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Search for "thermal" in Full Text gives 1158 result(s) in Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology. Showing first 200.
Hydroxyapatite–bioglass nanocomposites: Structural, mechanical, and biological aspects
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1490–1504, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.123
- HA inhibits the thermal decomposition of HA and significantly enhances bending strength and fracture toughness [30]. It was shown as well that B2O3 in the phosphate glass composition increases its hardness and fracture toughness [31]. The doping of bioglasses with Zn and Ce has two effects. On the
- glass preparation comprised the following steps: (i) Preparation of raw materials, that is, the reagents were introduced in H3PO4 solution under continuous stirring. (ii) Drying of the mixture on an electrical heating plate at 130–140 °C. (iii) Thermal treatment of mixture, that is, the dried mixture
- (Figure 3 f), due to the non-uniform thermal expansion during the sintering at higher temperature. Vickers microhardness and deformation peculiarities Figure 5 shows the microhardness (H) as function of the load (P) applied to the Vickers indenter for HAP- and HAG-based composites. The obtained results
Structural studies and selected physical investigations of LiCoO2 obtained by combustion synthesis
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1473–1482, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.121
- [42], thermal decomposition [43], or microwave synthesis [44][45][46][47] have been used. Wet chemical synthesis allows for molecular-level mixing of the starting components, resulting in a very homogeneous product comprising fine particles and a large surface area. The stoichiometry of the product
- analysis, (ii) morphology (size and distribution of grains) by using SEM, (iii) specific surface area (SSA) by carrying out Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) measurements, (iv) oxidation states of metals by measuring electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), and (v) electrical parameters (thermal dependencies of
- increasing temperature as the size of the crystallites increases. Electrical studies showed that conductivity strongly depends on the synthesis temperature. The samples obtained at the highest temperature had lower (more than one magnitude) conductivity. Strong thermal hysteresis is observed in all samples
Facile preparation of Au- and BODIPY-grafted lipid nanoparticles for synergized photothermal therapy
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1432–1444, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.118
- changes of water, BDP, Au-LNPs, and AB-LNPs with a BDP concentration of 100 μM and a Au concentration of 100 μM with laser irradiation (680 nm, 0.5 W/cm2) were also recorded for 10 min. The temperature of the samples for photothermal conversion measurements was recorded by an infrared thermal camera
- ) were consistent in each cycle, indicating the excellent photothermal stability of AB-LNPs. Thermal images of water, BDP, Au-LNPs, and AB-LNPs under laser irradiation (680 nm, 0.5 W/cm2) were shown in Figure 2e, which also demonstrated the best photothermal effects of AB-LNPs. The results proved that
- platform to deliver both AuNPs and BODIPY dye for synergized PTT. To our knowledge, this is the first report about using LNPs as carriers for the co-delivery of gold nanoclusters and BODIPY, the first investigation of the synergistic thermal effects of gold nanoclusters and BODIPY, and the first
Recent trends in Bi-based nanomaterials: challenges, fabrication, enhancement techniques, and environmental applications
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1316–1336, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.109
- also reported. The Fenelon group successfully fabricated SnO2 and Bi2S3–Bi25 composites via a facile hydrothermal technique followed by thermal breakdown [27]. The photocatalytic performance of the fabricated ternary composite photocatalyst was 2.75 times higher than that of pristine Bi2S3 for the
Enhanced electronic transport properties of Te roll-like nanostructures
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1284–1291, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.106
- cm2/Vs at 5 K. The thermal ionization of shallow acceptors, with small ionization energy between 2 and 4 meV, leads to free-hole conduction at high temperatures. The free-hole mobility follows a negative power-law temperature behavior, with an exponent between −1.28 and −1.42, indicating strong phonon
Studies of probe tip materials by atomic force microscopy: a review
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1256–1267, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.104
- the thermal noise method when prepared in the chamber, after which FC is obtained on the substrate to measure the deflection sensitivity, and the position of the loading point is measured by optical microscopy when the sphere is attached. The process of calibrating the kTL into the manifold is shown
Role of titanium and organic precursors in molecular layer deposition of “titanicone” hybrid materials
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1240–1255, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.103
- thermal stability for GL-based titanicones as well [30]. Ti(DMA)4 is another Ti-based inorganic precursor that was investigated as an alternative to TiCl4 as the titanium precursor. Ti(DMA)4 was combined with EG and GL to deposit titanicone films in a temperature range from 80 °C to 160 °C on an Si
- substrate with 100 nm thermal oxide. In situ ellipsometry revealed for EG-based titanicones that the growth initiates but terminates after only 5 to 10 cycles, while for GL-based titanicones the growth proceeds and films have a GPC of 0.9 Å/cycle to 0.2 Å/cycle as the temperature increases. This is due to
- widely used in ALD for the deposition of TiO2 and TiN films by thermal and plasma-enhanced processes [35][36]. As described above, TiCl4 and Ti(DMA)4 were successfully employed in MLD of titanicone films [30][33]. While TiCl4 is a small halide molecule that has Ti–Cl bonds, Ti(DMA)4 is a bulkier molecule
Rapid fabrication of MgO@g-C3N4 heterojunctions for photocatalytic nitric oxide removal
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1141–1154, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.96
- are different approaches to mitigate NO pollution, including catalyst/non-catalyst [4], oxidation [5], bioprocesses [6], adsorption [7], absorption [8], and non-thermal plasma technologies [9]. Photocatalytic oxidation is considered a promising approach due to its ability to degrade various air
A cantilever-based, ultrahigh-vacuum, low-temperature scanning probe instrument for multidimensional scanning force microscopy
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1120–1140, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.95
- nitrogen (LN2) container and an additional heat shield, which is passively cooled by the evaporating He gases of the LHe tank (Figure 2a). The microscope is surrounded by two shields (a Au-plated oxygen-free high thermal conductivity (OFHC) copper LHe shield and an Al LN2 shield) of which there is an inner
- minimized and the design has to be kept as symmetrical as possible to reduce thermal drift; third, the design must allow for a precise adjustment of the pressure of the sliders towards the sapphire rails for the xy-directions. All these conditions can be fulfilled with a concentric design, where the shear
- stacks and sliders with temperature are at least partially compensated by those of the scan piezo. Together with the highly symmetric design along the x and y axes, this further reduces the thermal drift. Moreover, any mechanical excitation of the instrument, for example, from floor or acoustic
Green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles toward highly efficient photocatalysis and antibacterial application
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1108–1119, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.94
- microscopy (HR-TEM) on a JEOL JEM-2100. The thermal decomposition of zinc resinate to form ZnO NPs were studied by thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential thermal analysis (DTA) curves using thermal gravimetric analysis (DSC131, LABSYS TG/DSC1600, TMv), by heating up to 1000 °C at a heating rate
Recent advances in green carbon dots (2015–2022): synthesis, metal ion sensing, and biological applications
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1068–1107, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.93
- emitting CDs [48]. A new type of fluorescent CDs from the flowers of Borassus flabellifer (male tree) through a green thermal pyrolysis method without adding any chemicals was synthesized [59]. A high QY of up to 13.97% was obtained at an optimized temperature of 300 °C. Hoan et al. used lemon juice to
Spindle-like MIL101(Fe) decorated with Bi2O3 nanoparticles for enhanced degradation of chlortetracycline under visible-light irradiation
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1038–1050, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.91
- cavities, and excellent thermal stability [20][21]. These advantages make it appalling to adsorption [22], gaseous capture/separation [23], sensing [24], and drug release applications [25]. Moreover, some MOFs can be excited under UV or visible light and exhibit light harvesting properties due to ligand
Analytical and numerical design of a hybrid Fabry–Perot plano-concave microcavity for hexagonal boron nitride
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1030–1037, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.90
- . Afterwards an 80 nm silver layer could be added, by thermal evaporative deposition, on top of the concave shape polymer to ensure a high reflectivity inside our microcavity. When designing the concave shape polymer a small rectangular aperture at its edge must be taken into account in the fabrication step
Numerical study on all-optical modulation characteristics of quantum cascade lasers
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1011–1019, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.88
- have been reported, including thermal [8], electrical [9], acousto-optic [10], Faraday rotation effect spectroscopy [11], and all-optical methods [12]. The unipolar characteristics of QCLs provide them with unique advantages for all-optical modulation. All-optical modulation can avoid parasitic effects
Influence of water contamination on the sputtering of silicon with low-energy argon ions investigated by molecular dynamics simulations
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 986–1003, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.86
- potential well in the order of a few meV, which makes it rather difficult for the fit to precisely match the well. However, this is not problematic as the potential well is in the order of magnitude of thermal vibrations and its impact on the outcome of the simulations is small. The fits match the repulsive
- for more details). The 0.94 < µ < 1 interval describes a region where no defects are present. Changes in µ are due to variations in bond length coming from thermal vibrations around the equilibrium bond length. This region is crystalline. The 0.89 < µ < 0.94 interval describes regions that contain
Design of a biomimetic, small-scale artificial leaf surface for the study of environmental interactions
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 944–957, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.83
- composition play significant roles. Here, the ability of self-assembly of wax after isolation from the leaves was used to develop a small-scale wax-coated artificial leaf surface with the chemical composition and wettability of wheat (Triticum aestivum) leaves. By thermal evaporation of extracted plant waxes
- prerequisite for the applicability of the artificial surface as bio-inspired leaf surface, it was defined that the artificial surface needs to have a homogeneous coating and uniform wettability. Previous recrystallization studies have shown that a homogeneous coating can be produced by thermal evaporation [40
- comparison of the native wax with the wax recrystallized after thermal evaporation, we could show that the wax still had the same chemical composition as the wax on the native leaves. In the wax precipitate on glass, the same substances were detected in the same amounts as in the wax that was vaporized
Comparing the performance of single and multifrequency Kelvin probe force microscopy techniques in air and water
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 922–943, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.82
- forces in KPFM is generally expressed as the minimum detectable CPD [53], and is directly limited by the geometry of the interaction, thermal noise of the cantilever, and the detection noise limits of the AFM [36][54]. Cantilevers have a number of eigenmodes, ωn, where there is a mechanical enhancement
- cantilever. Under small amplitude conditions the tip can be positioned very close to the surface and as such there is an advantage in increasing the spatial resolution. The trade-off here is that the SNR will be small as the mechanical amplitude approaches the thermal noise limits of the cantilever. In
Bioselectivity of silk protein-based materials and their bio-inspired applications
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 902–921, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.81
- coatings through fluorous media-assisted thermal treatment of stable, hydrophilic protein films [75]. One prominent natural route to prevent the colonization and infection with microbes on cells, tissues, and material surfaces is to block adhesion of bacteria and inhibit attachment to host cells. Microbial
Efficiency of electron cooling in cold-electron bolometers with traps
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 896–901, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.80
- just a refrigerator. One of the possible solutions of the problem is the on-chip electron cooling, which creates a drain of thermal energy from small detecting elements with the help of tunneling electrons. Cold-electron bolometers (CEBs) [1][2][3] have high potential to improve the electron cooling
Solar-light-driven LaFexNi1−xO3 perovskite oxides for photocatalytic Fenton-like reaction to degrade organic pollutants
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 882–895, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.79
- , methylene blue, and rhodamine B under visible light irradiation. Their optimal sample was LaFe0.85Cu0.15O3, which could remove dyes much more efficiently due to more generation of hydroxyl radicals than pure LaFeO3 [31]. Ni-doped LaFeO3 was ubiquitously employed as a photo/thermal catalyst or a catalyst
DNA aptamer selection and construction of an aptasensor based on graphene FETs for Zika virus NS1 protein detection
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 873–881, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.78
- -fidelity PCR buffer. PCR thermocycling was performed as described above. Conventional and asymmetric PCR reactions were carried out in a Veriti thermal cycler (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA). PCR amplification was verified by electrophoresis on 2% agarose gels (in tris–borate–EDTA buffer) stained
Self-assembly of C60 on a ZnTPP/Fe(001)–p(1 × 1)O substrate: observation of a quasi-freestanding C60 monolayer
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 857–864, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.76
- measurements and for modeling by ab initio calculations. Periodic and compact films are generally obtained when the molecules possess enough surface mobility, that is, when the diffusion energy (Ed) is low compared to the thermal energy kBT, where T is the substrate temperature and kB is the Boltzmann constant
Temperature and chemical effects on the interfacial energy between a Ga–In–Sn eutectic liquid alloy and nanoscopic asperities
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 817–827, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.72
- force–distance curve with each cantilever on a quartz glass sample (manufactured by Goodfellow, United Kingdom) and extracting its slope in the range of repulsive forces. Subsequently, we determined the bending stiffness Cn of each cantilever by analyzing its thermal noise vibration [18]. After
- + Adγ* or which allows for a correlation of the thermal sensitivity of the surface or interfacial tension with the surface or interfacial entropy According to [27][28], the temperature sensitivity of the surface energy of simple metallic melts depends on the change of the cohesion energy with
- temperature and, thus, scales with their molar area and thermal expansion coefficient. The surface tension of the eutectic Ga–In–Sn liquid at the melting point has been reported to = 587 mN/m. Since the surface tension originates from the imbalanced bonding of atoms at the liquid–vapor interface [29], it
Optimizing PMMA solutions to suppress contamination in the transfer of CVD graphene for batch production
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 796–806, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.70
- depolymerize due to strong van der Waals and London attractive forces among the long polymer chains [13]. It must also be considered that thermal treatments can often be counterproductive as they intensify polymerization, harden the PMMA residues, and complicate the removal. Therefore, the way toward clean
- a low-pressure CVD system (CVD First Nano, EasyTube 3000). A 25 µm thick annealed Cu foil (Alfa Aesar, purity 99.8%), serving as a metal catalyst, was placed in a graphite enclosed cavity during the whole process. The temperature for annealing and growth was kept stable at 1040 °C by PID thermal
- transfer process. Following this method, the Cu substrate with graphene was first oxidized in ambient air on a hot plate at 200 °C for 2 min. The graphene film on the Cu substrate serves as a protection layer, preventing the underlying Cu surface from oxidation because of its high chemical/thermal
Gelatin nanoparticles with tunable mechanical properties: effect of crosslinking time and loading
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 778–787, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.68
- actual sensitivity and the spring constant of the used cantilever were calibrated on a cleaned silica wafer by the thermal noise method by Hutter et al. [27] using a correction factor of 0.251. The data was acquired using the quantitative imaging mode (QI™) with image sizes of 5 × 5 µm and a resolution
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