Dry adhesives from carbon nanofibers grown in an open ethanol flame

• Christian Lutz,
• Julia Syurik,
• C. N. Shyam Kumar,
• Christian Kübel,
• Michael Bruns and
• Hendrik Hölscher

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2719–2728, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.271

• materials, indicating defects in sp2-hybridized carbon. The G-band indicates stretching of the C–C bonds, characteristic for CNTs, CNFs, or other graphitic materials [40]. The D/G ratio is a measure of disorder in nanofibers. The randomly oriented CNFs show a significantly higher value than the oriented

One-step chemical vapor deposition synthesis and supercapacitor performance of nitrogen-doped porous carbon–carbon nanotube hybrids

• Egor V. Lobiak,
• Lyubov G. Bulusheva,
• Ekaterina O. Fedorovskaya,
• Yury V. Shubin,
• Pavel E. Plyusnin,
• Pierre Lonchambon,
• Boris V. Senkovskiy,
• Zinfer R. Ismagilov,
• Emmanuel Flahaut and
• Alexander V. Okotrub

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2669–2679, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.267

•  6a). The ratio of intensities of these bands is often used for the estimation of the disorder in graphitic materials [40]. The calculated ID/IG value is equal to 1.27, 1.30, and 1.54 for the materials synthesized using Fe/Mo, Co/Mo, and Ni/Mo (Figure 6b). An increase in the ID/IG ratio correlates

Patterning of supported gold monolayers via chemical lift-off lithography

• Liane S. Slaughter,
• Kevin M. Cheung,
• Sami Kaappa,
• Huan H. Cao,
• Qing Yang,
• Thomas D. Young,
• Andrew C. Serino,
• Sami Malola,
• Jana M. Olson,
• Stephan Link,
• Hannu Häkkinen,
• Anne M. Andrews and
• Paul S. Weiss

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2648–2661, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.265

• accelerating voltage, sample height, and vapor pressure were adjusted so that patterns could be discerned. The level of contrast in VP-SEM also depends on the nature of the alkanethiol molecules and SAM disorder (e.g., the orientation and conformation of the molecules in the SAM) [5]. The Au–mercaptoundecanol

Strategy to discover full-length amyloid-beta peptide ligands using high-efficiency microarray technology

• Clelia Galati,
• Natalia Spinella,
• Lucio Renna,
• Danilo Milardi,
• Francesco Attanasio,
• Michele Francesco Maria Sciacca and
• Corrado Bongiorno

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2446–2453, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.243

• high efficacy in the treatment of cognitive/memory disorder [32]: nootropic, neurotrophic, neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects, a high affinity for copper(II) ions, and a protective ability against metal-induced cell toxicity have been observed [33][34][35][36]. Hence, the role of Semax in

Coexistence of strongly buckled germanene phases on Al(111)

• Weimin Wang and
• Roger I. G. Uhrberg

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1946–1951, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.195

• corresponding to a (3×3) periodicity with respect to Al(111). An optimized model of (2×2) germanene on a (3×3) Al unit cell was presented. Two Ge atoms were located on top of Al atoms 1.21–1.23 Å higher than the other Ge atoms. Ge deposition at temperatures below the “magic” range was reported to show disorder

Spin-dependent transport and functional design in organic ferromagnetic devices

• Guichao Hu,
• Shijie Xie,
• Chuankui Wang and
• Carsten Timm

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1919–1931, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.192

• . Another aspect worth studying is the role of disorder, which is generically important in one-dimensional systems [65]. Finally, a simple spin-independent interfacial coupling between the OFs and the electrodes is considered here. In actual devices, orbital hybridization may happen between the interacting

Optical techniques for cervical neoplasia detection

• Tatiana Novikova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1844–1862, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.186

• characterized by loss of layered tissue architecture and an increase in tissue microstructural disorder in OCT images (Figure 12 b,c). The stromal layer demonstrates columnar proliferation towards the surface of tissue in the OCT image of a CIN 3 lesion (Figure 12b). The invasive carcinoma manifests itself in

Process-specific mechanisms of vertically oriented graphene growth in plasmas

• Subrata Ghosh,
• Shyamal R. Polaki,
• Niranjan Kumar,
• Sankarakumar Amirthapandian,
• Mohamed Kamruddin and
• Kostya (Ken) Ostrikov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1658–1670, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.166

• ][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50]. The role of gas composition, deposition time and nature of substrate on the growth of VGNs has been discussed [24][27][47]. The first two parameters underpin the two competing disorder-related mechanisms. These mechanisms

• spectra exhibit D + D″ (ca. 2450 cm−1), G′ (ca. 2705 cm−1), D + D′ (ca. 2948 cm−1) and 2D′ (ca. 3244 cm−1) peaks. The defect-related peaks (D, D′, D″ and the overtones) are attributed to high edge density, structural defects and disorder such as vacancies and strained hexagonal/non-hexagonal (pentagon or

• properties in terms of defects and disorder. In backscattering geometry, Raman spectroscopic data were recorded in the frequency region of 1000–3500 cm−1 for 30 s accumulation time using a 514 nm laser and 100× objective lens. The wetting properties of the films were measured by the sessile drop method with

Spin-chemistry concepts for spintronics scientists

• Konstantin L. Ivanov,
• Alexander Wagenpfahl,
• Carsten Deibel and
• Jörg Matysik

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1427–1445, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.143

• carriers can be extracted to yield the photocurrent. The role of the spin in several loss mechanisms [30][36][37], which reduce the power conversion efficiency, is only partly understood. For instance, if the delocalization of charge carriers in the CTS is limited, for example, by energetic disorder, CTS

• disorder [38]. Two optimization strategies for improving the power conversion efficiency based on spin processes are singlet fission and triplet–triplet annihilation (TTA). Singlet fission is the spin allowed conversion of one spin singlet exciton to two spin triplet excitons, which can occur with high

Comprehensive Raman study of epitaxial silicene-related phases on Ag(111)

• Dmytro Solonenko,
• Ovidiu D. Gordan,
• Guy Le Lay,
• Dietrich R. T. Zahn and
• Patrick Vogt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1357–1365, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.137

• [23]. Based on these results, the spectral signatures of silicene-related superstructures are established. Our results reveal a fundamental difference among these superstructures, related to the ratio of structural order and disorder. Furthermore, the in situ Raman results allow the phase diagram to

• -like surface pattern [6][16]. This pattern originates from locally ordered areas that are surrounded by distorted or disordered zones. The ordered areas appear brighter in filled-states STM images, thus mimicking a Moiré pattern. Because of the inherent intrinsic disorder (ID) it is not reasonable to

• decrease of all modes observed at lower deposition temperatures with the exception of the mode at 155 cm−1, also present in this growth regime. Its energy and line shape indicate the disorder-related nature of this Raman band, particularly evident in the case of the “” structure, known to be mostly

Ultrasmall magnetic field-effect and sign reversal in transistors based on donor/acceptor systems

• Thomas Reichert and
• Tobat P. I. Saragi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1104–1114, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.112

• the framework of the bipolaron model. Bipolarons can be stabilized by the presence of counter charges [33][34][35]. Furthermore, the coulomb repulsive interaction occurring in the formation of bipolarons species can be compensated by a correspondingly high energetic disorder of the thin films [11][22

• ][36][37][38]. Doping of amorphous organic films results in a broadening of the density of states and, thus, is increasing the energetic disorder [39][40]. Therefore, the high density of intrinsic charges in Spiro-TTB/HAT-CN compositions as well as the broadened density of states leads to an increased

• , negative magnetoresistance is obtained. In the context of the bipolaron model, the magnetoresistive behaviour of Spiro-TTB/HAT-CN compositions can be discussed as follows: The doping process between Spiro-TTB and HAT-CN in thin films generates intrinsic counter charges and increases the energetic disorder

Energy-level alignment at interfaces between manganese phthalocyanine and C₆₀

• Daniel Waas,
• Florian Rückerl,
• Martin Knupfer and
• Bernd Büchner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 927–932, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.94

• assigned to positional disorder right at the interface. This again indicates that the interface between C60 and MnPc is free of chemical reaction. Unfortunately, the information that can be obtained from the C1s core levels (see Supporting Information File 1) is less clear, since the contributions of the

Graphene functionalised by laser-ablated V₂O₅ for a highly sensitive NH₃ sensor

• Margus Kodu,
• Artjom Berholts,
• Tauno Kahro,
• Mati Kook,
• Peeter Ritslaid,
• Helina Seemen,
• Tea Avarmaa,
• Harry Alles and
• Raivo Jaaniso

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 571–578, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.61

• ) for creation of point defects in the graphene sheet [18]. As a consequence, the Raman lines assignable to point defects or imperfect graphene edges appear. The extent of disorder induced by the PLD process is characterized by the ratio of Raman line intensities ID/IG. Considering the ratio ID/IG

Innovations from the “ivory tower”: Wilhelm Barthlott and the paradigm shift in surface science

• Christoph Neinhuis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 394–402, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.41

• lab off the beaten track in a company might imply snugness or laziness of the inhabitants. But it also means a little less conformity, a little bit more freedom, disorder, creativity and frankness for unconventional approaches. We need both worlds, both kinds of people, approaches and mentalities

Fundamental properties of high-quality carbon nanofoam: from low to high density

• Natalie Frese,
• Shelby Taylor Mitchell,
• Christof Neumann,
• Amanda Bowers,
• Armin Gölzhäuser and
• Klaus Sattler

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 2065–2073, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.197

• consists of curved graphene layers. In addition, these layers need to have a certain degree of disorder providing the porous structure of the pearls. The relatively broad Raman G and D peaks indicate that in-plane and out-of-plane Raman excitations are present. While Raman spectroscopy probes the bulk of a

Intercalation and structural aspects of macroRAFT agents into MgAl layered double hydroxides

• Dessislava Kostadinova,
• Ana Cenacchi Pereira,
• Muriel Lansalot,
• Franck D’Agosto,
• Elodie Bourgeat-Lami,
• Fabrice Leroux,
• Christine Taviot-Guého,
• Sylvian Cadars and
• Vanessa Prevot

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 2000–2012, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.191

• (FWHM) of individual contributions was 5 ppm or more, which seems to indicate a large degree of chain conformational disorder. The comparison of echo-MAS quantitative (Figure 6a,c,e) and 13C{1H} CP spectra at short contact time (Figure 6b,d,f) did not show strong contrasts in the relative peak

Zigzag phosphorene nanoribbons: one-dimensional resonant channels in two-dimensional atomic crystals

• Carlos. J. Páez,
• Dario. A. Bahamon,
• Ana L. C. Pereira and
• Peter. A. Schulz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1983–1990, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.189

• present early stage of the experimental development of phosphorene, in which only preliminary steps toward design and realization of effective devices from the bulk onto the nanoscale have been reported so far [36]. Hence, effects of disorder at the edges have to be considered. In Figure 7 we present the

Ferromagnetic behaviour of ZnO: the role of grain boundaries

• Boris B. Straumal,
• Svetlana G. Protasova,
• Andrei A. Mazilkin,
• Eberhard Goering,
• Gisela Schütz,
• Petr B. Straumal and
• Brigitte Baretzky

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1936–1947, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.185

• in the bulk [13]. The LE-µSR measurements were supported by theoretical studies [13]. Using molecular dynamics the simulations of 4800 atoms in a periodic box were performed for two grain boundaries. They permitted to simulate the atomic disorder in the grain boundary region. The simulation periodic

Evolution of the graphite surface in phosphoric acid: an AFM and Raman study

• Rossella Yivlialin,
• Luigi Brambilla,
• Gianlorenzo Bussetti,
• Matteo Tommasini,
• Andrea Li Bassi,
• Carlo Spartaco Casari,
• Matteo Passoni,
• Franco Ciccacci,
• Lamberto Duò and
• Chiara Castiglioni

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1878–1884, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.180

• that observed with 457.9 nm excitation and are not reported in Figure 5. The three different analyzed regions display the typical spectral pattern of graphitic materials characterized by structural disorder [16][17][18], showing Raman features in the G-band region (1570–1650 cm−1), in the D-band region

In situ formation of reduced graphene oxide structures in ceria by combined sol–gel and solvothermal processing

• Jingxia Yang,
• Johannes Ofner,
• Bernhard Lendl and
• Ulrich Schubert

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1815–1821, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.174

• . The D-band is related to a breathing mode of κ-point photons of A1g symmetry, and the G-band can be attributed to the splitting of the E2g stretching mode of graphite, which reflects the proportion of the sp2-hybridized carbon atoms [24]. The intensity ratio I(D)/I(G) represents the degree of disorder

Nanostructured TiO₂-based gas sensors with enhanced sensitivity to reducing gases

• Wojciech Maziarz,
• Anna Kusior and
• Anita Trenczek-Zajac

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1718–1726, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.164

• semiconductor with an extremely high resistivity extending to 108 Ω·cm, however, even a small deviation from the stoichiometric composition with a surplus of titanium ions results in n-type semiconducting properties [16]. Such observations lead to the undeniable conclusions that the defect disorder and

Antitumor magnetic hyperthermia induced by RGD-functionalized Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles, in an experimental model of colorectal liver metastases

• Oihane K. Arriortua,
• Eneko Garaio,
• Borja Herrero de la Parte,
• Maite Insausti,
• Luis Lezama,
• Fernando Plazaola,
• Jose Angel García,
• Jesús M. Aizpurua,
• Maialen Sagartzazu,
• Mireia Irazola,
• Nestor Etxebarria,
• Ignacio García-Alonso,
• Alberto Saiz-López and
• José Javier Echevarria-Uraga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1532–1542, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.147

• deviates from the bulk saturation value of magnetite (92 emu/g) [39]. Nevertheless, the deviation could be ascribed to different effects such as crystallinity of the samples as well as the impact of surface spin disorder, which increases at high temperatures [40]. At 5 K, saturation magnetization increases

Microwave synthesis of high-quality and uniform 4 nm ZnFe₂O₄ nanocrystals for application in energy storage and nanomagnetics

• Christian Suchomski,
• Ben Breitung,
• Ralf Witte,
• Michael Knapp,
• Sondes Bauer,
• Tilo Baumbach,
• Christian Reitz and
• Torsten Brezesinski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1350–1360, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.126

• here [3][4][5][6][7][8]. The magnetic properties of spinel ferrites are known to be strongly dependent upon their size [9][10][11]. Part of the reason for this is that, for example, significant spin disorder occurs when the particle size is reduced to the nanometer level. Nevertheless, the cation site

• nanocrystalline solids and are often associated with spin canting, spin freezing and so forth. Although the origin of these effects is largely unclear, they are typically attributed to magnetic frustration, surface disorder and/or finite size effects [49][50]. However, the theoretical saturation magnetization

Mesoporous hollow carbon spheres for lithium–sulfur batteries: distribution of sulfur and electrochemical performance

• Anika C. Juhl,
• Artur Schneider,
• Boris Ufer,
• Torsten Brezesinski,
• Jürgen Janek and
• Michael Fröba

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1229–1240, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.114

• Raman spectrum (Figure 3c), which shows two bands centered at 1597 cm−1 (G band) and 1340 cm−1 (D band) typical of carbon with small graphitic domains. The G band results from the in-plane stretching of sp2-bonded (graphitic) carbon atoms, while the D band is induced by defects and disorder in the

Reasons and remedies for the agglomeration of multilayered graphene and carbon nanotubes in polymers

• Rasheed Atif and
• Fawad Inam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1174–1196, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.109

• surfactant solution. The reactions involved are carried out in argon atmosphere [117]. A typical disorder band in Raman spectrum gives proof of the sidewall functionalization. This sidewall functionalization not only improves purity and solubility, but it also changes the physical properties. In fact, the