Halogenated azobenzene acrylates: from efficient solution photoswitching to stable solid-state photochromic materials

• Martina Vachtlová,
• Michaela Fecková,
• Vítězslav Zima,
• Jan Podlesný,
• Milan Klikar,
• Oldřich Pytela,
• Patrik Pařík,
• Jakub Opršal,
• Eliška Juhaňáková,
• Veronika Chrtová and
• Filip Bureš

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2026, 22, 782–794, doi:10.3762/bjoc.22.60

• a very useful tool to tune the thermal and optical properties, light-induced switching in particular. Monohalogen derivatives exhibited up to 93% E → Z photoconversion efficiency in solution, whereas the efficiency of dihalogen analogues is lower by 20%, which is ascribed to their nonplanar

• for over 90 days. These findings demonstrate that ortho-halogenation is a powerful tool for tuning the properties of photoresponsive materials for potential applications in colorimetric thermal sensing and light-controlled functional systems. Keywords: azobenzene; E/Z isomerization; halogen

• solid-state E/Z isomerization [8][9]. Azobenzene was also incorporated into the structure of liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs) [10][11], where UV-light curing increases thermally induced LCE film actuation or even locks the film in a specific shape during flipping [10]. The phenomenon of photoactuation

Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of FXR/ASK1 dual-target modulators

• Xi Zhang,
• Jingyan Wang,
• Ziqiang Zhao,
• Caiyi Wang,
• Zenghui Ye,
• Wei-Yuan Ma,
• Jian-Xing Xu and
• Fengzhi Zhang

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2026, 22, 771–781, doi:10.3762/bjoc.22.59

• of the designed dual-target modulators identified 17 compounds that inhibited ASK1 (Figure 2). Among the compounds examined, Z8 demonstrated the greatest potency, exhibiting an inhibition rate of 84.59% at a concentration of 10 μM. Lipid-modifying activity In light of the prevalence of the reduction

Rongalite addition to dienones: diastereoselectivity in cyclic sulfone synthesis; stereochemical rationalization and prospects as a general conjugate nucleophile

• Melina Goga,
• Hao Zong,
• James Franco,
• Jazmine Prana,
• Rudolph Michel,
• Antonia Muro,
• Elana Rubin,
• Janet Brenya,
• Henk Eshuis and
• Magnus W. P. Bebbington

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2026, 22, 742–752, doi:10.3762/bjoc.22.56

• molecules are desirable, particularly in the light of the general need for more sustainable chemical synthesis. Recently, there has been significant progress in the use of SO2 equivalents and bulk inorganic high oxidation state sulfur compounds for the direct incorporation of sulfones [2][3]. Despite these

Anti-invasive and cytotoxic evaluation of a (+)-pinoresinol-based semisynthetic library against glioblastoma

• Chen Zhang,
• Kah Yean Lum,
• Jonathan M. White,
• Paul I. Forster,
• Nicholas Booth,
• Sunita A. Ramesh and
• Rohan A. Davis

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2026, 22, 691–704, doi:10.3762/bjoc.22.54

• plates were used for TLC and analyzed under UV light at 254 and 365 nm. For large-scale studies, the plant material was extracted at room temperature using an Edwards Instrument Company Bio-line orbital shaker set to 200 rpm. All chemical reagents used throughout the experiments were purchased from Sigma

• DMEM containing 2% FBS and 100 U/mL Pen-Strep. The flask was placed at 37 °C and 5% CO2 for 24 h of starvation. Insert preparation 40 µL of Matrigel (1:40 dilution) was added to each insert, followed by fixing for 5 min under UV light in a biosafety cabinet. The inserts were left to dry overnight in

Harnessing light energy with molecules

• Grace G. D. Han,
• Mogens Brøndsted Nielsen and
• Hermann A. Wegner

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2026, 22, 680–682, doi:10.3762/bjoc.22.52

• therapies using molecular light harnessing. So-called molecular solar thermal (MOST) energy storage systems are one type of photoresponsive systems [1][2][3]. These have attracted increasing interest in the past decade for the storage of solar energy by photoisomerization of a molecular photoswitch

• , recently coined as a “mostophore” [3]. Such energy storage systems have also been referred to as solar thermal fuels or solar thermal batteries. After light harnessing, photoisomerization generates a metastable compound of higher energy. Thermal back-reaction results in the release of the energy again as

• approaches of optimization with regard to their light harnessing efficiency, energy storage capacity, and storage time. Structural modifications and studies of the norbornadiene/quadricyclane (NBD/QC) photo-/thermoswitch couple are covered in several articles. In a publication by Kerzig, Ihmels, and co

Photoorganocatalytic trifluoromethylation of (het)arenes in green conditions

• Egor N. Boronin,
• Svetlana E. Kaurkina,
• Milena M. Svetlakova,
• Anton S. Bolshakov,
• Maxim V. Arsenyev,
• Vasilii F. Otvagin,
• Alexey Yu. Fedorov,
• Timothy Noël and
• Alexander V. Nyuchev

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2026, 22, 662–671, doi:10.3762/bjoc.22.50

• conditions using an inexpensive and atom-efficient CF3 source, trifluoroacetic anhydride, in ethyl acetate as a green solvent. An organic cyanoarene photocatalyst enables efficient CF3 radical generation under blue-light irradiation, providing a broad range of trifluoromethylated arenes and heteroarenes. The

• for the photochemical trifluoromethylation of (hetero)arenes using an Ir-based photocatalyst under blue-light irradiation (Scheme 1c) [16]. Although these approaches employed inexpensive CF3 sources, they relied on costly noble-metal catalysts with loadings of up to 3 mol %. Moreover, all of these

• ) under blue-light irradiation in acetonitrile (Scheme 1d) [17]. Also, photoelectrochemical trifluoromethylation procedures using trifluoroacetic acid or its salt were published recently [18][19]. Inspired by these methodologies, we sought to combine their advantages to develop a metal- and base-free

Advantages of PROTACs in achieving selective degradation of homologous protein families

• Luxi Yang,
• Xinfei Mao,
• Jingyi Zhang,
• Jing Shu,
• Wenhai Huang,
• Xiaowu Dong,
• Yinqiao Chen and
• Mingfei Wu

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2026, 22, 628–661, doi:10.3762/bjoc.22.49

Towards the targeted protein degradation of CK2: design and synthesis of CAM4066-based PROTACs

• Sophie Day-Riley,
• Sona Krajcovicova,
• Aryaman Raj Sokhal,
• Jan L. Venne,
• Paul Brear,
• Marko Hyvönen,
• Benjamin C. Whitehurst,
• Jason S. Carroll and
• David R. Spring

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2026, 22, 611–619, doi:10.3762/bjoc.22.47

• Biophysical and X-ray crystallographic facilities at the Department of Biochemistry for access to instrumentation. We thank Diamond Light Source for access to beamline (proposal ID mx25402). Funding S. Day-Riley is grateful AstraZeneca Cambridge for a studentship and financial support. S. Krajcovicova is

Computational prediction of C–H hydricities and their use in predicting the regioselectivity of electron-rich C–H functionalisation reactions

• Rasmus M. Borup,
• Nicolai Ree and
• Jan H. Jensen

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2026, 22, 603–610, doi:10.3762/bjoc.22.46

• photoredox activation, followed by anion-binding-catalysed functionalisation to form β-amino esters. Here, the reacting atom is the one with the lowest hydricity and BDE. Compounds 8–10 Schmidt et al. [44] reported the visible light-catalysed bromination of compound 8, Kamon et al. [45] reported the light

Kinetic resolution of racemic planar-chiral vinylcymantrenes by molybdenum-catalyzed asymmetric metathesis dimerization

• Haruna Imazu,
• Hitoshi Izu,
• Yasuhiro Ohki and
• Masamichi Ogasawara

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2026, 22, 568–574, doi:10.3762/bjoc.22.42

• configuration of (–)-2b Levorotatory AMD/KR product (–)-2b, which was obtained as in entry 8, Table 1 using Mo/(R)-L1 precatalyst, was recrystallized by slow diffusion of pentane into the concentrated diethyl ether solution. Crystals of (–)-2b were grown as light-yellow blocks. The X-ray crystallography

Molecular tweezer–peptide conjugates disrupt the protein–protein interaction between survivin and histone H3 essential in mitosis

• Catherine Gsell,
• Philipp Rebmann,
• Karina Opara,
• Christine Beuck,
• Peter Bayer,
• David Bier,
• Ingrid R. Vetter and
• Thomas Schrader

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2026, 22, 557–567, doi:10.3762/bjoc.22.41

• lysines in the C-terminal helix of survivin (positively charged blue area). Crystal structure of the survivin dimer with complexed tweezer H3 conjugate 2a. To distinguish both survivin molecules their surfaces (light grey) have been presented with a different degree of transparency. Lysines in the

Experimental and DFT studies on the regioselective methanolysis of 5-azido-9-oxabicyclo[6.1.0]nonan-4-yl 4-nitrobenzoate isomers

• İlknur Polat,
• Selçuk Eşsiz and
• Emine Salamci

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2026, 22, 547–556, doi:10.3762/bjoc.22.40

• combined organic extracts were washed with saturated aqueous NaCl (20 mL) and then dried (Na2SO4). Evaporation of solvent gave the mixture of azidobenzoate epoxides 9a and 9b (1.02 g, 3.07 mmol, 97%), as light brown solid. The formation and ratio of these isomers was determined by NMR spectroscopy, in a 63

Melifoliox B, a novel phloroglucin derivative isolated from Melicope barbigera (Rutaceae) and synthesis of new oxidation products from melifoliones A and B

• Horst Weber,
• Kim-Thao Tran-Cong,
• Bernhard Mayer,
• Guido J. Reiss,
• Iryna S. Konovalova,
• Marc S. Appelhans,
• Kenneth R. Wood and
• Claus M. Passreiter

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2026, 22, 535–546, doi:10.3762/bjoc.22.39

• -toluenesulfonic acid at 80 °C in toluene afforded benzoxocin (7) as the only product. On the other hand, melifolione A (1) was completely decomposed under these conditions. Irradiation of 5 in methanol with UV-light (300 nm) for 3 days at room temperature gave melifolione B (2) with traces of melifolione A (1

Get a better glimpse on sequential photoreactions of trisnorbornadienes with ¹⁹F NMR spectroscopy

• Julian Felix Maria Hebborn,
• Ben Eric Merten,
• Thomas Paululat and
• Heiko Ihmels

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2026, 22, 527–534, doi:10.3762/bjoc.22.38

• controlled by light [1][2][3][4]. To add to that, the photochromic reaction allows to convert the energy of the applied light into chemical energy, which can thus be stored and eventually released on demand as heat in the back reaction. Therefore, photochromic reactions constitute the centerpiece of the

• ][31][32][33]. Furthermore, to shift the absorption towards lower-energy light in such compounds – and for that matter to the solar spectrum – push–pull systems [29][31], enlarged π systems [30][33], and heteroaromatic chromophores [32][34][35] have been introduced (Figure 1). Although this structural

• the physicochemical parameters of the light energy storage and release, the thermally induced cycloreversion of 2f0,3 was investigated. Analysis of the cycloreversion at different temperatures revealed a half-life, t1/2, of 55 d at 25 °C, an activation enthalpy ΔH = 99.4 kJ/kg, and an activation

Modern synthetic pathways towards eribulin and its subunits

• Sebastian Dominik Graf

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2026, 22, 495–526, doi:10.3762/bjoc.22.37

• aldehyde 200. Another optimization was achieved during the formation of the central ketal motif of 186 (Scheme 22). Here, the diastereomeric mixture of 183 (see Scheme 19) was exposed to light-mediated DDQ-oxidation within a continuous flow setup, which yielded epimers (R)-184 and (S)-184. This mixture was

Synthesis and uranyl(VI) extraction performance of a calix[4]pyrrole–tetrahydroxamic acid receptor

• Sara Karnib,
• Rana Baydoun,
• Wissam Zaidan,
• Nancy AlHaddad,
• Omar El Samad,
• Bilal Nsouli,
• Francine Cazier-Dennin and
• Pierre-Edouard Danjou

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2026, 22, 486–494, doi:10.3762/bjoc.22.36

• for supramolecular platforms like calixarenes for actinides and lanthanides extraction [36][37]. In light of this background, we report here the incorporation of hydroxamic acid into phenoxycalix[4]pyrrole and examine its effectiveness in extracting uranyl from aqueous solution using gamma

Structural reassignment of compound 968, an allosteric glutaminase inhibitor

• Lindsey A. Albertelli,
• Sainabou Jallow,
• Chun Li and
• Scott M. Ulrich

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2026, 22, 455–460, doi:10.3762/bjoc.22.33

• ethanol to yield the title compound as a light gray powder (4.05 g, 72%). 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 9.72 (s, 1H), 7.91 (d, J = 8.7 Hz, 2H), 7.76 (t, J = 6.9 Hz, 2H), 7.41 (t, J = 7.3 Hz, 1H), 7.35 (d, J = 1.8 Hz, 1H), 7.29 (m, 2H), 7.71 (dd, J = 8.3, 1.8 Hz, 1H), 6.90 (d, J = 8.2 Hz, 1H), 5.70 (s, 1H

Concept-driven strategies in target-oriented synthesis

• David Yu-Kai Chen,
• Chao Li and
• Yefeng Tang

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2026, 22, 451–454, doi:10.3762/bjoc.22.32

• pages will spark interest and deepen understanding in the fascinating world of target-oriented synthesis. In light of the current scientific landscape, perhaps it is fitting to reflect on the impact of artificial intelligence and innovations in machine-assisted synthetic design as we conclude this

Arene activation via π-bond localization: concepts and opportunities

• Paul Meiners,
• Julian J. Melder and
• Tobias Morack

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2026, 22, 257–273, doi:10.3762/bjoc.22.19

• applications One of the earliest demonstrations of the unusual reactivity of small-ring-annelated arenes is found in benzocyclopropene, which undergoes facile dearomatization [29]. For example, upon exposure to iodine and UV-light, it transforms into 1,6-diiodocycloheptatriene, highlighting the pronounced

• enriching the repertoire of arene functionalization beyond the established cross-coupling and C–H activation canon. Alternatively, merging arene activation with additional concepts, such as photoredox catalysis offers an exciting opportunity to address thermodynamic constraints and to harness light-driven

Configuration–packing synergy enabling integrated crystalline-state RTP and amorphous-state TADF

• Ruiyan Wang and
• Yunan Wu

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2026, 22, 224–236, doi:10.3762/bjoc.22.16

• phosphorescence; thermally activated delayed fluorescence; Introduction Organic light-emitting materials have attracted significant attention due to their remarkable potential across a wide array of applications [1][2][3], such as in display technologies [4], information security and data storage [5], time

• , making it a suitable candidate for use in advanced optoelectronic devices, such as organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), where efficient triplet-state management and delayed fluorescence are highly desired. In different solvents, the UV–vis absorption maxima and band profiles of the compound remain

• conventions, the ΔEST was estimated by calculating the difference between the onset energies of the fluorescence and phosphorescence bands. This energy difference was determined using Equation 1: where E is the energy, h is Planck's constant, c is the speed of light, and λ is the wavelength corresponding to

Synthesis of diaryl phosphates using phytic acid as a phosphorus source

• Kazuya Asao,
• Seika Matsumoto,
• Haruka Mori,
• Riku Yoshimura,
• Takeshi Sasaki,
• Naoya Hirata,
• Yasuyuki Hayakawa and
• Shin-ichi Kawaguchi

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2026, 22, 213–223, doi:10.3762/bjoc.22.15

• its light-brown appearance was identical to that of the product synthesized from commercial phytic acid. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis results indicated that the purity of 2a derived from the extracted phytic acid was greater than 95% (Supporting Information File 1, Figure S4

Screwing the helical chirality through terminal peri-functionalization

• Devesh Chandra,
• Sachin and
• Upendra Sharma

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2026, 22, 205–212, doi:10.3762/bjoc.22.14

• circularly polarized organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs), circularly polarized luminescence (CPL), and photonic devices, etc., due to their strong circular dichroism and circularly polarized luminescence [15][16]. Their well-defined three-dimensional chiral environment also makes helicenes useful in

Improved synthesis and physicochemical characterization of the selective serotonin 2A receptor agonist 25CN-NBOH

• Adrian G. Rossebø,
• Hannah G. Kolberg,
• Anders E. Tønder,
• Louise Kjaerulff,
• Poul Erik Hansen,
• Karla A. Frydenvang,
• Jesper Østergaard and
• Jesper L. Kristensen

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2026, 22, 175–184, doi:10.3762/bjoc.22.11

• , respectively, while UV–vis spectra were recorded using the fiber optic probe (10 mm light path) of the inForm diode array spectrometer. The instrument control and data analysis were performed using the inForm software Version 1.1.3.6 (Sirius Analytical, Forest Row, UK). HPLC Samples from distribution

Design and synthesis of an axially chiral platinum(II) complex and its CPL properties in PMMA matrix

• Daiki Tauchi,
• Sota Ogura,
• Misa Sakura,
• Kazunori Tsubaki and
• Masashi Hasegawa

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2026, 22, 143–150, doi:10.3762/bjoc.22.7

• Luminescent materials based on metal complexes have been extensively studied due to their high phosphorescence efficiency, making them promising candidates for applications in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) [1][2][3][4][5], sensors [6][7][8][9], and bioimaging materials [10][11]. Among these materials

• spectrofluoropolarimeter at room temperature, at a scattering angle of 0° upon excitation with unpolarized, monochromated incident light. Absolute PLQYs of solutions and powder samples were determined using a JASCO FP-8550 spectrometer with an integrating sphere (JASCO ILF-533, diameter 96 mm) at an excitation wavelength

• of 300 nm. Fluorescence lifetimes were measured for solutions and powder samples with a HORIBA DeltaFlex spectrometer with a 370 nm LED light source for excitation. For the lifetime measurements of solution, a conventional 1 cm quartz cell was used. Optical rotation values were measured with a JASCO

Symmetrical D–π–A–π–D indanone dyes: a new design for nonlinear optics and cyanide detection

• Ergin Keleş,
• Alberto Barsella,
• Nurgül Seferoğlu,
• Zeynel Seferoğlu and
• Burcu Aydıner

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2026, 22, 131–142, doi:10.3762/bjoc.22.6

• attention due to their widespread use in materials chemistry. This type of dye is of particular interest in the fields of organic electronics, photonics, and optoelectronics etc., used in areas such as dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC), organic light-emitting diodes (OLED), nonlinear optics (NLO), and

• under ambient light. In addition, interaction mechanisms of dyes with cyanide were studied using the 1H NMR titration method, and it was determined that they interacted through an addition mechanism. Photophysical properties and interaction mechanisms of the compounds were also supported through density

• groups is disrupted. These results strongly suggest the addition of cyanide to the vinyl bridge. Furthermore, the color of dyes 2a–c, blue, green, and pink, respectively, under ambient light changed to yellow when interacting with cyanide. The interaction mechanism was determined by 1H NMR, and the