Facile chemical routes to mesoporous silver substrates for SERS analysis

• Elina A. Tastekova,
• Alexander Y. Polyakov,
• Anastasia E. Goldt,
• Alexander V. Sidorov,
• Alexandra A. Oshmyanskaya,
• Irina V. Sukhorukova,
• Dmitry V. Shtansky,
• Wolgang Grünert and
• Anastasia V. Grigorieva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 880–889, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.82

• known for its ability to increase the endurance performance of athletes, which resulted in its inclusion to the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) prohibited list. Results and Discussion Following the procedure proposed by Lyu et al. [26], Ag2O cubic crystallites were synthesized by alkaline precipitation

• was added to the World Anti-Doping Agency’s (WADA) prohibited list as a doping substance [35]. The corresponding analyte was investigated as an aqueous solution of 1 × 10−3 M and 1 × 10−2 M total concentrations. We used its unique Raman spectra from the source [36] to identify the substance. The most

Noble metal-modified titania with visible-light activity for the decomposition of microorganisms

• Maya Endo,
• Zhishun Wei,
• Kunlei Wang,
• Baris Karabiyik,
• Kenta Yoshiiri,
• Paulina Rokicka,
• Bunsho Ohtani,
• Agata Markowska-Szczupak and
• Ewa Kowalska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 829–841, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.77

• , by morphology design [22][23][24][25][26], surface modification [27][28][29][30][31][32], doping [33][34][35][36], or the formation of heterojunctions with other semiconductors [37][38][39][40]. Modification with noble metals seems the most promising as it is well known that under UV irradiation

Effect of ferroelectric BaTiO₃ particles on the threshold voltage of a smectic A liquid crystal

• Abbas R. Imamaliyev,
• Mahammadali A. Ramazanov and
• Shirkhan A. Humbatov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 824–828, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.76

• A LCs are much higher in comparison with nematic LCs [15]. In this work, the possibility of reducing the planar–homeotropic transition threshold voltage in smectic A LC by doping with submicron ferroelectric particles of BaTiO3 is shown. Experimental The smectic A LC is a mixture of p-nitrophenyl p

• dielectric constant as a result of the planar–homeotropic transition is measured. The doping of smectic A liquid crystal with ferroelectric BaTiO3 particles also reduces the threshold voltage of the planar–homeotropic transition, which can be explained by the appearance of a strong local electric field

Surface-plasmon-enhanced ultraviolet emission of Au-decorated ZnO structures for gas sensing and photocatalytic devices

• T. Anh Thu Do,
• Truong Giang Ho,
• Thu Hoai Bui,
• Quang Ngan Pham,
• Hong Thai Giang,
• Thi Thu Do,
• Duc Van Nguyen and
• Dai Lam Tran

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 771–779, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.70

• factors, including absorbed oxygen species (O2−, O−, and O2−), charge carrier concentration, and the defects and vacancies on the ZnO surfaces. The gas response performance can be improved by a charge transfer process through surface modification [3][5][6] and doping of catalytic materials [7][8][9]. The

Heavy-metal detectors based on modified ferrite nanoparticles

• Urszula Klekotka,
• Ewelina Wińska,
• Elżbieta Zambrzycka-Szelewa,
• Dariusz Satuła and
• Beata Kalska-Szostko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 762–770, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.69

• surface modification. The obtained images for each kind of fabricated ferrites are presented in Figure 2. The TEM images show that regardless of doping (Ca2+, Co2+, Mn2+ or Ni2+), the studied nanoparticles exhibit a similar round shape and average size. In Table 1, diameters of every type of synthesized

• %) and the smallest one in the case of Co dopant. These results show that the superparamagnetic blocking temperature for the Ca doping is below room temperature whereas for the other cases it is slightly above. Taking both features of the measured spectra into account, the mean values of the hyperfine

Synthesis and characterization of two new TiO₂-containing benzothiazole-based imine composites for organic device applications

• Anna Różycka,
• Agnieszka Iwan,
• Krzysztof Artur Bogdanowicz,
• Michal Filapek,
• Natalia Górska,
• Damian Pociecha,
• Marek Malinowski,
• Patryk Fryń,
• Agnieszka Hreniak,
• Jakub Rysz,
• Paweł Dąbczyński and
• Monika Marzec

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 721–739, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.67

• the case of the SP2:P3HT (1:1 w/w) mixture: the shift in reduction properties for SP2 is almost negligible, while in the positive region, the voltammogram is dominated by p-doping of the polymer. Moreover, we carried out the series of measurements for mixtures of SP2 and TiO2 (in various proportions

The effect of atmospheric doping on pressure-dependent Raman scattering in supported graphene

• Egor A. Kolesov,
• Mikhail S. Tivanov,
• Olga V. Korolik,
• Olesya O. Kapitanova,
• Xiao Fu,
• Hak Dong Cho,
• Tae Won Kang and
• Gennady N Panin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 704–710, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.65

• .9.65 Abstract Atmospheric doping of supported graphene was investigated by Raman scattering under different pressures. Various Raman spectra parameters were found to depend on the pressure and the substrate material. The results are interpreted in terms of atmospheric adsorption leading to a change in

• graphene charge carrier density and the effect of the substrate on the electronic and phonon properties of graphene. It was found that adsorption of molecules from the atmosphere onto graphene doped with nitrogen (electron doping) compensates for the electron charge. Furthermore, the atmosphere-induced

• doping drastically decreases the spatial heterogeneity of charge carriers in graphene doped with nitrogen, while the opposite effect was observed for undoped samples. The results of this study should be taken into account for the development of sensors and nanoelectronic devices based on graphene

Combined pulsed laser deposition and non-contact atomic force microscopy system for studies of insulator metal oxide thin films

• Daiki Katsube,
• Hayato Yamashita,
• Satoshi Abo and
• Masayuki Abe

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 686–692, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.63

• heterointerfaces using different metal oxides [4][5], and expression of conductivity and magnetism by doping metal oxides with specific elements [6][7]. In studies of metal oxide surfaces at the atomic scale, developments of observation techniques have been advancing rapidly, especially in the field of

Anchoring Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles in a reduced graphene oxide aerogel matrix via polydopamine coating

• Błażej Scheibe,
• Radosław Mrówczyński,
• Natalia Michalak,
• Karol Załęski,
• Michał Matczak,
• Mateusz Kempiński,
• Zuzanna Pietralik,
• Mikołaj Lewandowski,
• Stefan Jurga and
• Feliks Stobiecki

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 591–601, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.55

• related to the organized carbon hexagonal structure, while the D mode is related both to the amount of defects in hexagonal graphene sheets and the number of functional groups (or doping). The overall quality of GO samples can be estimated from the D to G mode intensity ratio (ID/IG). The ID/IG ratios of

• the lattice parameter and decrease of the C–C bond strength due to anchored Fe3O4 nanoparticles or Fe doping at the defect sites. At lower excitation energies, the FWHMG values were comparable to those of rGO reference sample (within the range of the measurement error). The FWHMD values differed along

Fabrication and photoactivity of ionic liquid–TiO₂ structures for efficient visible-light-induced photocatalytic decomposition of organic pollutants in aqueous phase

• Anna Gołąbiewska,
• Marta Paszkiewicz-Gawron,
• Aleksandra Sadzińska,
• Wojciech Lisowski,
• Ewelina Grabowska,
• Adriana Zaleska-Medynska and
• Justyna Łuczak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 580–590, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.54

• reactions to ultraviolet (UV) irradiation [6]. To break through the aforementioned drawbacks, semiconductor coupling [7], sensitization by inorganic complexes or organic dyes [8][9], as well as metal nanoparticle (NP) deposition [10] and metal doping [11] have been applied and have revealed potential to

• proposed to be due to: (i) doping of nonmetal elements (e.g., N, B, F) derived from the IL structure, inducing a narrower band gap and improving the separation efficiency of the photogenerated electron/hole pairs [13][36][37]; (ii) enhancement of Ti3+ species formation in the TiO2 lattice (being a source

• improvement under visible-light irradiation by doping of nonmetal elements derived from IL structures was rejected. Therefore, to further elucidate the mechanisms of the photocatalytic reaction, the role of the generated reactive species in the photocatalytic process under visible irradiation was investigate

High-contrast and reversible scattering switching via hybrid metal-dielectric metasurfaces

• Jonathan Ward,
• Khosro Zangeneh Kamali,
• Lei Xu,
• Guoquan Zhang,
• Andrey E. Miroshnichenko and
• Mohsen Rahmani

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 460–467, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.44

• ], doping [31][32], stretchable substrates [33][34], and electromechanical tuning of the resonator dimension [35], etc. Many of these techniques introduce permanent alterations to the system or the environment, which makes them irreversible, an undesirable characteristic. This allows for an active

Influence of the preparation method on the photocatalytic activity of Nd-modified TiO₂

• Patrycja Parnicka,
• Paweł Mazierski,
• Tomasz Grzyb,
• Wojciech Lisowski,
• Ewa Kowalska,
• Bunsho Ohtani,
• Adriana Zaleska-Medynska and
• Joanna Nadolna

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 447–459, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.43

• Nd3+ ions adsorbed either on the titania surface or Nd3+ cations were placed inside the titania lattice (titania doping) [24][31]. Using the Scherrer equation, the average crystallite size of anatase was determined and presented in Table 1. For modified samples, 0.25% Nd-TiO2(SHT) and 0.25% Nd-TiO2(HT

Sugarcane juice derived carbon dot–graphitic carbon nitride composites for bisphenol A degradation under sunlight irradiation

• Lan Ching Sim,
• Jing Lin Wong,
• Chen Hong Hak,
• Jun Yan Tai,
• Kah Hon Leong and
• Pichiah Saravanan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 353–363, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.35

• degradation of indomethacin from the UV to NIR spectrum because of the superior electron transfer and extension of visible light absorption region after doping with N atoms [39]. Their group further enhanced the efficiency of CD/g-C3N4 through the incorporation of single-atom-dispersed silver. The optimum

Dielectric properties of a bisimidazolium salt with dodecyl sulfate anion doped with carbon nanotubes

• Doina Manaila Maximean,
• Viorel Cîrcu and
• Constantin Paul Ganea

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 164–174, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.19

• functions. As a result of doping the ILC with CNT, the electric conductivity increases significantly. Ionic conductivity is dominant and it was indirectly observed through the electrode polarization (EP) effect. The very high dielectric permittivity values and the decrease of the electric conductivity at

• the Vogel temperature and τ∞ is a pre-exponential factor. Figure 7 presents the characteristic relaxation time as a function of the inverse temperature for the pure ILC and the CNT-doped ILC. For the pure ILC and for the lower CNT doping concentrations, there are two slopes, attributed to the

• slopes, one between 10−1 and 102 Hz, one between 102 and 104 Hz and the third one between 104 and 107 Hz. This type of dependence also occurs for the CNT doping concentrations of 0.05% and 0.5%. The dielectric loss of the ILC can be divided in two regions, between 10−1 and 102 Hz and between 2·102 and

Dopant-stimulated growth of GaN nanotube-like nanostructures on Si(111) by molecular beam epitaxy

• Alexey D. Bolshakov,
• Alexey M. Mozharov,
• Georgiy A. Sapunov,
• Igor V. Shtrom,
• Nickolay V. Sibirev,
• Vladimir V. Fedorov,
• Evgeniy V. Ubyivovk,
• Maria Tchernycheva,
• George E. Cirlin and
• Ivan S. Mukhin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 146–154, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.17

• ]. The fabrication of a simple SC based on GaN NWs on Si(111) can be obtained via proper NW doping and formation of a p–n junction at Si substrate–GaN NW interface. Recently it has been theoretically demonstrated that optimization of the doping level and NW array morphology can lead to a power conversion

• efficiency of over 20% in such a simple SC [9]. The development of controllable methods of GaN nanostructure growth and doping on Si substrates opens up new possibilities for integration of III–V materials with established CMOS technology. The latter issue represents one of the bottlenecks of modern opto

• absence of a doping flux [16]. Compared to other widely studied III–V NWs (e.g., Al(Ga, In)As), which can be synthesized by MBE on Si substrates via a vapor–liquid–solid (VLS) mechanism that uses catalyst droplets, GaN NWs grow according to the self-induced mechanism in the absence of catalyst [17][18

Co-reductive fabrication of carbon nanodots with high quantum yield for bioimaging of bacteria

• Jiajun Wang,
• Xia Liu,
• Gesmi Milcovich,
• Tzu-Yu Chen,
• Edel Durack,
• Sarah Mallen,
• Yongming Ruan,
• Xuexiang Weng and
• Sarah P. Hudson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 137–145, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.16

• ], significant progress in increasing the QY has been achieved. Most of the mentioned methods refer to surface passivation [9][10][11] and doping [12][13]. Recently, chemical reduction was also reported as an effective method to enhance the QY of C-dots [14]. Zheng et al. found an increase in QY for C-dots from

• ][20]. Qu et al. obtained graphene quantum dots with a quantum yield of 78% and 71% using citric acid and urea or citric acid and thiourea as the precursors, respectively. They demonstrated that N or N/S doping led to the high QY of the C-dots. Zeng et al. prepared C-dots with a relatively high QY

Combined scanning probe electronic and thermal characterization of an indium arsenide nanowire

• Tino Wagner,
• Fabian Menges,
• Heike Riel,
• Bernd Gotsmann and
• Andreas Stemmer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 129–136, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.15

• material or doping interfaces and at defects or constrictions, but also in areas of strong local thermal insulation. To differenciate between different origins of hot spots from temperature data alone is oftentimes not possible. Nanometre-sized hot spots can strongly influence electrical transport through

• ], the origin of asymmetry and shape could not be clarified with certainty before. Combined KFM and SThM will also prove useful to study nanowire devices with additional interfaces, e.g., due to doping gradients. The nanoscale lateral resolution of both methods makes it possible to investigate electronic

Atomic layer deposition and properties of ZrO₂/Fe₂O₃ thin films

• Kristjan Kalam,
• Helina Seemen,
• Peeter Ritslaid,
• Mihkel Rähn,
• Aile Tamm,
• Kaupo Kukli,
• Aarne Kasikov,
• Joosep Link,
• Raivo Stern,
• Salvador Dueñas,
• Helena Castán and
• Héctor García

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 119–128, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.14

• grown by atomic layer deposition (ALD) at 400 °C. Metastable phases of ZrO2 were stabilized by Fe2O3 doping. The number of alternating ZrO2 and Fe2O3 deposition cycles were varied in order to achieve films with different cation ratios. The influence of annealing on the composition and structure of the

• with a Zr/Fe atomic ratio of 2.0. Keywords: atomic layer deposition; metal oxides; thin films; Introduction Doped ZrO2 has been a subject of interest because of several potential applications, for example, in microelectronics as a memory material [1]. Also, doping a dielectric film with a magnetic

• processes have been employed to prepare the samples. Ca- and Mg-stabilized cubic zirconia, prepared by pulsed laser deposition (PLD), has shown ferromagnetic properties [3]. Magnetic properties of PLD-synthesized ZrO2, doped with Co, Fe, Mn or Ni, have been studied [4], showing that doping ZrO2 with Mn

Review on optofluidic microreactors for artificial photosynthesis

• Xiaowen Huang,
• Jianchun Wang,
• Tenghao Li,
• Jianmei Wang,
• Min Xu,
• Weixing Yu,
• Abdel El Abed and
• Xuming Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 30–41, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.5

• catalytic materials, modification of the existed catalytic materials (e.g., noble-gas doping, co-catalyst impregnation, noble-metal loading, plasmonic sensitization and Z-scheme systems), and optofluidics (or microfluidics) based APS. It should be noted that many efforts have been made to develop bio

Magnetic field induced orientational transitions in liquid crystals doped with carbon nanotubes

• Danil A. Petrov,
• Pavel K. Skokov and
• Alexander N. Zakhlevnykh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2807–2817, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.280

• theory describes the behavior of quadrupolar particles embedded in an LC. We analyze another possible way to enhance the anisotropy of diamagnetic susceptibility of LCs by doping them with diamagnetic CNTs. In the magnetized ferronematics (in which the magnetic moments of the ferroparticles are aligned

Thermo- and electro-optical properties of photonic liquid crystal fibers doped with gold nanoparticles

• Agata Siarkowska,
• Miłosz Chychłowski,
• Daniel Budaszewski,
• Bartłomiej Jankiewicz,
• Bartosz Bartosewicz and
• Tomasz R. Woliński

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2790–2801, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.278

• are caused by the properties of the infiltration material or due to the setup configuration. The results obtained indicated that with increasing NP doping a significant reduction of the rise time under an external electric field occurs with a simultaneous decrease in the nematic–isotropic phase

• response or a transmission spectrum with tunable attenuation. Another NP material used in PLCFs is titanium. It has been demonstrated that the doping concentration of Ti NPs in a nematic LC influences its electro-optic properties. The first experimental evidence of improved thermo-optic properties of a

• . Propagation spectra for a photonic liquid crystal fiber (PLCF) infiltrated with 6CHBT LC (black) at 0.1 wt % (blue), 0.3 wt % (green), 0.5 wt % (pink) and 1 wt % Au doping 6CHBT (red) at room temperature. Thermal spectra of propagation in a photonic liquid crystal fiber filled with undoped liquid crystal

Facile synthesis of silver/silver thiocyanate (Ag@AgSCN) plasmonic nanostructures with enhanced photocatalytic performance

• Xinfu Zhao,
• Dairong Chen,
• Abdul Qayum,
• Bo Chen and
• Xiuling Jiao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2781–2789, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.277

• -based semiconductors are well known due to their excellent visible-light catalytic properties, but their easy inactivation limits their utilization in practice. Aimed at this problem, a series of methods, such as doping, surface sensitization, heterojunctions and noble-metal plasma, have been adopted to

Impact of titanium dioxide nanoparticles on purification and contamination of nematic liquid crystals

• Dmitrii Pavlovich Shcherbinin and
• Elena A. Konshina

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2766–2770, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.275

• ionic contamination was observed in LCs doped with carbon nanoparticles [21], semiconductor quantum dots [22], and metal NPs [23]. At the same time, the increase of ionic contamination due to doping with NPs was reported in other papers [24][25][26]. This contradiction was resolved by the theory

• (Figure 1b). Doping LC2 with TiO2 NPs resulted in a reduction of the real and imaginary parts of the dielectric permittivity. This indicates a decrease of the ionic conductivity of LC2. In this frequency range, the spectra of the dielectric permittivity can be approximated by following equations [24

• concentration is reduced almost twice by doping with 1 wt % TiO2 NPs. In both cases, the increase of concentration leads to an increasing diffusion coefficient. Moreover, the estimated diffusion coefficient of ions in LC2 was larger. In the framework of Garbovskiy’s theory, the surface of the NP is considered

CdSe nanorod/TiO₂ nanoparticle heterojunctions with enhanced solar- and visible-light photocatalytic activity

• Fakher Laatar,
• Hatem Moussa,
• Halima Alem,
• Lavinia Balan,
• Emilien Girot,
• Ghouti Medjahdi,
• Hatem Ezzaouia and
• Raphaël Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2741–2752, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.273

• recombination of photogenerated charge carriers (electrons and holes). To address these problems, a number of studies have been devoted to the improvement of light absorption and charge separation by hybridizing TiO2 with narrow bandgap semiconductors, doping with metal or nonmetal elements, association with

Ab initio study of adsorption and diffusion of lithium on transition metal dichalcogenide monolayers

• Xiaoli Sun and
• Zhiguo Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2711–2718, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.270

• between the different phases occurs during the synthesis process and lithium/sodium intercalation [26][27][28]. Sun et al. [29] have studied the effect of electron doping on the stability of 2H- and 1T'-MoS2, and showed that electron doping can stabilize the crystal structure of 1T'-MoS2. The crystalline