Synthesis of highly active ETS-10-based titanosilicate for heterogeneously catalyzed transesterification of triglycerides

• Muhammad A. Zaheer,
• David Poppitz,
• Khavar Feyzullayeva,
• Marianne Wenzel,
• Jörg Matysik,
• Radomir Ljupkovic,
• Aleksandra Zarubica,
• Alexander A. Karavaev,
• Andreas Pöppl,
• Roger Gläser and
• Muslim Dvoyashkin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2039–2061, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.200

• coefficient of adsorbed triolein (pulsed field gradient NMR), pore interconnectivity (variable temperature and exchange spectroscopy experiments using hyperpolarized 129Xe NMR) and oxidation state of Ti atoms (electron paramagnetic resonance). The obtained results enabled the detailed understanding of the

• expectedly showed no signals of Ti(III) around 3500 G due to its oxidation state Ti(IV), which is diamagnetic and thus EPR-silent. Both samples, C-P-ETS-10/60 and P-ETS-10/60, display a typical signal of high spin Fe(III) of dispersed paramagnetic centers. Their g-value of 4.3 is indicative of a large axial

The influence of porosity on nanoparticle formation in hierarchical aluminophosphates

• Matthew E. Potter,
• Lauren N. Riley,
• Alice E. Oakley,
• Panashe M. Mhembere,
• June Callison and
• Robert Raja

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1952–1957, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.191

• average oxidation state (Auδ+, Figure S11, Supporting Information File 1) than the Au foil (Au0) [20]. In all cases the data was satisfactorily fit with a single Au–Au path, at a bond distance of 2.85–2.86 Å (Figure 3 and Table 1). The Au coordination number for all Au/SAPO-5 systems was found to be lower

Facile synthesis of carbon nanotube-supported NiO//Fe₂O₃ for all-solid-state supercapacitors

• Shengming Zhang,
• Xuhui Wang,
• Yan Li,
• Xuemei Mu,
• Yaxiong Zhang,
• Jingwei Du,
• Guo Liu,
• Xiaohui Hua,
• Yingzhuo Sheng,
• Erqing Xie and
• Zhenxing Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1923–1932, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.188

• (Figure 3c) shows 2p1/2 and 2p3/2 at 725.47 eV and 711.78 eV, respectively, with the doublet separation of 13.69 eV. There are two typical satellite peaks at 719.00 eV and 732.02 eV, indicating the Fe3+ oxidation state [28][29]. The O 1s spectrum (Figure 3d) shows three peaks at 532.48 eV, 531.43 eV, and

• (Figure 6c) shows the Ni 2p1/2 and Ni 2p3/2 at 873.77 eV and 856.12 eV, respectively, along with two satellite peaks at 879.88 eV and 861.66 eV, indicating the existence of Ni in the oxidation state Ni2+ [12][36]. The spectrum of O 1s (Figure 6d) shows two peaks at 532.53 eV and 531.23 eV, corresponding

Synthesis of nickel/gallium nanoalloys using a dual-source approach in 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazole ionic liquids

• Ilka Simon,
• Julius Hornung,
• Juri Barthel,
• Jörg Thomas,
• Maik Finze,
• Roland A. Fischer and
• Christoph Janiak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1754–1767, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.171

• weak magnetic features with saturation magnetization values below 1 emu/gNi at 300 K [15]. Ni nanoparticles can easily be prepared from bis(1,5-cyclooctadiene)nickel(0) (Ni(COD)2) in organic solvents [16] with the Ni atom already in the oxidation state zero and a low decomposition temperature of 60 °C

• oxidation state +1, was reported to form phase-pure NiGa and Ni3Ga nanoparticles with Ni(COD)2 in the ionic liquid [BMIm][BF4] under microwave-induced pyrolysis at 230 °C [30]. GaCp* is reported to be thermally stable in organic solvents in the absence of hydrogen to up to 300 °C [43]. In imidazolium-based

High-temperature resistive gas sensors based on ZnO/SiC nanocomposites

• Vadim B. Platonov,
• Marina N. Rumyantseva,
• Alexander S. Frolov,
• Alexey D. Yapryntsev and
• Alexander M. Gaskov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1537–1547, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.151

• –O and ether groups, respectively [24] (Figure 5b). For ZnO nanofibers and the ZnO/SiC_15 nanocomposite, the XPS spectra in the Zn 2p region depicted in Figure 6a,b contain only one component related to Zn in (+2) oxidation state. The XPS spectra in the O 1s region (Figure 6c,d) contain two

Alloyed Pt₃M (M = Co, Ni) nanoparticles supported on S- and N-doped carbon nanotubes for the oxygen reduction reaction

• Stéphane Louisia,
• Yohann R. J. Thomas,
• Pierre Lecante,
• Marie Heitzmann,
• M. Rosa Axet,
• Pierre-André Jacques and
• Philippe Serp

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1251–1269, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.125

• to Pt(II) and Pt(IV) oxidation state species. The presence of Pt oxide and hydroxide is common for ultrafine Pt NPs [90][91][92]. The Co 2p region of the XPS spectrum (Supporting Information File 1, Figure S10b) reveals the presence of Co on the surface of the catalyst. The Co is mainly observed

• to metallic Pt(0). The metallic state represents 60.1 wt % of the sample. The doublets at 72.1/75.2 eV and 73.1/76.6 eV are assigned to PtO and Pt(OH)2 oxidation state species, respectively. The Ni 2p region of the XPS spectrum is presented in Supporting Information File 1, Figure S11b. The

Imaging the surface potential at the steps on the rutile TiO₂(110) surface by Kelvin probe force microscopy

• Masato Miyazaki,
• Huan Fei Wen,
• Quanzhen Zhang,
• Yuuki Adachi,
• Jan Brndiar,
• Ivan Štich,
• Yan Jun Li and
• Yasuhiro Sugawara

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1228–1236, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.122

• , 2 min) because O2 affects the oxidation state and thus the electron density on the surface. KPFM measurements were carried out in the frequency-modulation mode [46]. An ac bias voltage (VAC) at the frequency fAC and a dc bias voltage (VDC) were applied to the sample. VDC was adjusted to compensate

Structural and optical properties of penicillamine-protected gold nanocluster fractions separated by sequential size-selective fractionation

• Xiupei Yang,
• Zhengli Yang,
• Fenglin Tang,
• Jing Xu,
• Maoxue Zhang and
• Martin M. F. Choi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 955–966, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.96

• shifted by 0.76 eV with respect to the largest clusters (F36%). The trend of this shift is closely related to the oxidation state of Au, and its magnitude is similar to that of other Au(I) complexes [31]. The analysis of the S 2p peak is a reliable method for assessing the chemical bonds of sulfur atoms

Synthesis of MnO₂–CuO–Fe₂O₃/CNTs catalysts: low-temperature SCR activity and formation mechanism

• Yanbing Zhang,
• Lihua Liu,
• Yingzan Chen,
• Xianglong Cheng,
• Chengjian Song,
• Mingjie Ding and
• Haipeng Zhao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 848–855, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.85

• 654.2 and 642.4 eV, attributed to Mn 2p1/2 and Mn 2p3/2, respectively, can be observed. These values together with the energy separation of 11.8 eV demonstrate the formation of MnO2 [26]. The high oxidation state of MnO2 is advantageous to the SCR reaction [27], which is in accordance with the results

On the transformation of “zincone”-like into porous ZnO thin films from sub-saturated plasma enhanced atomic layer deposition

• Alberto Perrotta,
• Julian Pilz,
• Stefan Pachmajer,
• Antonella Milella and
• Anna Maria Coclite

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 746–759, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.74

• oxidation state of carbon functionalities could lead to a more controlled removal of the organic fraction and, in turn, void formation. Van de Kerckhove et al. [29] recently demonstrated that the heating rate in the calcination of MLD alucone to form porous alumina has a significant impact on the final open

The effect of translation on the binding energy for transition-metal porphyrines adsorbed on Ag(111) surface

• Luiza Buimaga-Iarinca and
• Cristian Morari

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 706–717, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.70

• , the reduction of the oxidation state of Co and Fe in metalloporphyrins adsorbed on Ag(111) was shown experimentally [26]. The total Voronoi charges of the adsorbed molecules were calculated by summing up charges over all atoms. The last column in Table 2 show that these values are close to −0.2e, with

Integration of LaMnO_3+δ films on platinized silicon substrates for resistive switching applications by PI-MOCVD

• Raquel Rodriguez-Lamas,
• Dolors Pla,
• Odette Chaix-Pluchery,
• Benjamin Meunier,
• Fabrice Wilhelm,
• Andrei Rogalev,
• Laetitia Rapenne,
• Xavier Mescot,
• Quentin Rafhay,
• Hervé Roussel,
• Michel Boudard,
• Carmen Jiménez and
• Mónica Burriel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 389–398, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.38

• technique. We have developed three different growth strategies with which we are able to tune the oxygen content and Mn oxidation state moving from an orthorhombic to a rhombohedral structure for the active LaMnO3+δ material. Furthermore, a good resistive switching response has been obtained for LaMnO3+δ

• vapour deposition (PI-MOCVD). The structural transition between orthorhombic and rhombohedral phases has been correlated with δ and the manganese oxidation state of the films. Furthermore, the tuned LMO films integrated in a silicon-based substrate showed resistive switching behavior as a proof-of

• a mixed valence state of the manganese cation (Mn3+/Mn4+). The variation of the Mn oxidation state for the same series of LMO films measured by Raman was confirmed by XANES (Figure 7). The local geometry of Mn was extracted from the pre-edge feature. For all the spectra, the absence of a sharp pre

Raman study of flash-lamp annealed aqueous Cu₂ZnSnS₄ nanocrystals

• Yevhenii Havryliuk,
• Oleksandr Selyshchev,
• Mykhailo Valakh,
• Alexandra Raevskaya,
• Oleksandr Stroyuk,
• Constance Schmidt,
• Volodymyr Dzhagan and
• Dietrich R. T. Zahn

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 222–227, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.20

• analysis, that confirmed the presence of all the expected elements (Cu, Zn, Sn, S), while high-resolution core-level spectra were acquired to prove the oxidation state expected for the CZTS compound (Supporting Information File 1, Figure S2). The Raman spectra presented in the manuscript were acquired with

Wet chemistry route for the decoration of carbon nanotubes with iron oxide nanoparticles for gas sensing

• Hussam M. Elnabawy,
• Juan Casanova-Chafer,
• Badawi Anis,
• Mostafa Fedawy,
• Mattia Scardamaglia,
• Carla Bittencourt,
• Ahmed S. G. Khalil,
• Eduard Llobet and
• Xavier Vilanova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 105–118, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.10

• determine the oxidation state of iron in the nanoparticles that decorate the CNT sidewalls. These results are shown in Figure 5. A description and coding of the samples analyzed as well as their chemical composition derived from the XPS analysis is summarized in Table 1. The values of the content for each

• a shake-up satellite (blue component) according to Grosvenor et al. [29]. The energy position of these peaks, in particular the first one of the 4-component multiplet (710.0 eV) and the satellite (719.2 eV), indicates the presence of iron in the Fe(III) oxidation state (Fe3+), characteristic of

Zn/F-doped tin oxide nanoparticles synthesized by laser pyrolysis: structural and optical properties

• Florian Dumitrache,
• Iuliana P. Morjan,
• Elena Dutu,
• Ion Morjan,
• Claudiu Teodor Fleaca,
• Monica Scarisoreanu,
• Alina Ilie,
• Marius Dumitru,
• Cristian Mihailescu,
• Adriana Smarandache and
• Gabriel Prodan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 9–21, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.2

• in order to compensate the surface charging effects. From Figure 2 it can observed that in the case of ZTOst sample, Sn exhibits only one oxidation state, while the Zn doping is accompanied by the formation of a secondary SnO phase, see Figure 2a. Also, the binding energy of Sn in the Zn-doped SnO2

Nanostructure-induced performance degradation of WO₃·nH₂O for energy conversion and storage devices

• Zhenyin Hai,
• Mohammad Karbalaei Akbari,
• Zihan Wei,
• Danfeng Cui,
• Chenyang Xue,
• Hongyan Xu,
• Philippe M. Heynderickx,
• Francis Verpoort and
• Serge Zhuiykov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2845–2854, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.265

• . Figure 5b,c depicts the high-resolution XPS core-level W4f and O1s spectra, respectively. The W 4f orbitals in Figure 5b are almost identical in the three samples and can be resolved into W 4f5/2 and W 4f7/2. The two main peaks correspond to the W4f7/2 and W4f5/2 of the tungsten atoms in a +6 oxidation

• state [44][45]. The two peaks from the two samples synthesized with lower temperatures are both located at 35.9 eV and 38.0 eV, which is ca. 0.2 eV lower than the peak locations (ca. 36.1 eV and ca. 38.2 eV) in the WO3 sample synthesized at 180 °C. The very small peaks at ca. 34.6 eV in all three

Accurate control of the covalent functionalization of single-walled carbon nanotubes for the electro-enzymatically controlled oxidation of biomolecules

• Naoual Allali,
• Veronika Urbanova,
• Mathieu Etienne,
• Xavier Devaux,
• Martine Mallet,
• Brigitte Vigolo,
• Jean-Joseph Adjizian,
• Chris P. Ewels,
• Sven Oberg,
• Alexander V. Soldatov,
• Edward McRae,
• Yves Fort,
• Manuel Dossot and
• Victor Mamane

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2750–2762, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.257

• and 706.5 eV for 2p1/2 and 2p3/2 components, respectively, which are typical values for the Fe(II) oxidation state in ferrocene compounds [31]. Table 1 indicates that around 1–2 atom % Fe is detected in the samples functionalized with ferrocene derivatives (entries 3, 4, 5, 7 and 8), which is a low

• 706.5 eV for the 2p1/2 and 2p3/2 components, respectively, which are typical values for the Fe(II) oxidation state in ferrocene compounds [31]. A) TGA curves obtained under He for three samples. B) Derivative curve of the weight loss for the same three samples. Arrows indicate the main peaks in

Size-selected Fe₃O₄–Au hybrid nanoparticles for improved magnetism-based theranostics

• Maria V. Efremova,
• Yulia A. Nalench,
• Eirini Myrovali,
• Anastasiia S. Garanina,
• Ivan S. Grebennikov,
• Polina K. Gifer,
• Maxim A. Abakumov,
• Marina Spasova,
• Makis Angelakeris,
• Alexander G. Savchenko,
• Michael Farle,
• Natalia L. Klyachko,
• Alexander G. Majouga and
• Ulf Wiedwald

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2684–2699, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.251

• properties in biocompatible Fe3O4 NPs is of utmost importance for improved performance in MPH, MRI, or MPI [16][17]. It is essential to obtain Fe3O4 NPs of high crystallinity with bulk-like magnetic properties, which change with the NP size, shape and iron oxidation state [18][19][20]. These parameters can

Lead-free hybrid perovskites for photovoltaics

• Oleksandr Stroyuk

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2209–2235, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.207

• nanoscale levels with respect to the performance and stability of perovskite-based solar light converters. The survey starts from HPs with lead ions partially substituted by isovalent cations of other less toxic metals, then focuses on lead-free HPs where the central metal ion is in the oxidation state of

Localized photodeposition of catalysts using nanophotonic resonances in silicon photocathodes

• Evgenia Kontoleta,
• Sven H. C. Askes,
• Lai-Hung Lai and
• Erik C. Garnett

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2097–2105, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.198

• irradiation had caused the formation of nanoparticles. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS) mapping clearly confirmed the presence of platinum, when an individual newly formed particle was analyzed (Figure 3d and Figure 3e). Furthermore, the oxidation state of platinum was investigated with X-ray photo

Synthesis of rare-earth metal and rare-earth metal-fluoride nanoparticles in ionic liquids and propylene carbonate

• Marvin Siebels,
• Lukas Mai,
• Laura Schmolke,
• Kai Schütte,
• Juri Barthel,
• Junpei Yue,
• Jörg Thomas,
• Bernd M. Smarsly,
• Anjana Devi,
• Roland A. Fischer and
• Christoph Janiak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1881–1894, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.180

• not done, because matching of the F Kα1 binding energy against the Lα1 or Lβ1 binding energies for Eu, Gd and Er is not very accurate. The measured oxidation state 3+ of the rare-earth metals in the fluorides was corroborated by high-resolution X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (HR-XPS) (Figure 4 and

• short air contact upon transfer from a Schlenk flask into the TEM and XPS. The oxidation state zero of gadolinium and erbium, i.e., the formation of Gd(0) and Er(0) metal NPs were indirectly supported by the measured XPS binding energies of oxygen and fluorine (Figure 8, Table 3 and Figure S7c

Toward the use of CVD-grown MoS₂ nanosheets as field-emission source

• Geetanjali Deokar,
• Nitul S. Rajput,
• Junjie Li,
• Francis Leonard Deepak,
• Wei Ou-Yang,
• Nicolas Reckinger,
• Carla Bittencourt,
• Jean-Francois Colomer and
• Mustapha Jouiad

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1686–1694, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.160

• very small contribution corresponding to MoO3 (Mo6+ oxidation state) phases was also observed (Figure 2b) with Mo 3d5/2 and Mo 3d3/2 component peaks at 232.7 and 235.6 eV, respectively [24]. Additionally, the presence of the main MoS2 phase (corresponding to the observed major peaks) is confirmed by

• the S 2p core-level spectrum fit presented in Figure 2c, with the S 2p3/2 and S 2p1/2 component peaks appearing at 161.8 and 163 (MoS3) eV (Table S1, Supporting Information File 1), respectively, with a spin–orbit energy separation of 1.2 eV corresponding to MoS2 (S2− oxidation state) [24]. In the O

Cr(VI) remediation from aqueous environment through modified-TiO₂-mediated photocatalytic reduction

• Rashmi Acharya,
• Brundabana Naik and
• Kulamani Parida

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1448–1470, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.137

A novel copper precursor for electron beam induced deposition

• Caspar Haverkamp,
• George Sarau,
• Mikhail N. Polyakov,
• Ivo Utke,
• Marcos V. Puydinger dos Santos,
• Silke Christiansen and
• Katja Höflich

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1220–1227, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.113

• function of the resulting material since the permittivity of a metal depends on the oxidation state. To survey the oxidation state in detail, cross-sections of FEBID deposits were investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Figure 2c and Figure 2d show the inner FEBID structure of the copper

Cyclodextrin inhibits zinc corrosion by destabilizing point defect formation in the oxide layer

• Abdulrahman Altin,
• Maciej Krzywiecki,
• Adnan Sarfraz,
• Cigdem Toparli,
• Claudius Laska,
• Philipp Kerger,
• Aleksandar Zeradjanin,
• Karl J. J. Mayrhofer,
• Michael Rohwerder and
• Andreas Erbe

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 936–944, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.86

• Pauling electronegativity [46]. Briefly, the lower α, the higher is the oxidation state of the species [44][45]. UPS measurements were done for probing only the outer surface of the system, utilizing the He II spectral line at 40.8 eV of an UV source (SPECS UVS 300). The emitted photoelectrons were