Solid-phase total synthesis and structural confirmation of antimicrobial longicatenamide A

• Takumi Matsumoto,
• Takefumi Kuranaga,
• Yuto Taniguchi,
• Weicheng Wang and
• Hideaki Kakeya

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2022, 18, 1560–1566, doi:10.3762/bjoc.18.166

• SnCl2-catalyzed coupling reaction [20] between 21 and 22 afforded β-keto ester 23, which was then reduced to the corresponding β-hydroxy ester 24 by K-Selectride (dr > 20:1), and subsequent acidic removal of the acetonide furnished diol 25. The stereochemistry of the newly generated hydroxy group was

• determined using the modified Mosher’s method [21]. Protection of diol 25 by tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl (TBS) group followed by selective deprotection of the primary alcohol led to 27. Finally, acid 7 was obtained from alcohol 27 through the same two-step oxidation used to obtain compound 10. Having

A study of the DIBAL-promoted selective debenzylation of α-cyclodextrin protected with two different benzyl groups

• Naser-Abdul Yousefi,
• Morten L. Zimmermann and
• Mikael Bols

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2022, 18, 1553–1559, doi:10.3762/bjoc.18.165

• gives access to 6A-mono- and 6A,D diol (3) in high yields and purity, and by extension of this method further deprotection on the primary [10][11][12] and secondary rim can be made [13][14][15]. The reaction of 2 with DIBAL leads quite rapidly to diol 3 and then much slower to triol 4 and tetrol 5

• and 13C NMR (800/201 MHz), COSY, HSQC, TOCSY, and ROESY (Supporting Information File 1) which gave the NMR assignments shown in Table 2 and identification of 8 as the 6A,D diol. The most significant observations in this assignment were 1) the compound is symmetric with only 3 different sugar residues

• C134H137Cl8O30+, 2511.6706 (71.9%); found, 2511.69097. Structure of α-cyclodextrins 1–10. The reaction of perbenzylated α-cyclodextrin with iBu2AlH. Reaction conditions for the partial debenzylation of 7. The solvent was always toluene. 1H and 13C NMR (800/201 MHz, CDCl3) chemical shifts of diol 8. 1H and 13C

Efficient synthesis of aziridinecyclooctanediol and 3-aminocyclooctanetriol

• Emine Salamci and
• Ayse Kilic Lafzi

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2022, 18, 1539–1543, doi:10.3762/bjoc.18.163

• cis,cis-1,3-cyclooctadiene. Results and Discussion The synthesis of the diol 5, which was prepared by reduction of the endoperoxide 4 with zinc was carried out as described in the literature [18]. Treatment of the diol 5 with benzyl bromide and NaH in DMF gave the corresponding (dibenzyloxy

• )cyclooctene 6 in 70% yield (Scheme 1). Oxidation of the dibenzylated compound 6 with OsO4/NMO provided the corresponding diol 7 in 90% yield. The exact configuration of 7 was confirmed by 1H and 2D NMR spectroscopic data. Next, mesylation of the hydroxy groups in 7 with MsCl in pyridine yielded dimesylate 8

• in 90% yield. Thus, the dimesylate 8, which is one of the most relevant precursors for the synthesis of aminocyclitols, was synthesized from the diol 7. The structure of compound 8 was assigned on the basis of NMR spectroscopy. In the 1H NMR spectrum, we observed that methyl signals of the mesylate

Supramolecular approaches to mediate chemical reactivity

• Pablo Ballester,
• Qi-Qiang Wang and
• Carmine Gaeta

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2022, 18, 1463–1465, doi:10.3762/bjoc.18.152

• rotaxanes. MIMs show interesting structural and topological features and offer conceptually new possibilities as catalysts. In their minireview, Krajnc and Niemeyer [21] highlighted the use of the axially chiral 1,1'-binaphthyl-2,2'-diol (BINOL) unit as a stereogenic element in MIMs. The authors comment on

Mechanochemical synthesis of unsymmetrical salens for the preparation of Co–salen complexes and their evaluation as catalysts for the synthesis of α-aryloxy alcohols via asymmetric phenolic kinetic resolution of terminal epoxides

• Shengli Zuo,
• Shuxiang Zheng,
• Jianjun Liu and
• Ang Zuo

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2022, 18, 1416–1423, doi:10.3762/bjoc.18.147

• intimate affinity of unsymmetrical salens chelating with metals. The HKR of epichlorohydrin with water catalyzed by Co–salens 2 was studied and chiral 2f showed an outstanding catalytic ability to afford the diol product in high ee (98%). A library of α-aryloxy alcohols was thereafter synthesized through

Sinensiols H–J, three new lignan derivatives from Selaginella sinensis (Desv.) Spring

• Qinfeng Zhu,
• Beibei Gao,
• Qian Chen,
• Tiantian Luo,
• Guobo Xu and
• Shanggao Liao

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2022, 18, 1410–1415, doi:10.3762/bjoc.18.146

• quite similar to that of (E)-5,5′-(but-2-ene-1,4-diyl)bis(3-methoxybenzene-1,2-diol) [15]. The main difference was that the hydroxy group at C-4 and C-4′ in (E)-5,5′-(but-2-ene-1,4-diyl)bis(3-methoxybenzene-1,2-diol) was substituted by a methoxy group in 2, which was confirmed by the HMBC correlation

Enantioselective total synthesis of putative dihydrorosefuran, a monoterpene with an unique 2,5-dihydrofuran structure

• Irene Torres-García,
• Josefa L. López-Martínez,
• Rocío López-Domene,
• Manuel Muñoz-Dorado,
• Ignacio Rodríguez-García and
• Miriam Álvarez-Corral

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2022, 18, 1264–1269, doi:10.3762/bjoc.18.132

• . Analysis of the NMR data of the Mosher's derivatives of 8 suggested (S) configuration for the alcohol (−)-3 [16]. On the other hand, enantiopure acetate (+)-(R)-9 was transformed into diol (+)-(R)-7 by the addition of an excess of MeMgBr. Finally, these enantiopure compounds, α-hydroxyallene (−)-(S)-3 and

• diol (+)-(R)-7, can be used to prepare both enantiomers of compound 1 following the procedures shown in Scheme 2. Unfortunately, once the racemic synthesis was successfully completed and the chiral design was fulfilled, it was found that the spectroscopic data of compound 1 did not match neither with

• signals of the oxygenated carbons (C2 and C5). The same behavior pattern can be observed in the 1H NMR data. This made us think that the natural product of T. mendocina could have an acyclic skeleton instead of a dihydrofuran one. For this reason, we propose this compound should be the diol called

Vicinal ketoesters – key intermediates in the total synthesis of natural products

• Marc Paul Beller and
• Ulrich Koert

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2022, 18, 1236–1248, doi:10.3762/bjoc.18.129

• 27. Subsequent oxidation gave α-ketoester 28 which was used in an intramolecular, Lewis acid-mediated aldol reaction, presumably via tridentate complex transition state III, to give diol 29 as a single diastereomer. Inversion of the secondary alcohol and deprotection gave preussochromone D (30

Electrochemical formal homocoupling of sec-alcohols

• Kosuke Yamamoto,
• Kazuhisa Arita,
• Masashi Shiota,
• Masami Kuriyama and
• Osamu Onomura

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2022, 18, 1062–1069, doi:10.3762/bjoc.18.108

• sacrificial anode would be a promising approach toward synthetically valuable vic-1,2-diol scaffolds without using low-valent metal reductants. However, sacrificial anodes produce an equimolar amount of metal waste, which may be a major issue in terms of sustainable chemistry. Herein, we report a sacrificial

• electrolysis; Introduction Carbon–carbon bond formation is one of the most fundamental and important reactions in synthetic organic chemistry. Reductive coupling of carbonyl compounds known as pinacol coupling would be a powerful method to construct vic-1,2-diol scaffolds through C–C bond formation [1][2

• substrate 1k gave 2k in a less satisfactory yield but with good diastereoselectivity. 1-Phenyl-1-propanol (1l) was successfully transformed into the desired product 2l in a moderate yield. In addition, ethyl lactate (1m) provided the corresponding vic-1,2-diol 2m in 60% yield but with low

Heteroleptic metallosupramolecular aggregates/complexation for supramolecular catalysis

• Prodip Howlader and
• Michael Schmittel

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2022, 18, 597–630, doi:10.3762/bjoc.18.62

• enantioselectivity (94% ee). Using similar reaction conditions, the non-assembled BINOL derivative (S)-3,3'-dibromo-[1,1'-binaphthyl]-2,2'-diol acted as a superior catalyst (99% yield) but achieved a lower enantioselectivity (84% ee). Therefore, this result indicates that the incorporation of multiple catalytic

A study of the photochemical behavior of terarylenes containing allomaltol and pyrazole fragments

• Constantine V. Milyutin,
• Andrey N. Komogortsev,
• Boris V. Lichitsky and
• Valeriya G. Melekhina

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2022, 18, 588–596, doi:10.3762/bjoc.18.61

• diastereospecificity of the studied process, which leads to the formation of a trans-diastereomer (mixture of S/S- and R/R-enantiomers). The structure of vicinal diol 18 was unambiguously established by single-crystal X-ray diffraction (Figure 4). Conclusion In summary, we have studied the photochemical behavior of

BINOL as a chiral element in mechanically interlocked molecules

• Matthias Krajnc and
• Jochen Niemeyer

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2022, 18, 508–523, doi:10.3762/bjoc.18.53

• '-binaphthyl-2,2'-diol (BINOL) unit as a stereogenic element in mechanically interlocked molecules (MIMs). We describe the synthesis and properties of such BINOL-based chiral MIMs, together with their use in further diastereoselective modifications, their application in asymmetric catalysis, and their use in

• planar chirality into at least one of the subcomponents. One of the most important chiral molecular frameworks in general is the 1,1'-binaphthyl-2,2'-diol unit (BINOL, see Figure 1). BINOL is an axially chiral molecule with a high configurational stability and a well-established synthetic chemistry

The asymmetric Henry reaction as synthetic tool for the preparation of the drugs linezolid and rivaroxaban

• Martin Vrbický,
• Karel Macek,
• Jaroslav Pochobradský,
• Jan Svoboda,
• Miloš Sedlák and
• Pavel Drabina

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2022, 18, 438–445, doi:10.3762/bjoc.18.46

• -1,2-diol, etc.) [11]. Beside this, approaches in which asymmetric synthesis is included are also applicable. Recently, the utilization of an asymmetric Henry reaction for the preparation of two oxazolidine-type drugs, namely linezolid (1) and rivaroxaban (2), has been described [12][13]. These

Menadione: a platform and a target to valuable compounds synthesis

• Acácio S. de Souza,
• Ruan Carlos B. Ribeiro,
• Dora C. S. Costa,
• Fernanda P. Pauli,
• David R. Pinho,
• Matheus G. de Moraes,
• Fernando de C. da Silva,
• Luana da S. M. Forezi and
• Vitor F. Ferreira

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2022, 18, 381–419, doi:10.3762/bjoc.18.43

Chemical and chemoenzymatic routes to bridged homoarabinofuranosylpyrimidines: Bicyclic AZT analogues

• Sandeep Kumar,
• Jyotirmoy Maity,
• Banty Kumar,
• Sumit Kumar and
• Ashok K. Prasad

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2022, 18, 95–101, doi:10.3762/bjoc.18.10

• its extraction in the organic phase during work up procedure. So, the classical chemical route to synthesize nucleosides 9a,b started with the conversion of diacetone ᴅ-glucofuranose 10 to 3′-azido-3′-deoxy-β-ᴅ-allofuranoside 11, which on acidification with 80% acetic acid gave furanoside diol 17. The

• regioselective protection of the primary hydroxy group of diol 17 using TBDPS-Cl in pyridine at room temperature afforded TBDPS-protected furanoside 18, which on acetolysis using AcOH/Ac2O/H2SO4 (100:10:0.1) afforded the anomeric mixture of coupling sugar 19a,b in 80% yield. The Vorbrüggen coupling [29] of

Efficient and regioselective synthesis of dihydroxy-substituted 2-aminocyclooctane-1-carboxylic acid and its bicyclic derivatives

• İlknur Polat,
• Selçuk Eşsiz,
• Uğur Bozkaya and
• Emine Salamci

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2022, 18, 77–85, doi:10.3762/bjoc.18.7

• diol 5 as a single isomer in 91% yield. We assume that the trans selectivity of hydroxylation in ester 4 is due to the steric effect of the presence of the bulky Boc group. The structure of 5 was determined with the help of 1D (1H and 13C) and 2D (COSY and HMQC) NMR spectra. The diagonal peak at 4.10

• expected product 9 failed. The product 8 was obtained as the major product in 80% yield, and the expected product 9 was formed as the minor product in 4% yield. We propose that diol isomer mixture 9 can be formed by solvolysis. The presence of the lactone ring in 8 was determined by 2D NMR spectroscopic

• a mixture of products 10 and 11 in a 7:3 ratio was determined by NMR spectroscopy. The reaction mixture was purified using preparative silica gel TLC on a chromatotron with ethyl acetate/hexane (50:50) as the eluent to give carbamate 10 and diol isomer mixture 11 in 65% and 25% yields, respectively

Highly stereocontrolled total synthesis of racemic codonopsinol B through isoxazolidine-4,5-diol vinylation

• Lukáš Ďurina,
• Anna Ďurinová,
• František Trejtnar,
• Ľuboš Janotka,
• Lucia Messingerová,
• Jana Doháňošová,
• Ján Moncol and
• Róbert Fischer

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 2781–2786, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.188

• -stereoselective epoxidation of 2,3-dihydroisoxazole with in situ-generated DMDO, the syn-selective α-chelation-controlled addition of vinyl-MgBr/CeCl3 to the isoxazolidine-4,5-diol intermediate, and the substrate-directed epoxidation of the terminal double bond of the corresponding γ-amino-α,β-diol with aqueous

• cancer cell lines [14]. For this reason, the compounds 1 and 2 were prepared first in their racemic form to begin the initial biological studies. Results and Discussion The starting isoxazolidine-4,5-diol 3, possessing the desired 3,4-trans configuration (Scheme 1), will be prepared by using our

• isoxazolidine-4,5-diols in the presence of anhydrous cerium chloride [17], which proceeded in a highly syn-diastereoselective manner due to the presence of the unprotected hydroxy group in the α-position. Accordingly, the diol 3 will be examined in the reaction with vinylmagnesium bromide with an emphasis on

Synthetic strategies toward 1,3-oxathiolane nucleoside analogues

• Umesh P. Aher,
• Dhananjai Srivastava,
• Girij P. Singh and
• Jayashree B. S

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 2680–2715, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.182

• % aqueous sulfuric acid, the isopropylidene group of 13 was selectively deprotected at 70 °C in dioxane to obtain diol 14. This diol was further cleaved using lead tetraacetate, and further reduction with sodium borohydride produced compound 15. The 5'-hydroxy group of 15 was then treated with tert

• ). Sodium periodate was used for oxidative cleavage of cis-diol 3d. The subsequent aldehyde was then converted to a vicinal diol by reduction with sodium borohydride. Further, it was protected by 2,2-dimethoxypropane to give the 1,3-oxathiolane derivative 21. The benzoylated compound 22 was obtained by

• reaction of benzoyl chloride in pyridine to protect the hydroxy group, which results in a high yield. The isopropylidene group was selectively deprotected using 10% HCl, followed by oxidative breakage of the carbon–carbon bond of the resulting diol using sodium periodate. Further reduction of the aldehyde

α-Ketol and α-iminol rearrangements in synthetic organic and biosynthetic reactions

• Scott Benz and
• Andrew S. Murkin

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 2570–2584, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.172

• enzymatic base (B), ring opens and subsequently rearranges to 74. AuaH uses NADH to reduce the ketone to diol 75, which undergoes dehydration to give aurachin B (76). The conversion of asperfloroid (73) to asperflotone (72), featuring the ring-expanding α-ketol rearrangement of 74 to form 75. Hypothetical

Strategies for the synthesis of brevipolides

• Yudhi D. Kurniawan and
• A'liyatur Rosyidah

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 2399–2416, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.157

• reduced in a stereoselective manner adopting Luche conditions to provide diol 24 (dr 97:3), which after masking the primary alcohol moiety as a silyl ether, allowed isolation of the desired product 25 in 86% yield. This intermediate possessed the correct chirality on the free secondary alcohol to

• desired epoxide 30 after one hour in 85% yield (dr 10:1). This species was next converted to the terminal carbonate derivative 31 to transform the epoxy functionality to a vicinal diol through a two-step manipulation involving protection of the terminal alcohol as Boc derivative followed by BF3·Et2O

• acid (17) (Scheme 4). The β-hydroxy moiety in 44 can be installed via Sharpless dihydroxylation of the silyl enol ether derived from ketone 45. The 5,6-dihydro-α-pyrone group in ketone 45 is envisaged from protected diol 46 by the sequence of Mitsunobu esterification, ring-closing metathesis, and base

Advances in mercury(II)-salt-mediated cyclization reactions of unsaturated bonds

• Sumana Mandal,
• Raju D. Chaudhari and
• Goutam Biswas

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 2348–2376, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.153

• ) [101]. Later it was shown that alkynyl diol 150 when treated with 20 mol % Hg(OTf)2 followed by Et3SiH afforded bispyranoyl ketone 151, but when Hg(OTf)2 was increased (1 equiv) then fused pyran-oxocane derivative 152 was isolated [102]. Six-membered morpholine derivatives were also synthesized by

• , hippuristanol and some analogs were successfully synthesized utilizing a Hg(OTf)2-catalyzed cascade spiroketalization step of the 3-alkyne-1,7-diol motif. The Hg(OTf)2-catalyzed cascade spiroketalization step was proved to be more convenient than Suárez cyclization. A Hg(TFA)2-mediated cyclization was

Recent advances in the syntheses of anthracene derivatives

• Giovanni S. Baviera and
• Paulo M. Donate

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 2028–2050, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.131

• yields (89–94%) and mild reaction conditions [53]. In a related approach, in 2015, Mohanakrishnan and his group reported the synthesis of anthracene derivatives and other annulated products via the regioselective cyclization of asymmetric 1,2-diarylmethine diol 83b by using a HBr/AcOH system (Scheme 20

• converted to the substituted anthracenes 109 and 110 by varying the acidic workup procedures. In addition, they prepared 9-chloro-10-phenylanthracene (112) in good yield (87%) through diol 111 [59]. Synthesis of substituted benzo[a]anthracene and dibenzoanthracene derivatives Metal-catalyzed C–H bond

Progress and challenges in the synthesis of sequence controlled polysaccharides

• Giulio Fittolani,
• Theodore Tyrikos-Ergas,
• Denisa Vargová,
• Manishkumar A. Chaube and
• Martina Delbianco

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 1981–2025, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.129

• resulting 2,3-diol as acceptor in the following glycosylation [131]. A regioselective glycosylation strategy was developed to obtain a collection of linear glucans (8mer to 16mer) (Scheme 4), as well as a branched 9mer and 17mer [137][138]. A similar strategy based on the regioselective glycosylation of a

• 2,3-diol 4,6-O-benzylidene acceptor permitted to access various β(1–3)-glucans, ranging from trimer to 13mer [126]. Regioselectivity was also achieved using a gold-catalyzed glycosylation, to give a linear β(1–3)-linked 11mer and a branched 14mer in a convergent manner [139]. Collection of linear as

On the application of 3d metals for C–H activation toward bioactive compounds: The key step for the synthesis of silver bullets

• Renato L. Carvalho,
• Amanda S. de Miranda,
• Mateus P. Nunes,
• Roberto S. Gomes,
• Guilherme A. M. Jardim and
• Eufrânio N. da Silva Júnior

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 1849–1938, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.126

• [158]. The synthesis started with a cyclopentene derivative, obtained after two steps from a diol via tosylation/displacement strategy with Me2CuLi·LiI. Then, after a Lewis acid-promoted cycloaddition, the alkylation of the α-carbon atom followed by regioselective Baeyer–Villiger oxidation provided the

Natural products in the predatory defence of the filamentous fungal pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus

• Jana M. Boysen,
• Nauman Saeed and
• Falk Hillmann

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 1814–1827, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.124

• more likely to survive internalization by lung epithelial cells [147][154][155]. Although DHN-melanin is generally associated with immune evasion it was recently found to be recognized in higher animals via the C-type lectin receptor (MelLec) which interacts with the naphthalene-diol domain of DHN