Synthesis and properties of 6-alkynyl-5-aryluracils

• Ruben Manuel Figueira de Abreu,
• Till Brockmann,
• Alexander Villinger,
• Peter Ehlers and
• Peter Langer

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 898–911, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.80

• synthesized by other methods and the single Suzuki reaction on uracil is well studied [42][69][70][71]. Physical properties The photophysical properties of selected derivatives were investigated by steady-state absorption and photoluminescence spectroscopy. The influence of the substitution pattern on the

• based on the same starting material. Furthermore, we could demonstrate a high tolerance towards different functional groups and their combinations. The physical properties of selected derivatives were investigated by steady-state absorption and photoluminescence spectroscopy. The corresponding data

Facile approach to N,O,S-heteropentacycles via condensation of sterically crowded 3H-phenoxazin-3-one with ortho-substituted anilines

• Eugeny Ivakhnenko,
• Vasily Malay,
• Pavel Knyazev,
• Nikita Merezhko,
• Nadezhda Makarova,
• Oleg Demidov,
• Gennady Borodkin,
• Andrey Starikov and
• Vladimir Minkin

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 336–345, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.34

• compounds 5a–c in toluene before irradiation (no emission) and c) during irradiation (photoluminescence, λex = 365 nm) at room temperature. UV–vis (solid lines) and fluorescence emission (dashed, λex = 365 nm) spectra of compounds 6a,b in toluene (c = 2 10−5 M, l = 1 cm) at room temperature. UV–vis

Perspectives on push–pull chromophores derived from click-type [2 + 2] cycloaddition–retroelectrocyclization reactions of electron-rich alkynes and electron-deficient alkenes

• Michio Yamada

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 125–154, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.13

• physicochemical properties of the family of these compounds that have been investigated is provided to clarify their potential for future applications. Keywords: click chemistry; donor–acceptor conjugate; intramolecular charge transfer; photoluminescence; photoinduced electron transfer; Introduction Push–pull

• column. In 62, unlike 59 and 60, thermally induced racemization was observed and kinetic parameters were obtained (ΔG‡298 K = 25.4 kcal mol−1), which were similar to those reported for 57 and 58 [133]. Photoluminescence properties Most anilino-substituted TCBD molecules exhibit negligible fluorescence in

• . Notably, a rigid molecular environment, which induces constraints on molecular motions, serves to mitigate nonradiative losses in push–pull chromophores. Li et al. synthesized an oligo(p-phenylenevinylene)-based TCBD derivative denoted as 65, which is noteworthy for its lack of photoluminescence in

Aromatic systems with two and three pyridine-2,6-dicarbazolyl-3,5-dicarbonitrile fragments as electron-transporting organic semiconductors exhibiting long-lived emissions

• Karolis Leitonas,
• Brigita Vigante,
• Dmytro Volyniuk,
• Audrius Bucinskas,
• Pavels Dimitrijevs,
• Sindija Lapcinska,
• Pavel Arsenyan and
• Juozas Vidas Grazulevicius

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2023, 19, 1867–1880, doi:10.3762/bjoc.19.139

• -dicarbazolyl-3,5-dicarbonitrile. The compounds are synthesized by Sonogashira coupling reactions and characterized by steady-state and time-resolved luminescence spectroscopy. The compounds show efficient intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) from the donor to the acceptor. The photoluminescence (PL) spectra of

• the solutions of the compounds showed non-structured emission peaks in the visible region, which are attributed to ICT emission. The PL intensities of the solutions of the compounds are enhanced after deoxygenation, which is indicative of TADF. The photoluminescence quantum yields and TADF properties

• small singlet–triplet splitting and a fair photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY). The optimized organic light-emitting diode (OLED) based on 13 wt % CPC doped in 1,3-bis(9H-carbazol-9-yl)benzene (mCP) as host exhibited maximum current efficiency, power efficiency, and external quantum efficiency (EQE

Charge carrier transport in perylene-based and pyrene-based columnar liquid crystals

• Alessandro L. Alves,
• Simone V. Bernardino,
• Carlos H. Stadtlober,
• Edivandro Girotto,
• Giliandro Farias,
• Rodney M. do Nascimento,
• Sergio F. Curcio,
• Thiago Cazati,
• Marta E. R. Dotto,
• Juliana Eccher,
• Leonardo N. Furini,
• Hugo Gallardo,
• Harald Bock and
• Ivan H. Bechtold

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2023, 19, 1755–1765, doi:10.3762/bjoc.19.128

• derivatives are among the most investigated due to their easy functionalization, high chemical and thermal stability, strong photoluminescence, and n-type semiconductor character. They tend to adopt columnar organization due to the strong π–π interaction of the rigid cores, providing a path for the efficient

• ≈3.5 Å for all mesophases. Absorption and photoluminescence (PL) of 1 and 2 are presented in Figure 3 for solution and spin-coated film. Compound 1 shows the three well-defined bands typical of perylene absorption and PL in solution. The absorption becomes broader and the PL destructured and red

• columnar hexagonal mesophase stable at room temperature, and compound 2 is pyrene-based crystalline with columnar rectangular order preserved at room temperature. Photoluminescence lifetime measurements indicated that molecular aggregation and π-stacking interactions dominate the photophysics of films

Organic thermally activated delayed fluorescence material with strained benzoguanidine donor

• Alexander C. Brannan,
• Elvie F. P. Beaumont,
• Nguyen Le Phuoc,
• George F. S. Whitehead,
• Mikko Linnolahti and
• Alexander S. Romanov

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2023, 19, 1289–1298, doi:10.3762/bjoc.19.95

• benzoguanidine donor and compare it with the benchmark carbazole-based material (4CzIPN). Extended π-conjugation in 4BGIPN material results in yellow-green luminescence at 512 nm with a fast radiative rate of 5.5 × 10−5 s−1 and a photoluminescence quantum yield of 46% in methylcyclohexane solution. Such a

• : guanidine; organic; photoluminescence; TADF; yellow; Introduction Thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) is a photoluminescence mechanism where excitons undergo thermally-assisted reverse-intersystem crossing from an excited triplet state to a higher-lying in energy singlet state to emit delayed

• and LUMO energy levels indicates the potential suitability of 4BGIPN material for application not only as emitter in the emitting layer but also as an electron transport layer in the fabrication of OLEDs. Photophysical properties and theoretical considerations UV–vis and photoluminescence (PL) spectra

The effect of dark states on the intersystem crossing and thermally activated delayed fluorescence of naphthalimide-phenothiazine dyads

• Liyuan Cao,
• Xi Liu,
• Xue Zhang,
• Jianzhang Zhao,
• Fabiao Yu and
• Yan Wan

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2023, 19, 1028–1046, doi:10.3762/bjoc.19.79

• emitters [32][33]. However, the most popular optical spectroscopic methods previously used in this area, such as the very often used transient photoluminescence spectral measurement or the luminescence lifetime measurement, are unable to detect the dark states of the TADF emitters, i.e., the 3LE and 3CS

• were studied by steady state UV–vis absorption spectroscopy, transient photoluminescence spectroscopy, nanosecond/femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy, electrochemistry, as well as DFT/TDDFT computations. We observed experimental evidence for the spin–vibronic coupling effect in the TADF

• Ltd., U.K.). Fluorescence quantum yields (ΦF) were measured by an absolute photoluminescence quantum yield spectrometer (Quantaurus-QY Plus C13534-11, Hamamatsu Ltd., Japan). Luminescence lifetimes of compounds were measured with an OB920 luminescence lifetime spectrometer (Edinburgh Instruments Ltd

Construction of hexabenzocoronene-based chiral nanographenes

• Ranran Li,
• Di Wang,
• Shengtao Li and
• Peng An

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2023, 19, 736–751, doi:10.3762/bjoc.19.54

• HPLC suggested four main peaks were detected, belonging to two pairs of enantiomers. Notably, one pair of enantiomers can transform to the thermodynamically more stable (M,M,P)-91 and (P,P,M)-91 enantiomers after 16 hours heating. Compared to structures 82 and 86, the photoluminescence quantum yields

pH-Responsive fluorescent supramolecular nanoparticles based on tetraphenylethylene-labelled chitosan and a six-fold carboxylated tribenzotriquinacene

• Nan Yang,
• Yi-Yan Zhu,
• Wei-Xiu Lin,
• Yi-Long Lu and
• Wen-Rong Xu

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2023, 19, 635–645, doi:10.3762/bjoc.19.45

• aromatic rotors of the TPE molecules in aggregates, which blocks nonradiative decay channels and enables the formation of radiative transitions, resulting in high fluorescent properties of the aggregates [27]. Additionally, the photoluminescence (PL) intensity is significantly increased with an increased

CuAAC-inspired synthesis of 1,2,3-triazole-bridged porphyrin conjugates: an overview

• Dileep Kumar Singh

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2023, 19, 349–379, doi:10.3762/bjoc.19.29

• medicinal chemistry. Owing to the strong absorption in the visible region, these 18π-electron systems also demonstrate excellent photoluminescence properties. Therefore, porphyrin hybrids have been widely used as efficient sensitizers for PDT applications and dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). Because the

Naphthalimide-phenothiazine dyads: effect of conformational flexibility and matching of the energy of the charge-transfer state and the localized triplet excited state on the thermally activated delayed fluorescence

• Kaiyue Ye,
• Liyuan Cao,
• Davita M. E. van Raamsdonk,
• Zhijia Wang,
• Jianzhang Zhao,
• Daniel Escudero and
• Denis Jacquemin

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2022, 18, 1435–1453, doi:10.3762/bjoc.18.149

• were recorded with an FS5 spectrofluorometer (Edinburgh instruments Ltd., U.K.). Fluorescence quantum yields (ΦF) were measured by an absolute photoluminescence quantum yield spectrometer (Quantaurus-QY Plus C13534-11, Hamamatsu Ltd., Japan). Luminescence lifetimes of compounds were recorded with an

Ionic multiresonant thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitters for light emitting electrochemical cells

• Merve Karaman,
• Abhishek Kumar Gupta,
• Subeesh Madayanad Suresh,
• Tomas Matulaitis,
• Lorenzo Mardegan,
• Daniel Tordera,
• Henk J. Bolink,
• Sen Wu,
• Stuart Warriner,
• Ifor D. Samuel and
• Eli Zysman-Colman

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2022, 18, 1311–1321, doi:10.3762/bjoc.18.136

• films, both emitters showed good photoluminescence quantum yields of 71% and 61%, and delayed lifetimes of 316.6 μs and 241.7 μs, respectively, for DiKTa-OBuIm and DiKTa-DPA-OBuIm, leading to reverse intersystem crossing rates of 2.85 × 103 s−1 and 3.04 × 103 s−1. Light-emitting electrochemical cells

• for other donor decorated MR-TADF emitters [34][35][36]. The photoluminescence quantum yield, ΦPL, in MeCN for DiKTa-OBuIm is 48% which decreases in air to 34%. The emission is much weaker in DiKTa-DPA-OBuIm, reflecting both the smaller oscillator strength of the transition to S1 and the greater non

Mechanochemical bottom-up synthesis of phosphorus-linked, heptazine-based carbon nitrides using sodium phosphide

• Blaine G. Fiss,
• Georgia Douglas,
• Michael Ferguson,
• Jorge Becerra,
• Jesus Valdez,
• Trong-On Do,
• Tomislav Friščić and
• Audrey Moores

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2022, 18, 1203–1209, doi:10.3762/bjoc.18.125

• S5a, blue) and g-h-PCN300 (Figure S5a, teal) showing a similar, also red-shifted maximum at 525 nm. Additionally, photoluminescence (PL) measurements showed an initially reduced absorption intensity for g-h-PCN (Figure S5b, blue) compared to that of g-CN (Figure S5b, purple) with further reduction

• notable in absorption for g-h-PCN300 (Figure S5b, teal). This reduction in photoluminescence has previously been reported for phosphorus-doped carbons and carbon nitrides [52], as the addition of Lewis basic heteroatoms improves the stability of excitons, slowing the rate of recombination. Time-resolved

Thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters: sensing and boosting spin-flipping by aggregation

• Ashish Kumar Mazumdar,
• Gyana Prakash Nanda,
• Nisha Yadav,
• Upasana Deori,
• Upasha Acharyya,
• Bahadur Sk and
• Pachaiyappan Rajamalli

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2022, 18, 1177–1187, doi:10.3762/bjoc.18.122

• base fumes, etc. [10][11]. However, the fluorescence quantum yield of such emitters in the solid state is relatively low due to the aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ) effect [12][13][14] and limits practical applications. Hence, metal-free emitters with high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) in

• . (TL: toluene, DIO: 1,4-dioxane, THF: tetrahydrofuran, DCM: dichloromethane). Transient photoluminescence decay (λex = 375 nm) of (a) BPy-pTC and (b) BPy-p3C in degassed THF (10 µM) at room temperature. AIEE studies: Emission spectra (λex = 375 nm, 10 µM) of (a) BPy-pTC and (d) BPy-p3C in THF with

• aggregates formed in a 90 vol % water/THF mixture. Normalized fluorescence at room temperature and phosphorescence spectra at 77 K (λex = 375 nm, 10 µM) of (a) BPy-pTC and (b) BPy-p3C aggregates in 90 vol % water/THF mixture. Transient photoluminescence decay (λex = 375 nm, 20 µM) of (a) BPy-pTC and (b) BPy

Electrochemical and spectroscopic properties of twisted dibenzo[g,p]chrysene derivatives

• Tomoya Imai,
• Ryuhei Akasaka,
• Naruhiro Yoshida,
• Toru Amaya and
• Tetsuo Iwasawa

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2022, 18, 963–971, doi:10.3762/bjoc.18.96

• , a strong photoluminescence was observed for DBC-H and DBC-Si. Keywords: DFT calculation; dibenzo[g,p]chrysenes; fluorescent compounds; oxidation; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH); twisted acenes; Introduction Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have attracted interest as potential

• °, both the HOMO and LUMO are lower than those for DBC-H. Although it is not perpendicular, the lower energy levels for HOMO and LUMO can be accounted for by the ineffective conjugation of the MeO group. Spectroscopic properties Absorption and photoluminescence spectra and the simulations of absorption

• HOMO to LUMO and HOMO-1 to LUMO+1 (see Tables S1–S6 in Supporting Information File 1). The trend for the order of optical band gap is roughly consistent with that of the HOMO–LUMO gap obtained from DFT calculation [52]. In the photoluminescence spectra, the luminescence of DBC-Br was very weak. On the

Introducing a new 7-ring fused diindenone-dithieno[3,2-b:2',3'-d]thiophene unit as a promising component for organic semiconductor materials

• Valentin H. K. Fell,
• Joseph Cameron,
• Alexander L. Kanibolotsky,
• Eman J. Hussien and
• Peter J. Skabara

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2022, 18, 944–955, doi:10.3762/bjoc.18.94

• a certain application, for example where charge transport is more important than photoluminescence quantum yield or vice versa. Introducing alkyl chains can provide solubility, enabling facile solution processing, such as device printing techniques [13]. Hence, there is an ongoing interest in

• , we published a series of ‘bent’ diindenodithienothiophene derivatives (2–4, Figure 2) [16]. It was observed that oxidising the central sulfur atom significantly increased the solution photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) from 0.004 (3) to 0.72 (4). The diketo derivative 5 of compound 2 has been

Post-synthesis from Lewis acid–base interaction: an alternative way to generate light and harvest triplet excitons

• Hengjia Liu and
• Guohua Xie

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2022, 18, 825–836, doi:10.3762/bjoc.18.83

• feasible to be bound with pyridine groups. As shown in Figure 3a, the protonation by CSA resulted in a significant red-shift in the photoluminescence (PL) spectrum, which was similar to the cases caused by other Lewis acids such as methanesulfonic acid (MSA) and dichloracetic acid (DCA). Wang et al. used

• molecular synthesis. Lewis acid–base interactions found some promising applications in band gap engineering, photoluminescence, and electroluminescence. The in-depth study of the mechanisms of this phenomenon could inspire the innovation in cutting-edge researches beyond organic light-emitting diodes [29

• by 330 nm) for 35DCzPPy (compound 14), B(C6F5)3, B(C6H5)3, 35DCzPPy:B(C6F5)3 (1:1), and 35DCzPPy:B(C6H5)3 (1:1) in films. (c) Fluorescence decay curves for the solid films of 35DCzPPy, 35DCzPPy:B(C6H5)3, and 35DCzPPy:B(C6F5)3 recorded at photoluminescence maxima (385, 435, and 509 nm) at room

Comparative study of thermally activated delayed fluorescent properties of donor–acceptor and donor–acceptor–donor architectures based on phenoxazine and dibenzo[a,j]phenazine

• Saika Izumi,
• Prasannamani Govindharaj,
• Anna Drewniak,
• Paola Zimmermann Crocomo,
• Satoshi Minakata,
• Leonardo Evaristo de Sousa,
• Piotr de Silva,
• Przemyslaw Data and
• Youhei Takeda

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2022, 18, 459–468, doi:10.3762/bjoc.18.48

• -state photoluminescence (PL) spectra were acquired (Figure 2, and the summary of the properties presented in Table 1). The solutions were prepared with a variety of organic solvents at concentrations of ca. 10−5 M. It is noted that the solubility of 1 in cyclohexane is quite low, and thereby the

• the D–A compound 1 compared to POZ-DBPHZ reflects the contribution of an additional donor to relaxation of the molecular geometry in the excited state. The photoluminescence quantum yield (ΦPL) of the D–A compound 1 is lower (0.13 in cyclohexane) than that of the D–A–D compound POZ-DBPHZ (0.33) [17

• performed using a time-resolved spectroscopic technique (Figure 3). Time-resolved photoluminescence (PL) from a blended film (1 wt % of 1 in Zeonex®) at 300 K showed two-components emission consisting of a prompt fluorescence (PF) that decays within the order of nanoseconds and a delayed fluorescence (DF

Effect of a twin-emitter design strategy on a previously reported thermally activated delayed fluorescence organic light-emitting diode

• Ettore Crovini,
• Zhen Zhang,
• Yu Kusakabe,
• Yongxia Ren,
• Yoshimasa Wada,
• Bilal A. Naqvi,
• Prakhar Sahay,
• Tomas Matulaitis,
• Stefan Diesing,
• Ifor D. W. Samuel,
• Wolfgang Brütting,
• Katsuaki Suzuki,
• Hironori Kaji,
• Stefan Bräse and
• Eli Zysman-Colman

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 2894–2905, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.197

• nm compared to that of ICzTRZ at 475 nm and showed a comparable photoluminescence quantum yield of 57.1% in a 20 wt % CzSi film versus 63.3% for ICzTRZ. The emitter was then incorporated within a solution-processed organic light-emitting diode that showed a maximum external quantum efficiency of 8.4

• present high photoluminescence quantum yields, ΦPL, of 75.2% and 71.9%, respectively, and delayed fluorescence lifetimes, τd, of 25.48 μs and 34.31 μs, respectively. The devices produced with these materials reached maximum external quantum efficiencies (EQEmax) values of 14.5% and 30% at low brightness

• nearly complete horizontal orientation in a wide number of host matrices. The best combination of properties was obtained in mCBP as a host, with the photoluminescence maximum wavelength, λPL of 479 nm, ΦPL of 70%, and a τd of 121.1 μs for the vacuum-deposited doped film. The anisotropy factor (a) in 5

Design, synthesis and photophysical properties of novel star-shaped truxene-based heterocycles utilizing ring-closing metathesis, Clauson–Kaas, Van Leusen and Ullmann-type reactions as key tools

• Shakeel Alvi and
• Rashid Ali

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 1374–1384, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.96

• ]. More interestingly, the high fluorescence quantum yield as well as the excellent photoluminescence quantum efficiency in addition to extraordinary thermal stability are the most significant characteristics of these systems. Interestingly, this versatile C3-symmetric aromatic framework can also formally

Synthesis, structural characterization, and optical properties of benzo[f]naphtho[2,3-b]phosphoindoles

• Mio Matsumura,
• Takahiro Teramoto,
• Masato Kawakubo,
• Masatoshi Kawahata,
• Yuki Murata,
• Kentaro Yamaguchi,
• Masanobu Uchiyama and
• Shuji Yasuike

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 671–677, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.56

• the pentacyclic ring is almost planar. Fluorescence spectroscopy data showed that the phosphole derivatives, such as phosphine oxide and the phospholium salt and borane complex exhibited photoluminescence in chloroform. Keywords: benzo[f]naphtho[2,3-b]phosphoindole; molecular structure; optical

• solution. Fluorescence spectroscopy data showed that the phosphole derivatives, such as a phosphine oxide, phospholium salt, and borane complex, exhibited photoluminescence in chloroform. The π and π* levels in all-functionalized phosphole derivatives are lower than those of the parent phosphole, owing to

Exploring the possibility of using fluorine-involved non-conjugated electron-withdrawing groups for thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitters by TD-DFT calculation

• Dongyang Chen and
• Eli Zysman-Colman

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 210–223, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.21

• carbazoles was disposed meta or para to the cyano acceptor [19]. OLEDs fabricated using 2,6-2CzBN as the emitter exhibited deep blue emission with λEL = 418 nm and CIE coordinate of (0.15, 0.05); however, due to the low photoluminescence quantum yields (ΦPLs) (28% in 10 wt % DPEPO films) and relatively slow

Naphthalonitriles featuring efficient emission in solution and in the solid state

• Sidharth Thulaseedharan Nair Sailaja,
• Iván Maisuls,
• Jutta Kösters,
• Alexander Hepp,
• Andreas Faust,
• Jens Voskuhl and
• Cristian A. Strassert

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 2960–2970, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.246

• scattering (DLS). The steady-state and time-resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy studies revealed that all the molecules show intense fluorescence both in solution and in the aggregated state. In THF solutions, a blue emission was observed for the unsubstituted (H), methyl- (Me) and tert-butyl- (t-Bu

• , the π-donor nature of the substituents on the phenyl ring constitutes the main parameter that influences the photophysical properties, such as excited state lifetimes and photoluminescence quantum yields. Hence, a series of highly luminescent materials from deep blue to red emission depending on

• aromatic rings that emit efficiently in very dilute solutions. However, the photoluminescence quantum yields tend to decrease or even fully quench in the aggregated or solid states, due to the well-known effect of aggregation caused quenching (ACQ) [9][10]. This is mainly related to intersystem crossing

Heterogeneous photocatalysis in flow chemical reactors

• Christopher G. Thomson,
• Ai-Lan Lee and
• Filipe Vilela

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 1495–1549, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.125

• ][124][125][126][127]. Despite its structural similarities to graphite, the charge carrier mobility in g-C3N4 is significantly different. Transient absorption and transient photoluminescence (TRPL) spectroscopy analysis of a set of g-C3N4 materials found that the charge transport was predominantly

• (HER). The FSO-FS polymer displayed the highest rates of hydrogen evolution (170 μmol⋅h−1), significantly higher than its structural isomer FSO-FSz. The authors studied the charge transfer dynamics of the different polymers through temperature-dependent photoluminescence, photoelectrochemical

Development of fluorinated benzils and bisbenzils as room-temperature phosphorescent molecules

• Shigeyuki Yamada,
• Takuya Higashida,
• Yizhou Wang,
• Masato Morita,
• Takuya Hosokai,
• Kaveendra Maduwantha,
• Kaveenga Rasika Koswattage and
• Tsutomu Konno

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 1154–1162, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.102

• photophysical properties of the benzil and bisbenzil derivatives in toluene at 25 °C showed both fluorescence with a photoluminescence (PL) band at a maximum wavelength (λPL) of around 400 nm and phosphorescence with a PL band at a λPL of around 560 nm. Interestingly, intersystem crossing effectively caused

• concentrations in toluene were 1.0 × 10−5 and 1.0 × 10−3 M for the absorption and photoluminescence (PL) measurements, respectively, and the absorption and PL spectra are shown in Figure 4. The photophysical data obtained from these measurements are summarized in Table 1. The methoxy-substituted fluorinated

• derivatives previously developed by our group and (B) phosphorescent molecular structures intended for this work. Mulliken charge distributions of fluorinated 1a and nonfluorinated 1c obtained from density functional theory calculations [CAM-B3LYP/6-31+G(d) level]. Absorption and photoluminescence (PL