Efficient method for propargylation of aldehydes promoted by allenylboron compounds under microwave irradiation

• Jucleiton J. R. Freitas,
• Queila P. S. B. Freitas,
• Silvia R. C. P. Andrade,
• Juliano C. R. Freitas,
• Roberta A. Oliveira and
• Paulo H. Menezes

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 168–174, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.19

• protocol for propargylation of aldehydes based on microwave irradiation should take into account not only the reaction itself but also an effective method for the extraction of the obtained products. Despite the excellent results described on Scheme 1, a factor that must be taken into consideration is the

Pigmentosins from Gibellula sp. as antibiofilm agents and a new glycosylated asperfuran from Cordyceps javanica

• Soleiman E. Helaly,
• Wilawan Kuephadungphan,
• Patima Phainuphong,
• Mahmoud A. A. Ibrahim,
• Kanoksri Tasanathai,
• Suchada Mongkolsamrit,
• Janet Jennifer Luangsa-ard,
• Souwalak Phongpaichit,
• Vatcharin Rukachaisirikul and
• Marc Stadler

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2019, 15, 2968–2981, doi:10.3762/bjoc.15.293

• extraction Submerged fermentation was done as described by Chepkirui and co-workers [48], with minor modifications. Pure cultures were inoculated in YMG liquid medium by cutting seven mycelial plugs (1 cm × 1 cm) from an actively growing colony into a 500 mL Erlenmeyer flask containing 200 mL of the same

Two new aromatic polyketides from a sponge-derived Fusarium

• Mada Triandala Sibero,
• Tao Zhou,
• Keisuke Fukaya,
• Daisuke Urabe,
• Ocky K. Karna Radjasa,
• Agus Sabdono,
• Agus Trianto and
• Yasuhiro Igarashi

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2019, 15, 2941–2947, doi:10.3762/bjoc.15.289

• % yeast extract, 1.5% Pharmamedia (Traders Protein), and 1% Diaion HP-20 (Mitsubishi Chemical Co.). The inoculated flasks were placed on a rotary shaker (200 rpm) at 30 °C for 7 days. Extraction and isolation Extraction and isolation of secondary metabolites from strain KJMT.FP.4.3 were carried out in a

• , tR 12.0 min), together with 7-O-methylrhodolamprometrin (4, 7.2 mg, tR 17.4 min), O-methylSMA93 (5, 7.4 mg, tR 13.2 min), tricinonoic acid (6, 3.7 mg, tR 13.1 min), and cyclonerodiol (7, 5.4 mg, tR 11.3 min) after evaporation and extraction with EtOAc. Rhodolamprometrin (3, 4.0 mg, tR 15.2 min) was

A green, economical synthesis of β-ketonitriles and trifunctionalized building blocks from esters and lactones

• Daniel P. Pienaar,
• Kamogelo R. Butsi,
• Amanda L. Rousseau and
• Dean Brady

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2019, 15, 2930–2935, doi:10.3762/bjoc.15.287

• enriched/purer in hemiketal 5 than that obtained using THF as the solvent. Pure product was readily obtained in 70% yield after purification by column chromatography. We reasoned that the lower aqueous miscibility of 2MeTHF, as compared to THF, resulted in a more efficient product extraction procedure

Palladium-catalyzed Sonogashira coupling reactions in γ-valerolactone-based ionic liquids

• László Orha,
• József M. Tukacs,
• László Kollár and
• László T. Mika

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2019, 15, 2907–2913, doi:10.3762/bjoc.15.284

• reuse of the catalyst was subsequently investigated by the model reaction of 0.5 mmol of 1a and 1.5 equiv of 2a in the presence of 0.5 mol % PdCl2(PPh3)2 at 55 °C for 2 h. After the first extraction of the product from the reaction mixture by the addition of 10 × 5 mL of pentane, 3a was isolated with a

Bacterial terpene biosynthesis: challenges and opportunities for pathway engineering

• Eric J. N. Helfrich,
• Geng-Min Lin,
• Christopher A. Voigt and
• Jon Clardy

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2019, 15, 2889–2906, doi:10.3762/bjoc.15.283

• the number of screens that can be done. Though genetic construction, culturing bacteria, terpenoid extraction, and chromatographic analysis can be carried out (semi-)automatedly, terpenoid structure elucidation constitutes another major bottleneck of these endeavors. At this end, the development of

Emission and biosynthesis of volatile terpenoids from the plasmodial slime mold Physarum polycephalum

• Xinlu Chen,
• Tobias G. Köllner,
• Wangdan Xiong,
• Guo Wei and
• Feng Chen

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2019, 15, 2872–2880, doi:10.3762/bjoc.15.281

• extraction temperatures. In our study, we aimed I) to determine whether P. polycephalum releases volatile terpenoids under normal growing conditions and II) to identify and characterize the genes for terpene biosynthesis in P. polycephalum. Our results will enable us to compare terpene chemistry and their

Carbazole-functionalized hyper-cross-linked polymers for CO₂ uptake based on Friedel–Crafts polymerization on 9-phenylcarbazole

• Dandan Fang,
• Xiaodong Li,
• Meishuai Zou,
• Xiaoyan Guo and
• Aijuan Zhang

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2019, 15, 2856–2863, doi:10.3762/bjoc.15.279

• . Then the solid product was separated by filtration, and the solid product was washed with first methanol, followed by THF, HCl/H2O 2:1 (v/v) and distilled water successively, further purified by Soxhlet extraction with MeOH for 24 h and then THF for another 24 h. Finally, the product was dried in a

Skeletocutins M–Q: biologically active compounds from the fruiting bodies of the basidiomycete Skeletocutis sp. collected in Africa

• Tian Cheng,
• Clara Chepkirui,
• Cony Decock,
• Josphat C. Matasyoh and
• Marc Stadler

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2019, 15, 2782–2789, doi:10.3762/bjoc.15.270

• speed ion trap, Bruker). Fungal material The fungal specimen was collected by C. Decock and J. C. Matasyoh in the Mount Elgon National Reserve [4]. The dried specimen and corresponding cultures were deposited in the MUCL collection (MUCL accession number: 56074). Extraction of the crude extract A

Unexpected one-pot formation of the 1H-6a,8a-epiminotricyclopenta[a,c,e][8]annulene system from cyclopentanone, ammonia and dimethyl fumarate. Synthesis of highly strained polycyclic nitroxide and EPR study

• Sergey A. Dobrynin,
• Igor A. Kirilyuk,
• Yuri V. Gatilov,
• Andrey A. Kuzhelev,
• Olesya A. Krumkacheva,
• Matvey V. Fedin,
• Michael K. Bowman and
• Elena G. Bagryanskaya

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2019, 15, 2664–2670, doi:10.3762/bjoc.15.259

• and ammonium acetate was refluxed in benzene in a Dean–Stark apparatus. The reaction mixture underwent a strong tarring and after standard extraction with aqueous sulfuric acid, the main product 1 was isolated in a low yield (ca. 5%, see Scheme 1). In another experiment a much higher yield was

Acid-catalyzed rearrangements in arenes: interconversions in the quaterphenyl series

• Sarah L. Skraba-Joiner,
• Carter J. Holt and
• Richard P. Johnson

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2019, 15, 2655–2663, doi:10.3762/bjoc.15.258

• minutes. After cooling, products were isolated by careful neutralization with saturated aqueous NaHCO3 and extraction with dichloromethane. The crude product mixture was purified by flash chromatography then analyzed using 1H NMR. The presence of oligomeric material was assessed on crude isolated product

Nanangenines: drimane sesquiterpenoids as the dominant metabolite cohort of a novel Australian fungus, Aspergillus nanangensis

• Heather J. Lacey,
• Cameron L. M. Gilchrist,
• Andrew Crombie,
• John A. Kalaitzis,
• Daniel Vuong,
• Peter J. Rutledge,
• Peter Turner,
• John I. Pitt,
• Ernest Lacey,
• Yit-Heng Chooi and
• Andrew M. Piggott

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2019, 15, 2631–2643, doi:10.3762/bjoc.15.256

• coverage of the grains. Extraction of the grains with acetone, followed by partitioning of the aqueous residue with EtOAc and defatting with hexane, provided an enriched extract of non-polar secondary metabolites. Fractionation by reversed-phase preparative HPLC (Figures S1 and S2 in Supporting Information

• profile. Preparative cultivation, extraction and isolation Two preparative-scale cultivations were carried out to produce sufficient quantities of the nanangenine family for characterisation and bioassay. Cultivation conditions were identical with the exception of growth medium. Culture A was prepared

Synthetic terpenoids in the world of fragrances: Iso E Super^® is the showcase

• Alexey Stepanyuk and
• Andreas Kirschning

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2019, 15, 2590–2602, doi:10.3762/bjoc.15.252

• of years dating back well before biblical times [2][3]. Plants and resins served as source for perfumes after alcoholic extraction. These extracts were not only used as fragrances but also as medicine (aqua mirabilis), aphrodisiac and elixir of life (aquavitae). In 1882 'Fougere Royale' was created

A toolbox of molecular photoswitches to modulate the CXCR3 chemokine receptor with light

• Xavier Gómez-Santacana,
• Sabrina M. de Munnik,
• Tamara A. M. Mocking,
• Niels J. Hauwert,
• Shanliang Sun,
• Prashanna Vijayachandran,
• Iwan J. P. de Esch,
• Henry F. Vischer,
• Maikel Wijtmans and
• Rob Leurs

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2019, 15, 2509–2523, doi:10.3762/bjoc.15.244

• , Supporting Information File 1), preventing the extraction of accurate functional values. The PDE value, which reflects efficacies of both the trans and PSS form, appears to have an optimum for 6f (Figure 4B). Figure 4B also shows more subtle behavior for compounds 4d and 6e, which harbor a PDE value of 0.43

Current understanding and biotechnological application of the bacterial diterpene synthase CotB2

• Ronja Driller,
• Daniel Garbe,
• Norbert Mehlmer,
• Monika Fuchs,
• Keren Raz,
• Dan Thomas Major,
• Thomas Brück and
• Bernhard Loll

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2019, 15, 2355–2368, doi:10.3762/bjoc.15.228

• with residual organic waste streams, such as milling or forestry waste. Additionally, the heterologous terpene production minimizes waste generation as the targeted production of a single compound reduces extraction and purification steps [24][25]. Additionally, heterologous production enables protein

• engineering to optimize product ratios or to alter the native product portfolio of the enzyme [9][26][27]. Furthermore, production by engineered microorganisms considerably reduces the cost compared to total chemical synthesis or extraction from natural sources, since the target compounds are produced from

Isolation and biosynthesis of an unsaturated fatty acid with unusual methylation pattern from a coral-associated bacterium Microbulbifer sp.

• Amit Raj Sharma,
• Enjuro Harunari,
• Tao Zhou,
• Agus Trianto and
• Yasuhiro Igarashi

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2019, 15, 2327–2332, doi:10.3762/bjoc.15.225

• sterilization. The inoculated flasks were incubated at 30 °C on a rotary shaker at 200 rpm for 5 days. Extraction and isolation After fermentation, 100 mL of 1-butanol was added to each production culture flask, and the flasks were allowed to shake for 1 h on a rotary shaker at 200 rpm. The mixture was

• 181.1230 [M − H]− (calcd for C11H17O2, 181.1229). Feeding experiment Feeding experiments were carried out using 13C-labeled precursors, sodium [1-13C]acetate and ʟ-[methyl-13C]methionine. The fermentation, extraction and purification of labeled compounds were performed in the same manner as describe for

Isolation of fungi using the diffusion chamber device FIND technology

• Benjamin Libor,
• Henrik Harms,
• Stefan Kehraus,
• Ekaterina Egereva,
• Max Crüsemann and
• Gabriele M. König

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2019, 15, 2191–2203, doi:10.3762/bjoc.15.216

• microorganisms (BCCM/IHEM, Brussels) by extracting DNA using their usual protocols and genomic DNA extraction kits and generation of partial sequences of DNA loci using standard primers of ITS1, ITS2, ITS4, 5.8S, RPBII, tef1α and β-tubulin. Digitalized and formatted DNA sequences were compared to reference

• (Leica, Wetzlar, Germany) and micromorphology was examined with an Olympus BX51 polarizing microscope (Olympus, Shinjuku, Japan) by analysis of conidia and mycelium to support the bioinformatic suggestions. Fermentation, extraction and isolation For cultivation of the marine isolates from the diffusion

Azologization and repurposing of a hetero-stilbene-based kinase inhibitor: towards the design of photoswitchable sirtuin inhibitors

• Christoph W. Grathwol,
• Nathalie Wössner,
• Sören Swyter,
• Adam C. Smith,
• Enrico Tapavicza,
• Robert K. Hofstetter,
• Anja Bodtke,
• Manfred Jung and
• Andreas Link

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2019, 15, 2170–2183, doi:10.3762/bjoc.15.214

• -30ADSF for liquid CO2 and two LC-20ADXR for modifier and make-up delivery), an on-line supercritical fluid extraction module (SFE-30A auto extractor equipped with 0.2 mL extraction vessels) for reaction monitoring, an autosampler (SIL-30AC) for purified compounds, a column thermostat (CTO-20AC) equipped

Genome mining in Trichoderma viride J1-030: discovery and identification of novel sesquiterpene synthase and its products

• Xiang Sun,
• You-Sheng Cai,
• Yujie Yuan,
• Guangkai Bian,
• Ziling Ye,
• Zixin Deng and
• Tiangang Liu

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2019, 15, 2052–2058, doi:10.3762/bjoc.15.202

• final product (Figure 4). Interestingly, during the extraction process, compound 2 was detected at a retention time of 14.53 min and identified as esterified compound 1 (Figure 4 and Table S4, Supporting Information File 1). Using the metabolic engineering strategy, the product of Tvi09626 was

• represent the esterification reaction during the extraction process. The 5/6 bicyclic sesquiterpene identified and characterised in this study was a brasilane-type sesquiterpenoid; this sesquiterpenoid type is typically isolated from cultures of the basidiomycete Coltricia sideroides in combination with its

• characterised as a 5/6 bicyclic sesquiterpene compound 1 oxygenated at C-11. Interestingly, esterified compound 1 was isolated during the product extraction process, suggesting an esterification reaction. It contained a quaternary carbon with two methyl groups, which is uncommon of the cyclization mechanism of

Bipolenins K–N: New sesquiterpenoids from the fungal plant pathogen Bipolaris sorokiniana

• Chin-Soon Phan,
• Hang Li,
• Simon Kessler,
• Peter S. Solomon,
• Andrew M. Piggott and
• Yit-Heng Chooi

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2019, 15, 2020–2028, doi:10.3762/bjoc.15.198

• (Phenomenex, 2.6 µm, 2.1 × 100 mm), and semi-preparative C18 (Grace, 5 µm, 10 × 250 mm) were used. All solvents used for extraction were analytical grade, and solvents for HPLC were HPLC grade. Biological material The fungal strain B. sorokiniana BRIP10943 was obtained from Queensland Plant Pathology

• Herbarium (BRIP). It was isolated from a wheat field at Hermitage, QLD, Australia. The fungus was maintained on potato dextrose agar (PDA). Extraction and isolation B. sorokiniana was cultured on 16 plates of V8PDA at 25 °C for 14 days, then inoculated in 4 L shake-flask culture (25 °C, 180 rpm for 22 days

Isolation and characterisation of irinans, androstane-type withanolides from Physalis peruviana L.

• Annika Stein,
• Dave Compera,
• Bianka Karge,
• Mark Brönstrup and
• Jakob Franke

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2019, 15, 2003–2012, doi:10.3762/bjoc.15.196

• used in combination with the separation gradient described below. Extraction and isolation of withanolides 140 g of 9 weeks old, whole Physalis peruviana plants were frozen in liquid nitrogen and ground to a fine powder. The powder was extracted with 500 mL H2O/MeOH (3:1) at room temperature for 3 h

A review of the total syntheses of triptolide

• Xiang Zhang,
• Zaozao Xiao and
• Hongtao Xu

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2019, 15, 1984–1995, doi:10.3762/bjoc.15.194

• difficulty in extraction of 40 and 41 from the large quantity of alumina. Dehydration of the mixture of 40 and 41 in benzene quantitatively afforded a 1:2 mixture of 42 and its C-3 epimer 41. Reduction of the epimers with sodium borohydride and subsequent treatment with hydrochloric acid (2 N) gave single

Analysis of sesquiterpene hydrocarbons in grape berry exocarp (Vitis vinifera L.) using in vivo-labeling and comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC×GC–MS)

• Philipp P. Könen and
• Matthias Wüst

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2019, 15, 1945–1961, doi:10.3762/bjoc.15.190

• measurement. The SPME extraction conditions were based on a slightly modified method described by Welke et al. [17]. Prior to SPME extraction, the samples were held at an incubation temperature of 45 °C for 10 min without stirring. The extraction was carried out at 45 °C for 30 min. After sampling the

Archangelolide: A sesquiterpene lactone with immunobiological potential from Laserpitium archangelica

• Silvie Rimpelová,
• Michal Jurášek,
• Lucie Peterková,
• Jiří Bejček,
• Vojtěch Spiwok,
• Miloš Majdl,
• Michal Jirásko,
• Miloš Buděšínský,
• Juraj Harmatha,
• Eva Kmoníčková,
• Pavel Drašar and
• Tomáš Ruml

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2019, 15, 1933–1944, doi:10.3762/bjoc.15.189

• archangelica Wulfen using supercritical CO2 extraction. We show that dansyl-archangelolide localizes in the endoplasmic reticulum of living cells similarly to trilobolide; localization in mitochondria was also detected. This led us to a more detailed study of the anticancer potential of archangelolide

• [12] was described, we aimed to develop a facile method for the isolation of these SLs from the seeds of Laserpitium archangelica Wulfen using supercritical CO2 extraction (SCE; for advantages of this method, see Supporting Information File 1, section 8). In our experience, any part of the plant may

• be used for extraction of compound 1, while the roots and seeds give much higher yields than other parts. Utilization of SCE gives improved efficiency of the extraction and shortens the work-up in contrast with classical methods. By the abovementioned methodology, we obtained sufficient amounts of

Halide metathesis in overdrive: mechanochemical synthesis of a heterometallic group 1 allyl complex

• Ross F. Koby,
• Nicholas R. Rightmire,
• Nathan D. Schley,
• Timothy P. Hanusa and
• William W. Brennessel

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2019, 15, 1856–1863, doi:10.3762/bjoc.15.181

• noted that both [KA'] and CsI are insoluble in hexanes, and the grinding clearly initiated a reaction that occurred before the first hexanes extraction. Structure of [CsKA'2] Small blocks grown from hexanes were identified from a single crystal X-ray study as the coordination polymer [CsKA'2]∞. A