbon

Co-reductive fabrication of carbon nanodots with high quantum yield for bioimaging of bacteria

• Jiajun Wang,
• Xia Liu,
• Gesmi Milcovich,
• Tzu-Yu Chen,
• Edel Durack,
• Sarah Mallen,
• Yongming Ruan,
• Xuexiang Weng and
• Sarah P. Hudson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 137–145, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.16

• consistent with the (102), (100) and (002) diffraction planes, respectively, of sp2 graphitic carbon [28][29]. The corresponding particle size distribution histograms (Figure 1D–F) show the average diameter of the Sa, Sb and Se materials is 4.7 ± 1.0 nm, 2.2 ± 0.5 nm and 7.8 ± 1.8 nm, respectively. X-ray

• diffraction (XRD) was used to investigate the crystallinity of Sa, Sb and Se. As shown in Figure S2 in Supporting Information File 1, sample Sa and Se display a broad diffraction peak centered at around 22.7°, which is similar to the (002) lattice spacing for graphitic (sp2) carbon [30][31][32][33]. However