Pyridinoacridine alkaloids of marine origin: NMR and MS spectral data, synthesis, biosynthesis and biological activity

• Louis P. Sandjo,
• Victor Kuete and
• Maique W. Biavatti

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2015, 11, 1667–1699, doi:10.3762/bjoc.11.183

• furan ring, respectively (Scheme 9) [70]. Analogues (50–55) shown in Scheme 10 are based on the meridine (56) structure but contain a pyridophenanthrolinone scaffold instead of a benzopyridophenanthrolinone as the natural product. In addition they have a tetracyclic core instead of being pentacyclic

Selected synthetic strategies to cyclophanes

• Sambasivarao Kotha,
• Mukesh E. Shirbhate and
• Gopalkrushna T. Waghule

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2015, 11, 1274–1331, doi:10.3762/bjoc.11.142

• synthesis of polyunsaturated [10]paracyclophane annulated by two azulene rings by using the McMurry reaction [100][101]. The bis(trimethylsilyl)enol ether 74 was reacted with 3-methoxycarbonyl-2H-cyclohepta[b]furan-2-one (75) in refluxing decaline to generate the 1,4-diazulenobenzene derivative 76. Double

A new and efficient procedure for the synthesis of hexahydropyrimidine-fused 1,4-naphthoquinones

• Marcelo Isidoro P. Reis,
• Vinícius R. Campos,
• Jackson A. L. C. Resende,
• Fernando C. Silva and
• Vitor F. Ferreira

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2015, 11, 1235–1240, doi:10.3762/bjoc.11.137

• naphthoquinones (Figure 1) such as naphtho[2,3-b]furan [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14], naphtho-pyran [15][16][17][18], benzo[f]indole [19][20][21][22][23][24], benzo[g]quinolone [25], benzo[b]carbazole [26], naphtho[2,3-b]thiophene [27][28][29][30][31][32][33] and naphtho[2,3-b]]oxazole [34] have been

• pyrrole-, furan- and thiophene-fused naphthoquinones [36]. For several years, our group has been interested in developing new synthetic methods for the preparation of heterocycle-fused 1,4-naphthoquinones or heterocycle-tethered 1,4-naphthoquinones. 1,3-Quinazolines are nitrogenated heterocycles that are

Novel carbocationic rearrangements of 1-styrylpropargyl alcohols

• Christine Basmadjian,
• Fan Zhang and
• Laurent Désaubry

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2015, 11, 1017–1022, doi:10.3762/bjoc.11.114

• examined. In the course of these studies, numerous scaffolds were synthesized, including a furan, a cyclopentenone, an acyclic enone and even a naphthalenone. The diversity of these structural motifs lies in novel cascades of reactions originating from a common carbocationic manifold. Keywords

• improved the yield to 44% (which is superior to the overall yield of the previous three steps synthesis). Along with cyclopentenone 4, we observed the formation of furan 13 (27% isolated yield). The proposed mechanism for this reaction is shown in Scheme 4. Both 4 and 13 are expected to arise through the

• intermediate 12 that undergoes an oxo-cyclization to afford an oxonium en route to furan 13 (pathway B). Alternatively, intermediate 12 may result from the allylic [1,3]-transposition of a perrhenate ester [10]. Replacement of the highly electron-donating 2,4,6-trimethoxyphenyl group by a 4-chlorophenyl

Electrochemical selenium- and iodonium-initiated cyclisation of hydroxy-functionalised 1,4-dienes

• Philipp Röse,
• Steffen Emge,
• Jun-ichi Yoshida and
• Gerhard Hilt

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2015, 11, 174–183, doi:10.3762/bjoc.11.18

• products. The PhSe+ cation could interact with the 1,1-disubstituted double bond and nucleophilic attack could lead to oxiran- or oxetan-type products. On the other hand, the interaction of the PhSe+ ion with the 1,2-disubstituted double bond would lead to the furan-type products 3 or alternatively to

Palladium-catalyzed 2,5-diheteroarylation of 2,5-dibromothiophene derivatives

• Fatma Belkessam,
• Aidene Mohand,
• Jean-François Soulé,
• Abdelhamid Elias and
• Henri Doucet

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 2912–2919, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.309

• et al. [38]. A fluorescent π-conjugate thiophene derivative bearing spiro[fluorene-9,4’-[4H]indeno[1,2-b]furan] substituents at C2 and C5 has been prepared in 46% yield by this reaction using Pd(OAc)2 (5 mol %) associated to PPh3 (10 mol %) as catalytic system [39]. A pyrrole derivative was coupled

• degradation products. The use of 6 equiv of thiophene allowed the formation of 2,2':5',2"-terthiophene (7) in 85% yield. The reactivity of three furan derivatives was also studied using PdCl(C3H5)(dppb) as the catalyst. From 2-n-butylfuran, 8 was obtained in 79% yield, whereas 2-acetylfuran and methyl 2

Copper-promoted hydration and annulation of 2-fluorophenylacetylene derivatives: from alkynes to benzo[b]furans and benzo[b]thiophenes

• Yibiao Li,
• Liang Cheng,
• Xiaohang Liu,
• Bin Li and
• Ning Sun

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 2886–2891, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.305

• reaction and its application in the synthesis of benzo[b]furan and benzo[b]thiophene derivatives is presented starting from readily available 2-fluorophenylacetylene derivatives. The key annulation step involves the hydration of the C–F bond of 2-fluorophenylacetylene derivatives followed by an

• intramolecular annulation to afford benzo[b]furan and benzo[b]thiophene derivatives. Moreover, structurally important 2,2'-bisbenzofuran scaffolds are provided in good yields. Keywords: annulation; benzo[b]furan; C–F activation; copper-promoted; heterocycle; Introduction The development of general and

• efficient methodologies for the synthesis of complex heterocycle skeletons has received much attention in the past decades. Among the most ubiquitous heterocyclic moieties in natural and bioactive products are the benzo[b]furan and benzo[b]thiophene units [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. Despite the existence of

Gold(I)-catalysed synthesis of a furan analogue of thiamine pyrophosphate

• Amjid Iqbal,
• El-Habib Sahraoui and
• Finian J. Leeper

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 2580–2585, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.270

• Amjid Iqbal El-Habib Sahraoui Finian J. Leeper University of Cambridge, Department of Chemistry, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, U.K. 10.3762/bjoc.10.270 Abstract An analogue of thiamine having a furan ring in place of the thiazolium ring has been synthesised by a short and efficient route

• , involving gold(I)-catalysed cyclisation of an alkynyl alcohol to form the furan ring. The furan analogue of thiamine diphosphate (ThDP) was also made and tested for binding to and inhibition of pyruvate decarboxylase (PDC) from Zymomonas mobilis (overexpressed in E. coli with a N-terminal His-tag). It is a

• very strong inhibitor, with a Ki value of 32.5 pM. It was also shown that the furan analogue of thiamine can be functionalised at the C-2 position, which will allow access to mimics of reaction intermediates of various ThDP-dependent enzymes. Keywords: furan synthesis; gold-catalysed cyclisation

Total synthesis of the proposed structure of astakolactin

• Takayuki Tonoi,
• Keisuke Mameda,
• Moe Fujishiro,
• Yutaka Yoshinaga and
• Isamu Shiina

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 2421–2427, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.252

• sesterterpenoid bearing a furan unit and an eight-membered lactone tethered by a non-conjugated triene chain (Figure 1). Although the proposed structure of compound 1 is unusual, given that a number of compounds isolated from sponges of the same species have a steroid-like structure [7][8][9], the structure does

Photochemical approach to functionalized benzobicyclo[3.2.1]octene structures via fused oxazoline derivatives from 4- and 5-(o-vinylstyryl)oxazoles

• Ivana Šagud,
• Simona Božić,
• Željko Marinić and
• Marija Šindler-Kulyk

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 2222–2229, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.230

• formation of the photoproducts 8 and 10 can be explained by intramolecular cycloaddition and formation of resonance stabilized biradicals A/A’ followed by the 1,6-ring closure (Scheme 4). An 1,3-H shift, as in furan and thiophene derivatives [6], and rearomatization to fused oxazole derivatives B/B’ is not

Chiral phosphines in nucleophilic organocatalysis

• Yumei Xiao,
• Zhanhu Sun,
• Hongchao Guo and
• Ohyun Kwon

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 2089–2121, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.218

• F1, but-3-yn-2-one reacted with a series of N-protected isatins in ethyl ether at −20 °C to afford enantioenriched spiro[furan-2,3´-indoline]-2´,4(5H)-diones with good to excellent ee's, albeit moderate yields. 2.7 [4 + 2] Annulations of allenes with activated imines Compared with phosphine-catalyzed

Palladium-catalysed cyclisation of alkenols: Synthesis of oxaheterocycles as core intermediates of natural compounds

• Miroslav Palík,
• Jozef Kožíšek,
• Peter Koóš and
• Tibor Gracza

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 2077–2086, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.216

• with the furan compound 52 (Table 1, entry 4). The furan derivative 52 in this reaction was probably formed through a monocyclisation, followed by β-H−-elimination and aromatisation. In the case of substrate 13 having an unprotected α-hydroxy group, the reaction provided only a mixture of unidentified

Synthesis of 2-substituted tryptophans via a C3- to C2-alkyl migration

• Michele Mari,
• Simone Lucarini,
• Francesca Bartoccini,
• Giovanni Piersanti and
• Gilberto Spadoni

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 1991–1998, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.207

• -substituted tryptophan was observed (Table 2, entry 6). For indoles containing 3-heterobenzyl substituents, the results were conflicting. Whereas 3-(furan-2-ylmethyl)indole (1g) did not react under the usual reaction conditions (Table 2, entry 7), bis(indol-3-yl)methane (1h) provided the desired product in an

Olefin cross metathesis based de novo synthesis of a partially protected L-amicetose and a fully protected L-cinerulose derivative

• Bernd Schmidt and
• Sylvia Hauke

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 1023–1031, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.102

• and subsequent hydrogenation and reductive 6-deoxygenation [21][22]. Successful de novo approaches [14] to both enantiomers of amicetose include an Achmatowicz rearrangement–hydrogenation sequence, starting from enantiomerically pure 2-(1-hydroxyethyl)furan [23][24][25], a sequence comprising

• product 8 to a fully protected acyclic cinerulose derivative. We are aware of only one previous de novo synthesis of DL-cinerulose, which used an Achmatowicz rearrangement of 2-(1-hydroxyethyl)furan [45]. Results and Discussion The three second generation catalysts A [46], B [47][48] and C [49][50] were

• benzoylation in pyridine resulted exclusively in the formation of furan 10 (Table 2, entry 1). We reasoned that pyridine initiates an E/Z-isomerization of the enal through nucleophilic attack at the β-position, followed by lactol formation, benzoylation of the lactol and finally elimination of benzoic acid

Visible-light-induced, Ir-catalyzed reactions of N-methyl-N-((trimethylsilyl)methyl)aniline with cyclic α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds

• Dominik Lenhart and
• Thorsten Bach

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 890–896, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.86

• reactions to the parent furan-2(5H)-one (9) and was conducted with a set of eight visible light lamps (Osram L 8W/640 cool white) [48]. A screen of potential catalysts (see Supporting Information File 2 for further details) in CH2Cl2 as the solvent (c = 0.1 M) revealed that [Ir(ppy)2(bpy)]BF4 (ppy

• the fact that oxidation of the putative intermediate B is required, which seems to occur at the expense of the substrate. If a suitable compound was found to adapt the role of an ancillary oxidant, yields could possibly be improved. PET-catalyzed addition of N,N-dimethylaniline (1) to furan-2(5H)-one

Aza-Diels–Alder reaction between N-aryl-1-oxo-1H-isoindolium ions and tert-enamides: Steric effects on reaction outcome

• Amitabh Jha,
• Ting-Yi Chou,
• Zainab ALJaroudi,
• Bobby D. Ellis and
• T. Stanley Cameron

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 848–857, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.81

• procedures involved the use of the Diels–Alder reaction on a furan ring to synthesize isoindoloquinoline derivatives [22][23][24][25]. Reaction of methallylmagnesium chloride with furyl aldimines produced furan-substituted N-aryl homoallylamines which reacted with maleic anhydride to undergo amide formation

Domino reactions of 2H-azirines with acylketenes from furan-2,3-diones: Competition between the formation of ortho-fused and bridged heterocyclic systems

• Alexander F. Khlebnikov,
• Mikhail S. Novikov,
• Viktoriia V. Pakalnis,
• Roman O. Iakovenko and
• Dmitry S. Yufit

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 784–793, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.74

• ]. In particular, unsubstituted acylketenes, the reactivity of which towards azirines is until now unknown, cannot be generated from diazo compounds. An alternative source of acylketenes can be furan-2,3-diones, which have been used in reactions with nucleophiles and various cycloadditions [30][31][32

• ]. Aiming to broaden the scope of the reaction of acylketenes with 2H-azirines we tried to use furan-2,3-diones instead of diazo compounds as the source of ketenes. Results and Discussion Unexpectedly, with a new source of acylketenes in addition to predictable products (derivatives of 5,7-dioxa-1

• -azabicyclo[4.4.1]undeca-3,8-diene) derivatives of 4,11-dioxa-1,8-diazatricyclo[8.4.0.03,8]tetradeca-5,12-diene, a new heterocyclic system, were formed. Boiling a benzene solution of furan-2,3-dione 1a and azirine 2a (1:1) for 0.5 h gave a mixture of compounds 3a–5a, which were isolated by column

Rapid pseudo five-component synthesis of intensively blue luminescent 2,5-di(hetero)arylfurans via a Sonogashira–Glaser cyclization sequence

• Fabian Klukas,
• Alexander Grunwald,
• Franziska Menschel and
• Thomas J. J. Müller

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 672–679, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.60

• -position (2d, 2g, 2o) are well tolerated. Polar substituents like alcohols (2k) can also be employed in the sequence. From the literature it is known that the naturally occurring compound 2h [16][17] and 2,5-bis(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)furan (2g) are highly biological active [39]. Compound 2k is

• in a one-pot fashion, which opens a ready access to biologically active furan derivatives. In addition the investigation of the photophysical properties of these compounds reveals an intense blue luminescence in solution approaching unity for the fluorescence quantum yield Φf of distinct derivatives

Concise, stereodivergent and highly stereoselective synthesis of cis- and trans-2-substituted 3-hydroxypiperidines – development of a phosphite-driven cyclodehydration

• Peter H. Huy,
• Julia C. Westphal and
• Ari M. P. Koskinen

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 369–383, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.35

• ). Interestingly, the ketones 7a–d existed in an equilibrium with their cyclic hemiacetal tautomers as shown in Scheme 2. The predominant keto form possessed a clear singlet around 205–210 ppm for the quaternary carbonyl carbon and the furan form was indicated by two weak signals at 105–110 ppm for the hemiacetal

• 68% yield in Et3N/CH2Cl2 in a 1:1.3 ratio, while a 1:3 solvent mixture gave 11c in only 22% yield (Table 2, entries 13–15). Indeed, the furan 13h (see Table 2) resulting from nucleophilic substitution of the primary (activated) OH-function through the secondary hydroxy group of 9c formed in

• of 14a (ca. 1:1 ratio of its epimers) forms an equilibrium with its ketone tautomer in a 1.8:1 ratio. In contrast to hydroxyketones 7a–d the furan tautomer of 14a is thermodynamically more stable than the keto form. This might be rationalized by a lower steric strain in the heterocyclic form due to

Recent applications of the divinylcyclopropane–cycloheptadiene rearrangement in organic synthesis

• Sebastian Krüger and
• Tanja Gaich

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 163–193, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.14

• -protected alcohol 152. Addition of methyllithium at low temperature [133] resulted in stereoselective conjugate attachment of the required methyl group. Deprotection of the alcohol and transformation into a suitable leaving group yielded tosylate 153. Next, the furan was cleaved oxidatively, the resulting

Synthesis of five- and six-membered cyclic organic peroxides: Key transformations into peroxide ring-retaining products

• Alexander O. Terent'ev,
• Dmitry A. Borisov,
• Vera A. Vil’ and
• Valery M. Dembitsky

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 34–114, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.6

• -yl)acetate (141) from the furan derivative (E)-methyl 5-hydroperoxy-5-(5-methylfuran-2-yl)pent-2-enoate (140) (Scheme 33) [264]. A simple method was developed for the synthesis of cyclopropane-containing oxodioxolanes 143a–j and is based on the hydroperoxidation of tertiary alcohols 142a–j in an

Synthesis and determination of the absolute configuration of (−)-(5R,6Z)-dendrolasin-5-acetate from the nudibranch Hypselodoris jacksoni

• I. Wayan Mudianta,
• Victoria L. Challinor,
• Anne E. Winters,
• Karen L. Cheney,
• James J. De Voss and
• Mary J. Garson

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2013, 9, 2925–2933, doi:10.3762/bjoc.9.329

• . Compound 1, [α]D −53 (c 0.006, CHCl3), displayed a (+)-HRESIMS ion adduct at m/z 299.1624 [M + Na]+ consistent with the molecular formula C17H24O3. The 1H NMR spectrum (CDCl3, 500 MHz) of 1 showed diagnostic signals for a furan [δH 7.33 (1H), 7.23 (1H), 6.27 (1H); δC 142.7, 140.1, 111.8] along with two

• that in 1 was shifted to δH 5.64 (brdt, J = 6.4, 9.3 Hz, 1H). The gCOSY spectrum of 1 showed cross peaks from H-5 to H-4/H-6, between the furan signals H-1/H-2 and between H-8/H-9/H-10. The H-5 proton was attached to an oxymethine carbon at δC 70.7 based on HSQC data and showed HMBC correlations to

• . The overall synthesis (Scheme 1) was adapted from Tsubuki et al. [21]. Furan-3-ylmethanol (4) was prepared in 78% yield by reduction of 2-furoic acid with LiAlH4 in dry diethyl ether, whereas geranyl bromide (5) was obtained through bromination of geraniol with carbon tetrabromide and

Studies toward bivalent κ opioids derived from salvinorin A: heteromethylation of the furan ring reduces affinity

• Thomas A. Munro,
• Wei Xu,
• Douglas M. Ho,
• Lee-Yuan Liu-Chen and
• Bruce M. Cohen

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2013, 9, 2916–2924, doi:10.3762/bjoc.9.328

• appended H-bond donors to the furan ring of 1. (Dimethylamino)methyl groups at C-15 or C-16 abolished affinity for κ-OR. Hydroxymethylation at C-16 was tolerated, but 15,16-bis-hydroxymethylation was not. Since allosteric modulators may go undetected in binding assays, we also tested these and other low

• affinity for opioid receptors [1]. In particular, most modifications of the furan ring tested to date dramatically reduce affinity for κ-OR [1], although small substituents at C-16 have little effect (Figure 1). Unexpectedly, epimerization at C-12, inverting the configuration of the furan ring, reduces

• attachment point and linker for this second moiety would also be required. Docking 1 to an early rhodopsin-based homology model of κ-OR, Kane proposed a binding pose qualitatively similar to that of the HPP moiety of JDTic, placing the furan ring near Tyr3207.43 [8][18]. Indeed, at the time we commenced our

SF002-96-1, a new drimane sesquiterpene lactone from an Aspergillus species, inhibits survivin expression

• Silke Felix,
• Louis P. Sandjo,
• Till Opatz and
• Gerhard Erkel

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2013, 9, 2866–2876, doi:10.3762/bjoc.9.323

• R, S, R, S, and R, at C-1, C-5, C-6, C-9, and C-10, respectively. The foregoing data led to identify SF002-96-1 as (5R,5aS,9R,9aR,9bS)-9,9b-dihydroxy-6,6,9a-trimethyl-3-oxo-1,3,5,5a,6,7,8,9,9a,9b-decahydronaphtho[1,2-c]furan-5-yl hexanoate. Biological activity For the identification of active

Gold(I)-catalyzed domino cyclization for the synthesis of polyaromatic heterocycles

• Mathieu Morin,
• Patrick Levesque and
• Louis Barriault

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2013, 9, 2625–2628, doi:10.3762/bjoc.9.297

• = H) and furan 11g (R1 = Ph and R2 = H) were effectively transformed to the desired carbazole 12f and benzofuran 12g in 95% yields. It can be noticed that large substituents at R1 and R2 did not affect the efficiency of the reaction. The gold(I)-catalyzed cyclization of 11h (R1 = R2 = Ph) and 11i (R1