Sidewall angle tuning in focused electron beam-induced processing

• Sangeetha Hari,
• Willem F. van Dorp,
• Johannes J. L. Mulders,
• Piet H. F. Trompenaars,
• Pieter Kruit and
• Cornelis W. Hagen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 447–456, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.40

• structures by removing the undesired carbon remnants from organometallic precursors [5][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18]. Another example is a study of the etching rate and the etching profiles achieved in FEBIE with water on diamond samples [19]. Most studies were limited to etching of planar surfaces

• . Although etching on a slope has been experimentally demonstrated with the slimming of nanowires [20], the shape evolution during etching on sloped surfaces has not been studied thoroughly. Ten carbon deposits were made, 300 nm in width and 500 nm in length, identically patterned at a centre-to-centre

• of the chamber and other open surfaces. Additionally, on letting in water after deposition, the contamination level was found to be higher. This is consistent with reports of increased diffusion of hydrocarbons in the presence of adsorbed water layers. Therefore, to maintain clean working conditions

Unveiling the nature of atomic defects in graphene on a metal surface

• Karl Rothe,
• Nicolas Néel and
• Jörg Kröger

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 416–425, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.37

• of defects. Experimental A combined STM-AFM was operated in ultrahigh vacuum (5 × 10−9 Pa) and at low temperature (5 K). Surfaces of Ir(111) were cleaned by Ar+ ion bombardement and annealing. The epitaxial growth of graphene proceeded by exposing the heated (1300 K) Ir(111) surface to the gaseous

• . Before presenting the AFM results, a comparison of the defect spectra in Figure 1d,e with previous results obtained for atomic-scale defects in graphene on other surfaces is noteworthy. Very pronounced electronic resonances localized at vacancy defects were reported for graphite surfaces [13], graphene

Insect attachment on waxy plant surfaces: the effect of pad contamination by different waxes

• Elena V. Gorb and
• Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 385–395, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.35

• contamination of insect adhesive pads with three-dimensional epicuticular waxes of different plant species contributes to the reduction of insect attachment. We measured traction forces of tethered Chrysolina fastuosa male beetles having hairy adhesive pads on nine wax-bearing plant surfaces differing in both

• tested insects showed a strong reduction of the maximum traction force on all waxy plant surfaces compared to the reference experiment on glass (gl1). After beetles have walked on waxy plant substrates, their adhesive pads were contaminated with wax material, however, to different extents depending on

• cases of the plant surfaces covered with wax projections having higher aspect ratios. The data obtained clearly indicated the impact of waxy plant surfaces on the insect ability to subsequently attach to the clean smooth surface. This effect is caused by the contamination of adhesive pads and

Investigating ripple pattern formation and damage profiles in Si and Ge induced by 100 keV Ar⁺ ion beam: a comparative study

• Indra Sulania,
• Harpreet Sondhi,
• Tanuj Kumar,
• Sunil Ojha,
• G R Umapathy,
• Ambuj Mishra,
• Ambuj Tripathi,
• Richa Krishna,
• Devesh Kumar Avasthi and
• Yogendra Kumar Mishra

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 367–375, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.33

• Research and Innovation, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies University, Dehradun 248007, India 10.3762/bjnano.15.33 Abstract Desired modifications of surfaces at the nanoscale may be achieved using energetic ion beams. In the present work, a complete study of self-assembled ripple pattern

• to knock them out of the surfaces through an outwardly directed momentum. This process is known as sputtering [26], and the number of ejected atoms per ion is given by the sputtering yield, Y(θ). It is clearly visible that Y is a function of the incident angle θ, and it maximizes around θ ≈ 60°. Ion

• chosen from the literature [37][38] as 3, 5, 7, and 9 × 1017 ions/cm2 to induce complete amorphization within the two surfaces up to the ion range. The ion irradiation experiment was performed in the 90-degree beam line dedicated for materials science experiments in the Low-Energy Ion Beam (LEIB

Controllable physicochemical properties of WO_x thin films grown under glancing angle

• Rupam Mandal,
• Aparajita Mandal,
• Alapan Dutta,
• Rengasamy Sivakumar,
• Sanjeev Kumar Srivastava and
• Tapobrata Som

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 350–359, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.31

• valuable information on the work function of a variety of films’ surfaces. Mathematically, the sample work function (ϕsample) can be expressed as: where the contact potential difference between the sample and the tip is denoted by VCPD and the ϕtip is the work function of the tip [44]. Figure 4a–d presents

Comparative electron microscopy particle sizing of TiO₂ pigments: sample preparation and measurement

• Ralf Theissmann,
• Christopher Drury,
• Markus Rohe,
• Thomas Koch,
• Jochen Winkler and
• Petr Pikal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 317–332, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.29

• likely because primary particles may be partially fused within aggregates and have some inaccessible surfaces for SSA measurements. To demonstrate the relationship between EM-based primary particle size measurements and other macroscopic measurements, we compared CIELAB colour parameters with MinFeret

Exploring the relationships between physiochemical properties of nanoparticles and cell damage to combat cancer growth using simple periodic table-based descriptors

• Joyita Roy and
• Kunal Roy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 297–309, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.27

• a vital role in adhesion to the hydro–water interface and solid surfaces, providing an idea about the viability and permeability of the cell membrane under stress. As most of the cell surface carries a negative charge, metals with higher zeta potential can easily enter the cell and increase the

Multiscale modelling of biomolecular corona formation on metallic surfaces

• Parinaz Mosaddeghi Amini,
• Ian Rouse,
• Julia Subbotina and
• Vladimir Lobaskin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 215–229, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.21

• modelling of the interaction between various surfaces, that is (100), (110), and (111), of fcc aluminum with the most abundant milk proteins and lactose. Our approach combines atomistic molecular dynamics, a coarse-grained model of protein adsorption, and kinetic Monte Carlo simulations to predict the

• protein corona composition in the deposited milk layer on aluminum surfaces. We consider a simplified model of milk, which is composed of the six most abundant milk proteins found in natural cow milk and lactose, which is the most abundant sugar found in dairy. Through our study, we ranked selected

• proteins and lactose adsorption affinities based on their corresponding interaction strength with aluminum surfaces and predicted the content of the naturally forming biomolecular corona. Our comprehensive investigation sheds light on the implications of aluminum in food processing and packaging

Ion beam processing of DNA origami nanostructures

• Leo Sala,
• Agnes Zerolová,
• Violaine Vizcaino,
• Alain Mery,
• Alicja Domaracka,
• Hermann Rothard,
• Philippe Boduch,
• Dominik Pinkas and
• Jaroslav Kocišek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 207–214, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.20

• at least 10 s at a distance of 0.2 mm. A volume of 1 μL of a 6 nM DNA origami solution was then dropped onto the Si chips together with 15 μL of 10× FOB and allowed to incubate for 1 h over an ethanol bath. The surfaces were thoroughly washed with at least 1 mL of 50% ethanol and then dried carefully

Graphene removal by water-assisted focused electron-beam-induced etching – unveiling the dose and dwell time impact on the etch profile and topographical changes in SiO₂ substrates

• Aleksandra Szkudlarek,
• Jan M. Michalik,
• Inés Serrano-Esparza,
• Zdeněk Nováček,
• Veronika Novotná,
• Piotr Ozga,
• Czesław Kapusta and
• José María De Teresa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 190–198, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.18

• (and their different adsorption mechanisms on quartz or amorphous silica surfaces), which would be responsible for those topographical changes. This hypothesis could also be supported by the fact that OH− groups can easily interact with the H-terminated surface of amorphous silica. However, they are

Nanocarrier systems loaded with IR780, iron oxide nanoparticles and chlorambucil for cancer theragnostics

• Phuong-Thao Dang-Luong,
• Hong-Phuc Nguyen,
• Loc Le-Tuan,
• Xuan-Thang Cao,
• Vy Tran-Anh and
• Hieu Vu Quang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 180–189, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.17

• likewise negatively charged. Another element influencing NP elimination is glomerular filtration. However, endothelial cell surfaces are negatively charged [35], therefore less NPs will be excreted through the kidneys. In regard to extending the half-life of NPs in the bloodstream, the stealth surface of

• nanoparticle surfaces would assist the NPs to enter the cells. Therefore, F127 has been used as a nanoparticle component for drug delivery. For example, doxorubicin-loaded L61/F127 NPs (SP1049C, Supratek Pharma Inc., Montreal, Canada) have reached phase three in clinical trials [41][42]. The F127-folate@NP has

Modification of graphene oxide and its effect on properties of natural rubber/graphene oxide nanocomposites

• Nghiem Thi Thuong,
• Le Dinh Quang,
• Vu Quoc Cuong,
• Cao Hong Ha,
• Nguyen Ba Lam and
• Seiichi Kawahara

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 168–179, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.16

• –OH and –COOH groups on the GO surfaces and –OH group on silica particle surfaces [33]. However, the intensities of these signals decreased in the FTIR spectra of GO-VTES(a) and GO-VTES(b). This may be attributed to a decrease in the number of –OH groups of GO due to the reaction with VTES and the

• distilled water that was dropped onto GO and GO-VTES surfaces. The value of the contact angle elucidates the hydrophilicity or hydrophobicity of the surface. The higher the contact angle, the higher the hydrophobicity. The contact angle of GO is about 67°, and those of GO-VTES(a) and GO-VTES(b) are 91 and

• . However, in the case of GO-VTES(a), the hydrolysis was not completed. Thus, there were fewer –OH groups on the silica and GO surfaces. This result is in agreement with the 29Si NMR and ATR FTIR analysis. Thermal gravimetric analysis results The degradation behavior of GO-VTES was investigated with TGA

Ferromagnetic resonance spectra of linear magnetosome chains

• Elizaveta M. Gubanova and
• Nikolai A. Usov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 157–167, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.15

• surfaces of neighboring spherical particles is the sum of the thicknesses of the magnetosome shells 2Ten, where Ten = 4–6 nm is the characteristic thickness of the lipid magnetosome shell. The latter, apparently, weakly depends on the nanoparticle diameter. If this hypothesis is correct, then the average

In situ optical sub-wavelength thickness control of porous anodic aluminum oxide

• Aleksandrs Dutovs,
• Raimonds Popļausks,
• Oskars Putāns,
• Vladislavs Perkanuks,
• Aušrinė Jurkevičiūtė,
• Tomas Tamulevičius,
• Uldis Malinovskis,
• Iryna Olyshevets,
• Donats Erts and
• Juris Prikulis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 126–133, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.12

• can result in tens of nanometers PAAO thickness variation due to different anodization reaction rates on surfaces with different crystallographic orientation [20][23]. Additionally, it is known, that anodization of aluminum substrates with (100) surface orientation result in better pore ordering in

Study of the reusability and stability of nylon nanofibres as an antibody immobilisation surface

• Inés Peraile,
• Matilde Gil-García,
• Laura González-López,
• Nushin A. Dabbagh-Escalante,
• Juan C. Cabria-Ramos and
• Paloma Lorenzo-Lozano

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 83–94, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.8

• immobilisation surfaces in biosensors, it seems necessary to study those characteristics of the immobilisation surface that contribute to their lower cost. In this regard, this paper not only investigates the reuse of NFs, but also whether this immobilisation surface provides a longer life for an immunocapture

Influence of conductive carbon and MnCo₂O₄ on morphological and electrical properties of hydrogels for electrochemical energy conversion

• Sylwia Pawłowska,
• Karolina Cysewska,
• Yasamin Ziai,
• Jakub Karczewski,
• Piotr Jasiński and
• Sebastian Molin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 57–70, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.6

• electrochemically active surfaces. The great advantage of the 3D hydrogel structure is the increase of the catalytic surface area thanks to the possibility of conducting the electrochemical reaction deeper into the structure of the hydrogel. Generation of free space in the form of pores and network structure within

Curcumin-loaded nanostructured systems for treatment of leishmaniasis: a review

• Douglas Dourado,
• Thayse Silva Medeiros,
• Éverton do Nascimento Alencar,
• Edijane Matos Sales and
• Fábio Rocha Formiga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 37–50, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.4

• , sizes, charges, and modified surfaces which improves the leishmanicidal activity of curc and other control drugs. To date, only three in vivo studies in mice using nanostructured curc have been carried out. These were all based on polymers and metallic nanostructures. Despite the conducted

unDrift: A versatile software for fast offline SPM image drift correction

• Tobias Dickbreder,
• Franziska Sabath,
• Lukas Höltkemeier,
• Ralf Bechstein and
• Angelika Kühnle

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1225–1237, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.101

• properties of surfaces and interfaces across a variety of disciplines in chemistry and physics. One of the major artifacts in SPM is (thermal) drift, an unintended movement between sample and probe, which causes a distortion of the recorded SPM data. Literature holds a multitude of strategies to compensate

• force microscopy; calibration; drift correction; image correlation functions; periodic structures; scanning probe microscopy; Introduction In science and technology, scanning probe microscopy (SPM) techniques are widely used to study the structure and properties of surfaces and interfaces from the

• periodicity. This algorithm does not work reliably for perfectly periodic surfaces without any stationary features as all maxima would have the same intensity; thus, the algorithm cannot decide which maximum corresponds to the shift between the images [30]. For images exhibiting a periodic structure and

A combined gas-phase dissociative ionization, dissociative electron attachment and deposition study on the potential FEBID precursor [Au(CH₃)₂Cl]₂

• Elif Bilgilisoy,
• Ali Kamali,
• Thomas Xaver Gentner,
• Gerd Ballmann,
• Sjoerd Harder,
• Hans-Peter Steinrück,
• Hubertus Marbach and
• Oddur Ingólfsson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1178–1199, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.98

• composition and morphology of FEBID deposits fabricated in an ultrahigh-vacuum (UHV) chamber were explored on different surfaces and at varied beam currents. In the gas phase, dissociative ionization was found to lead to significant carbon loss from this precursor, and about 50% of the chlorine was on average

• nanostructures are critical for the enhancement of absorption and controlled scattering of light [10]. Focused-electron-beam-induced deposition (FEBID) is a direct writing method for controlled deposition/fabrication of nanostructures on either flat or nonflat surfaces. It offers excellent shape control and thus

• processes, rather than direct dissociation without new bond formation. Such rearrangement reactions generally proceed along convoluted paths on the respective potential energy surfaces, which are likely to be altered in the condensed phase or on a substrate surface. Furthermore, considering the current

Spatial variations of conductivity of self-assembled monolayers of dodecanethiol on Au/mica and Au/Si substrates

• Julian Skolaut,
• Jędrzej Tepper,
• Federica Galli,
• Wulf Wulfhekel and
• Jan M. van Ruitenbeek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1169–1177, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.97

• characteristics. Moreover, the probes used in CAFM are significantly sharper compared to, for example, mercury droplets or eGaIn, which makes it possible to avoid short circuits to the metallic surface relatively easily. In previous studies, CAFM has been used to investigate the conductivity of surfaces and SAMs

• SAM-covered surfaces was observed. This bears important consequences for the choice of substrates for studies on molecular SAMs; flat substrates are advantageous for such studies. Bare Au/Si and Au/mica substrates As mentioned above, two types of Au substrates were investigated, namely Au/Si and Au

• sample plane, this leads to larger variations in the local normal force when the tip lands on a slope. Therefore, the rougher topography is likely influencing the occurrence of high- and low-current areas. More specifically, this means that the conductance can appear higher on slopes and rough surfaces

Elasticity, an often-overseen parameter in the development of nanoscale drug delivery systems

• Agnes-Valencia Weiss and
• Marc Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1149–1156, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.95

• . HeLa cells show an enhanced uptake by RGD functionalization but it is still reduced in comparison to all hard formulations. Particles with RGD-modified surfaces are superior in tumor accumulation for both soft and hard HNPs, with softer particles showing an overall higher retention in the tumor. This

A multi-resistance wide-range calibration sample for conductive probe atomic force microscopy measurements

• François Piquemal,
• Khaled Kaja,
• Pascal Chrétien,
• José Morán-Meza,
• Frédéric Houzé,
• Christian Ulysse and
• Abdelmounaim Harouri

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1141–1148, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.94

• scanning conditions, current and resistance mapping as well as I–V spectroscopy over a wide range of current measurement (from 100 µA to less than 100 fA) (see Supporting Information File 1, section S1). Previous experiments have shown diamond-coated tips to be most suitable for imaging gold surfaces in

Density functional theory study of Au-fcc/Ge and Au-hcp/Ge interfaces

• Olga Sikora,
• Małgorzata Sternik,
• Benedykt R. Jany,
• Franciszek Krok,
• Przemysław Piekarz and
• Andrzej M. Oleś

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1093–1105, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.90

• . Deeper knowledge of surfaces and interfaces in heterostructures can play a crucial role in developing new methods for synthesizing such materials and in expanding their possible applications in nanoscience and nanotechnology. As a result of advances in computational methods and the increasing computer

• the investigated crystal planes and possible interfaces are introduced. Section Results and Discussion begins with convergence tests and calculations conducted for several low-index surfaces and simple Au/Ge interfaces. We then proceed to discussing several variants of a heterostructure with parallel

• , is the energy per atom in the X(Y) bulk form, nX(Y) is the number of X(Y) atoms in the XY supercell and Aint is the area of the interface. The work of separation (Wsep) is defined as the energy required to reversibly separate a bulk material into two semi-infinite bulks with free surfaces. Here we

Properties of tin oxide films grown by atomic layer deposition from tin tetraiodide and ozone

• Kristjan Kalam,
• Peeter Ritslaid,
• Tanel Käämbre,
• Aile Tamm and
• Kaupo Kukli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1085–1092, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.89

• peak at the binding energy typical of surface OH (Figure 10b). This might be related to the chemisorption and decomposition of environmental humidity, enhanced on more crystallised film surfaces. Such a surface OH contribution has been described earlier [33][34]. Complementarily, the valence-band

Dual-heterodyne Kelvin probe force microscopy

• Benjamin Grévin,
• Fatima Husainy,
• Dmitry Aldakov and
• Cyril Aumaître

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1068–1084, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.88

• mode (DHe-KPFM spectroscopy), and 2D dynamic images can be acquired in data cube mode. The capabilities of DHe-KPFM in terms of time-resolved measurements, surface photovoltage (SPV) imaging, and detection of weak SPV signals are demonstrated through a series of experiments on difference surfaces: a

• confinement in the vertical direction and their smooth surfaces with atomic thickness control, very precise control over the optical gap and exciton energy of NSs can be achieved through chemical synthesis, making them very interesting