Circularly polarized luminescent systems fabricated by Tröger's base derivatives through two different strategies

• Cheng Qian,
• Yuan Chen,
• Qian Zhao,
• Ming Cheng,
• Chen Lin,
• Juli Jiang and
• Leyong Wang

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 52–57, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.6

• scanning electron microscope (SEM). At the molar ratio of rac-TBPP/DGG = 1:80, the co-gel shows belt-like nanofibers (Figure 3c), while the fibrous morphology could not be observed at the molar ratio of 1:16 (Figure 3d). It indicates that two different kinds of supramolecular assemblies were formed at the

• ratios of rac-TBPP/DGG 1:80 and 1:16, respectively, which is also coincident with the inversion of the CPL responses. However, more detailed studies are still needed to clarify the relations between the morphology and CPL handedness. Conclusion In conclusion, two strategies were demonstrated to obtain

A novel and robust heterogeneous Cu catalyst using modified lignosulfonate as support for the synthesis of nitrogen-containing heterocycles

• Bingbing Lai,
• Meng Ye,
• Ping Liu,
• Minghao Li,
• Rongxian Bai and
• Yanlong Gu

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 2888–2902, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.238

• the results are presented in Figure 4. The LS-FAS-Cu catalyst featured irregular and blocky morphology with uneven size from 100 nm to 400 nm (Figure 4a–d). In addition, the elemental mapping images clearly revealed the presence and uniform distribution of C, Cu, O, and S in LAS-FAS-Cu. XPS was

Dirhamnolipid ester – formation of reverse wormlike micelles in a binary (primerless) system

• David Liese,
• Hans Henning Wenk,
• Xin Lu,
• Jochen Kleinen and
• Gebhard Haberhauer

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 2820–2830, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.232

• towards the surrounding solvent molecules. The morphology of the micelles (spherical, cylindrical, vesicle, etc.) can be predicted by the packing parameter P of the surfactant [55][56]. The packing parameter P is defined by geometrical quantities as in Equation 11 [57]: where, for reverse micelles, V is

Selective recognition of ATP by multivalent nano-assemblies of bisimidazolium amphiphiles through “turn-on” fluorescence response

• Rakesh Biswas,
• Surya Ghosh,
• Shubhra Kanti Bhaumik and
• Supratim Banerjee

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 2728–2738, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.223

• ]. In this methodology, multivalent arrays are built from comparatively smaller binding sites through self-assembly. The smaller molecular units are easier to synthesize and moreover, the morphology and the surface functionalities of the resultant multivalent structures can be tuned in a modular fashion

• -aggregates. Furthermore, a visible change in morphology for the co-aggregates was observed from FESEM images (Figure 3b). All these results, taken together, indicated that the nanoaggregates were able to recognize ATP in a multivalent fashion leading to the formation of larger co-aggregates. On the contrary

Enzyme-instructed morphological transition of the supramolecular assemblies of branched peptides

• Dongsik Yang,
• Hongjian He and
• Bing Xu

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 2709–2718, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.221

• . Both 1 and 2, being synthesized for the first time, are able to facilitate the delivery of the proteins into cells. This work, illustrating enzymatic debranching to control the morphology of peptide assemblies, contributes to the development of peptide supramolecular assemblies via enzymatic

• morphology changes before and after the addition of proteinase K to solutions of 1 and 2. TEM revealed the solutions of 1 and 2 (500 μM) to contain nanoparticles of 11 ± 2 nm in diameter, indicating that the acetylation at the branch affects the self-assembly of the branched peptides only slightly. Upon the

Particle size effect in the mechanically assisted synthesis of β-cyclodextrin mesitylene sulfonate

• Stéphane Menuel,
• Sébastien Saitzek,
• Eric Monflier and
• Frédéric Hapiot

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 2598–2606, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.211

• ). The spherical morphology could be deduced from the Solidicity program incorporated in the ImageJ software [22]. However, further grinding up to 297 min did not lead to further changes in either the morphology or the size of the β-CD particles (Figure 1f). From the SEM images and the inspection with

• occur over longer times, suggesting that shear, friction, and collision effects did not anymore affect the β-CD particle size and morphology over time. In fact, crystal breaking reduced the particle size up to some critical threshold, as a result of the equilibrium between comminution and aggregation

Water-soluble host–guest complexes between fullerenes and a sugar-functionalized tribenzotriquinacene assembling to microspheres

• Si-Yuan Liu,
• Xin-Rui Wang,
• Man-Ping Li,
• Wen-Rong Xu and
• Dietmar Kuck

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 2551–2561, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.207

• 100 W ultrasonic cleaner. The surface morphology was investigated on a Phenom ProX scanning electron microscopy (SEM, Phenom World, Eindhoven, Netherlands). Samples were prepared from the freeze-dried aqueous solution/suspension of TBTQ-(OG)6, C60, and TBTQ-(OG)6 C60, and then gold-sputtered prior to

Palladium nanoparticles supported on chitin-based nanomaterials as heterogeneous catalysts for the Heck coupling reaction

• Tony Jin,
• Malickah Hicks,
• Davis Kurdyla,
• Sabahudin Hrapovic,
• Edmond Lam and
• Audrey Moores

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 2477–2483, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.201

• manner, strategies for fabricating CNCs have been adapted for chitin nanocrystals (ChNCs). From the seminal discovery of ChNCs by Marchessault in 1959 [14], much work has been done to improve the monodispersity, morphology, and structure of this unique nanomaterial [15]. Very recently, we have reported

The B & B approach: Ball-milling conjugation of dextran with phenylboronic acid (PBA)-functionalized BODIPY

• Patrizia Andreozzi,
• Lorenza Tamberi,
• Elisamaria Tasca,
• Gina Elena Giacomazzo,
• Marta Martinez,
• Mirko Severi,
• Marco Marradi,
• Stefano Cicchi,
• Sergio Moya,
• Giacomo Biagiotti and
• Barbara Richichi

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 2272–2281, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.188

• properties of BODIPY and the biocompatibility of dextran. The BODIPY dextran nanoparticles were characterized regarding their size, morphology, polarity, and toxicity in vitro. We demonstrate the feasibility of mechanochemistry for boronic ester formation [23] to a glycan polymer as a route of conjugation

pH- and concentration-dependent supramolecular self-assembly of a naturally occurring octapeptide

• Goutam Ghosh and
• Gustavo Fernández

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 2017–2025, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.168

• almost similar β-sheet conformation and fractal-like morphology as at pH 7.4. This is evidenced by the negative band at 227 nm in the CD spectrum, and further supported by AFM (Figure S4, Supporting Information File 1). At neutral (pH 7.4) and lower basic (pH 10.3) conditions, the self-assembly occurred

• still have an effect on the secondary structure and the resulting nanoscale morphology, leading to twisted β-sheet structures and short nanofibers. Apart from the pH sensitivity, PEP-1 also showed a concentration dependency of the secondary structure. At high concentration, it formed β-sheet-rich

Natural dolomitic limestone-catalyzed synthesis of benzimidazoles, dihydropyrimidinones, and highly substituted pyridines under ultrasound irradiation

• Kumar Godugu,
• Venkata Divya Sri Yadala,
• Mohammad Khaja Mohinuddin Pinjari,
• Trivikram Reddy Gundala,
• Lakshmi Reddy Sanapareddy and
• Chinna Gangi Reddy Nallagondu

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 1881–1900, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.156

• positions might be due to the presence of trace metal contents and impurities. The morphology of the NDL catalyst was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (Figure 5). The SEM images revealed that the morphology of the NDL catalyst consists of irregular shapes and sizes with a random dispersion. Further

Heterogeneous photocatalysis in flow chemical reactors

• Christopher G. Thomson,
• Ai-Lan Lee and
• Filipe Vilela

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 1495–1549, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.125

• semiconductor Eg defines the minimum frequency of photons required to excite an electron from the valence band to the conduction band, the critical primary event required for photocatalysis to occur. The band structure can be engineered by controlling the polymorphism, morphology, and size (e.g., TiO2

• collapse by implosion, producing conditions equivalent to approximately 5000 °C and 1800 atm at the implosion centre [160]. The resulting sonoelectrodeposition and sonophotodeposition methodologies have been shown to enhance mass transfer during synthesis and provide more control over the morphology and

Activated carbon as catalyst support: precursors, preparation, modification and characterization

• Melanie Iwanow,
• Tobias Gärtner,
• Volker Sieber and
• Burkhard König

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 1188–1202, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.104

• released. Alkali salts of acetylene dicarboxylic acid can also be used as precursor for the preparation of carbon spheres. The structure and morphology of the carbon spheres can be influenced by the used alkali salts [80]. Activated carbon preparation The following chapter summarizes the different

• porosity of the carbon spheres is induced by either aromatization of carbon around an in situ template, in situ chemical activation or gasification of carbon [96]. Xu et al. found that the morphology of the porous carbon materials prepared from propiolate salts with USP are dependent on the choice of

• starting materials. The thermal decomposition behavior of the precursors, and thus the resulting morphology of the carbon materials is influenced by the propiolate cations [80]. Spherical carbons The preparation of spherical mesoporous carbon particles as catalyst support with high surface areas

The charge-assisted hydrogen-bonded organic framework (CAHOF) self-assembled from the conjugated acid of tetrakis(4-aminophenyl)methane and 2,6-naphthalenedisulfonate as a new class of recyclable Brønsted acid catalysts

• Svetlana A. Kuznetsova,
• Alexander S. Gak,
• Yulia V. Nelyubina,
• Vladimir A. Larionov,
• Han Li,
• Michael North,
• Vladimir P. Zhereb,
• Alexander F. Smol'yakov,
• Artem O. Dmitrienko,
• Michael G. Medvedev,
• Igor S. Gerasimov,
• Ashot S. Saghyan and
• Yuri N. Belokon

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 1124–1134, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.99

• organic framework F-1. The structure of F-1 was established by single crystal and powder X-ray diffraction, NMR spectroscopy, and elemental analysis. The morphology of F-1 was assessed by SEM, and its stability was determined by TGA. We report the use of F-1 as a heterogeneous, robust, and recoverable

• vessel saturated with the vapors of these compounds. The absorbed material changed its PRXD reversibly, returning to its original structure after the absorbed solvent was allowed to evaporate from the sample. The morphology of uncrystallized F-1 was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis

• . It had a “tangerine wedge” morphology (Figure 3 and Figures S9 and S10, Supporting Information File 1), with evident macropores present on the surface of the particles. The size distribution of the F-1 particles was in the range of 3–5 to 45–50 μm, and most of the particles had a size within a range

Synthesis, liquid crystalline behaviour and structure–property relationships of 1,3-bis(5-substituted-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)benzenes

• Afef Mabrouki,
• Malek Fouzai,
• Armand Soldera,
• Abdelkader Kriaa and
• Ahmed Hedhli

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 149–158, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.17

• the fluorine atom leads to a subtle modification of properties such as melting point, mesophase morphology, transition temperatures, optical anisotropy, dielectric anisotropy, and visco-elasticity [5][6][7][8][9][10]. Therefore, many fluorinated liquid crystals have been prepared, and the fluoro

Synthesis of 3-alkenylindoles through regioselective C–H alkenylation of indoles by a ruthenium nanocatalyst

• Abhijit Paul,
• Debnath Chatterjee,
• Srirupa Banerjee and
• Somnath Yadav

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 140–148, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.16

• . Mechanistic studies have unambiguously proven the heterogeneous nature of the catalysis. The ability of the nanocatalyst to activate the C–H bond is due to the presence of minimal stabilising groups on its surface. Studies of the surface morphology of the catalyst have revealed the presence of surface oxides

Potent hemithioindigo-based antimitotics photocontrol the microtubule cytoskeleton in cellulo

• Alexander Sailer,
• Franziska Ermer,
• Yvonne Kraus,
• Rebekkah Bingham,
• Ferdinand H. Lutter,
• Julia Ahlfeld and
• Oliver Thorn-Seshold

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 125–134, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.14

• network within cells treated with HITubs and documented the resulting disruption of the physiological MT network integrity, and consequently also changes in cell morphology by confocal microscopy. Cells exposed to HITub-4 (1 μM) in the dark or under λ = 530 nm illumination (to maintain exclusively Z

Influence of the cis/trans configuration on the supramolecular aggregation of aryltriazoles

• Sara Tejera,
• Giada Caniglia,
• Rosa L. Dorta,
• Andrea Favero,
• Javier González-Platas and
• Jesús T. Vázquez

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2019, 15, 2881–2888, doi:10.3762/bjoc.15.282

• thin and short fibers. The xerogel of compound 12 showed long, thin, and relatively straight fibers, with lack of torsion, as well as regularity of the network. Its cis stereoisomer 14 showed a fibrous network, but of much shorter length. However, the gel of compound 10 showed a different morphology

Carbazole-functionalized hyper-cross-linked polymers for CO₂ uptake based on Friedel–Crafts polymerization on 9-phenylcarbazole

• Dandan Fang,
• Xiaodong Li,
• Meishuai Zou,
• Xiaoyan Guo and
• Aijuan Zhang

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2019, 15, 2856–2863, doi:10.3762/bjoc.15.279

• the temperature raised up to 800 °C (Supporting Information File 1, Table S1), demonstrated the splendid thermal stability of P1–P11 as reported for microporous polymers [34]. Morphology analysis The morphology of P1–P11 was investigated by SEM images (Figure 4), which showed that HCPs were composed

• than many carbazole-based HCPs with similar BET specific surface area [19][20][24]. We conjecture that the concentration of FDA can affect the formation process and morphology of the polymers, when polymer particles agglomerate and stack together (Figure 4). We reached the conclusion that when varying

Chemical tuning of photoswitchable azobenzenes: a photopharmacological case study using nicotinic transmission

• Lorenzo Sansalone,
• Jun Zhao,
• Matthew T. Richers and
• Graham C. R. Ellis-Davies

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2019, 15, 2812–2821, doi:10.3762/bjoc.15.274

• an internal solution containing (in mM): 135 potassium gluconate, 4 MgCl2, 10 HEPES, 4 Na2-ATP, 0.4 Na2-GTP, 10 Na2-phosphocreatine, pH 7.35. The red fluorescent dye Alexa 594 (0.05 mM, ThermoFisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA) was added to visualize the morphology of the neurons. Normal ACSF was

Plasma membrane imaging with a fluorescent benzothiadiazole derivative

• Pedro H. P. R. Carvalho,
• Jose R. Correa,
• Karen L. R. Paiva,
• Daniel F. S. Machado,
• Jackson D. Scholten and
• Brenno A. D. Neto

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2019, 15, 2644–2654, doi:10.3762/bjoc.15.257

• plasma membranes in live cells is still one of the most promising strategies to investigate their roles, functions and to relate them with specific cellular responses [7]. The selective imaging of plasma membranes allows the tracking of the cell morphology, the cell status, cellular division step, signal

• cells. (A) Plasma membranes stained with the designed BTD-4APTEG. (B) Overlay of (A) and (C) showing the orange emission as the result of both green and red emissions. (C) Plasma membranes stained with the commercially available CellMask. (D) Shows the normal morphology of the cells by phase contrast

α,ß-Didehydrosuberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (DDSAHA) as precursor and possible analogue of the anticancer drug SAHA

• Shital K. Chattopadhyay,
• Subhankar Ghosh,
• Sarita Sarkar and
• Kakali Bhadra

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2019, 15, 2524–2533, doi:10.3762/bjoc.15.245

• a minimal effect of cytotoxicity (≈9.1% necrotic as well as apoptotic cells, respectively), by observing the morphology of the cells under a microscope at a concentration of 15 μg/mL. ROS generation study by DCFDA (2′,7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate) by FACS (fluorescence-activated cell

Targeted photoswitchable imaging of intracellular glutathione by a photochromic glycosheet sensor

• Xianzhi Chai,
• Hai-Hao Han,
• Yi Zang,
• Jia Li,
• Xiao-Peng He,
• Junji Zhang and
• He Tian

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2019, 15, 2380–2389, doi:10.3762/bjoc.15.230

• activities [1][2]. Nonetheless, conventional fluorescence sensors always encounter background signal interferences during cell imaging, which are usually generated from bioluminescence and light scattering in the intracellular environment [3]. This may lead to the deviation in judging the morphology and

• obvious morphology of nanosheets which presented a large 2D and ultrathin plane with a diameter of ca. 200 nm (Figure 2B) [33][34]. By virtue of the expansive surface, 2D MnO2 nanosheets possess the ability to load dozens of fluorophores. An array of fluorescent reporters thus formed, which facilitate

Synthesis of a dihalogenated pyridinyl silicon rhodamine for mitochondrial imaging by a halogen dance rearrangement

• Jessica Matthias,
• Thines Kanagasundaram,
• Klaus Kopka and
• Carsten S. Kramer

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2019, 15, 2333–2343, doi:10.3762/bjoc.15.226

• example, Giedt et al. could show that analysis of mitochondrial morphology can be used as a biomarker for cancer phenotype assignment and for drug response analysis [54]. For STED imaging, HeLa cells were stained for 1 h with 1 µM of dye 15, washed and imaged live. Figure 2 and Figure S5, Supporting

Isolation of fungi using the diffusion chamber device FIND technology

• Benjamin Libor,
• Henrik Harms,
• Stefan Kehraus,
• Ekaterina Egereva,
• Max Crüsemann and
• Gabriele M. König

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2019, 15, 2191–2203, doi:10.3762/bjoc.15.216

• earlier. Alternatively, a stamp can be used to punch all agar plugs simultaneously into the wells of a 96 well plate. Fermentation on agar plates was performed in an incubator at 25 °C for another four weeks. Morphology of the axenic colonies was then analysed microscopically, and their taxonomy was