Tetrathiafulvalene – a redox-switchable building block to control motion in mechanically interlocked molecules

• Hendrik V. Schröder and
• Christoph A. Schalley

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2018, 14, 2163–2185, doi:10.3762/bjoc.14.190

• lasso, a structural motif which was also recently found in nature for peptides with high antibacterial efficacy [71]. In 12, the TTF molecule is not implemented in the thread but in the wheel component. In the neutral state, strong hydrogen bonding between the crown ether wheel and the dialkylammonium

Synthesis of 9-arylalkynyl- and 9-aryl-substituted benzo[b]quinolizinium derivatives by Palladium-mediated cross-coupling reactions

• Siva Sankar Murthy Bandaru,
• Darinka Dzubiel,
• Heiko Ihmels,
• Mohebodin Karbasiyoun,
• Mohamed M. A. Mahmoud and
• Carola Schulzke

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2018, 14, 1871–1884, doi:10.3762/bjoc.14.161

• ligand may interfere with DNA–enzyme recognition events, which are essential for DNA-based cellular processes, e.g., gene replication or transcription [1]. To this end, it was shown that DNA-binding ligands may operate as chemotherapeutic anticancer, antiviral or antibacterial drugs, for example as

Synthesis of spirocyclic scaffolds using hypervalent iodine reagents

• Fateh V. Singh,
• Priyanka B. Kole,
• Saeesh R. Mangaonkar and
• Samata E. Shetgaonkar

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2018, 14, 1778–1805, doi:10.3762/bjoc.14.152

• starting from substrate 147. (±)-Aculeatin and its derivatives possessing spirocyclic skeleton are known for their antibacterial and antiprotozoal properties [135]. In this report, substrate 147 was cyclized to spiroketals, i.e., (−)-aculeatin (146a) and (+)-146b in 3:2 ratio. Herein, 1.0 equivalent of

Synthesis and photophysical studies of a multivalent photoreactive Ru^II-calix[4]arene complex bearing RGD-containing cyclopentapeptides

• Sofia Kajouj,
• Lionel Marcelis,
• Alice Mattiuzzi,
• Adrien Grassin,
• Damien Dufour,
• Pierre Van Antwerpen,
• Didier Boturyn,
• Eric Defrancq,
• Mathieu Surin,
• Julien De Winter,
• Pascal Gerbaux,
• Ivan Jabin and
• Cécile Moucheron

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2018, 14, 1758–1768, doi:10.3762/bjoc.14.150

• that calixarenes themselves display antibacterial, antiviral, and anticancer properties [64]. Herein, we describe the synthesis of a multivalent phototherapeutic agent designed in order to specifically target membrane receptors involved in the angiogenesis process. The multivalent system is composed of

Two new 2-alkylquinolones, inhibitory to the fish skin ulcer pathogen Tenacibaculum maritimum, produced by a rhizobacterium of the genus Burkholderia sp.

• Dandan Li,
• Naoya Oku,
• Atsumi Hasada,
• Masafumi Shimizu and
• Yasuhiro Igarashi

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2018, 14, 1446–1451, doi:10.3762/bjoc.14.122

• inhibited the growth of the marine bacterium Tenacibaculum maritimum, an etiological agent of skin ulcers in marine fish, offering new opportunities to develop antibacterial drugs for fish farming. Keywords: antimicrobial; Burkholderia; quinolone; skin ulcer; Tenacibaculum maritimum; Findings Bacteria of

• , 1 yeast, and 4 fungi. The result of this screening prompted the detailed chemical study of a strain coded as MBAF1239, which resulted in the isolation of eight antibacterial metabolites, including the two new 2-alkylquinolones 1 and 3 (Figure 1). Strain MBAF1239 was seed-cultured in V22 medium and

• Pseudomonas aeruginosa. A series of chemoecological studies of P. aeruginosa has uncovered multifunctional roles of this quinolone class as antibacterial, antifungal, iron-chelating, and autoinducer agents to assist the survival of the producing organisms [32]. Additionally, drug discovery attempts have

A selective removal of the secondary hydroxy group from ortho-dithioacetal-substituted diarylmethanols

• Anna Czarnecka,
• Emilia Kowalska,
• Agnieszka Bodzioch,
• Joanna Skalik,
• Marek Koprowski,
• Krzysztof Owsianik and
• Piotr Bałczewski

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2018, 14, 1229–1237, doi:10.3762/bjoc.14.105

• cyclic compounds possessing a diarylmethyl motif, like podophyllotoxin (V) and lasofoxifene (VI), have been a subject of interest as bioactive molecules (Figure 1) [1]. The diarylmethane derivatives, isolated from natural sources, showed antibacterial [2], antiestrogenic and antitumorigenic (I) [3][4][5

One hundred years of benzotropone chemistry

• Arif Dastan,
• Haydar Kilic and
• Nurullah Saracoglu

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2018, 14, 1120–1180, doi:10.3762/bjoc.14.98

• and in a number of other natural compounds that have shown a highly diverse range of biological activity [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9], like the inhibitory activity of inositol monophosphatase [10][11], antitumor [12], antibiotic [12][13], and antibacterial activity [14] and lipoxygenase inhibitor

An overview of recent advances in duplex DNA recognition by small molecules

• Sayantan Bhaduri,
• Nihar Ranjan and
• Dev P. Arya

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2018, 14, 1051–1086, doi:10.3762/bjoc.14.93

• significant antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacterial strains [50]. Several other distamycin analogs were synthesized by replacing one or more pyrrole rings with other heterocycles such as pyrazoles [51], benzofurans [52], thiazoles, thiophenes, imidazole and oxazoles [53] in order to establish a

• . Thus, the conjugate 11 was chosen for further development as an anti-lung cancer therapeutic. In the similar fashion, the same group investigated the correlation between DNA binding and antibacterial activity shown by these novel distamycin alkene-containing analogs (MGB-BP-3, 12 and 13, Figure 4

• , dihydrofuranocoumarins are another class of coumarins possessing anticancer activities. Recently, Ahmadi et al. identified several dihydrofuranocoumarins, especially grandivittin (GRA), from Ferulago macrocarpa (Fenzl) Boiss., and their mechanism of minor groove DNA binding and antibacterial, cytotoxic and antioxidant

An efficient and facile access to highly functionalized pyrrole derivatives

• Meng Gao,
• Wenting Zhao,
• Hongyi Zhao,
• Ziyun Lin,
• Dongfeng Zhang and
• Haihong Huang

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2018, 14, 884–890, doi:10.3762/bjoc.14.75

• considerable efforts have been expended to build stereogenic centers of pyrrolidine derivatives using chiral catalysts [7]. As our aim was to construct a small library of polysubstituted pyrroles for antibacterial screening, it prompted us to develop a concise and efficient synthesis of pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole

• could meet our requirement to basically construct a small library of highly functionalized pyrrole derivatives for antibacterial screening or for further chemical manipulations to get more promising compounds. Conclusion In summary, we have developed an efficient, operationally simple protocol to afford

Synthesis of fluoro-functionalized diaryl-λ³-iodonium salts and their cytotoxicity against human lymphoma U937 cells

• Prajwalita Das,
• Etsuko Tokunaga,
• Hidehiko Akiyama,
• Hiroki Doi,
• Norimichi Saito and
• Norio Shibata

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2018, 14, 364–372, doi:10.3762/bjoc.14.24

• ylides, and (diacyloxyiodo)arenes were also examined for their antibacterial activities against ice nucleation active Pseudomonas syringae, and aryliodonium salts, especially those with electron-withdrawing groups, exhibit higher antibacterial activities [49]. Despite the long history of diaryliodonium

5-Aminopyrazole as precursor in design and synthesis of fused pyrazoloazines

• Ranjana Aggarwal and
• Suresh Kumar

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2018, 14, 203–242, doi:10.3762/bjoc.14.15

• pharmacological activities such as: anticancer [1][2], anti-inflammatory [3][4], antioxidant [5], antibacterial [6][7][8], analgesic [9], antiviral [10][11], antimicrobial [12][13], antifungal [6], antiglycemic [14], antiamoebic [15] and antidepressive [16][17]. Considering the immense biological properties

• 200 from the cyclocondensation of 5-amino-1-(2,4-dinitrophenyl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide (199) with aromatic aldehydes in the presence of iodine in acetonitrile (Scheme 55). The synthesized pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines were evaluated for antibacterial activities. Venkatesan et al. [132] also used 4

• Pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyrazines have received great attention because of their interesting biological activities such as inhibition of protein kinases [137], blood platelet aggregation [138], bone metabolism improvers [139] as well as antifungal [140], antibacterial [141], antiparasitic [142] and antiviral [143

Volatiles from the tropical ascomycete Daldinia clavata (Hypoxylaceae, Xylariales)

• Tao Wang,
• Kathrin I. Mohr,
• Marc Stadler and
• Jeroen S. Dickschat

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2018, 14, 135–147, doi:10.3762/bjoc.14.9

• -pyrone 17 exhibited a moderate antifungal and weak antibacterial effect, while the lactone 9 was moderately cytotoxic, but devoid of significant antimicrobial activity. The chlorinated aromatic compound 14 only weakly inhibited the sensitive test organisms Chromobacterium violaceum and Mucor hiemalis

• -5,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-2-one (9) and 6-nonyl-2H-pyran-2-one (17). Volatiles from Daldinia clavata MUCL 47436. 13C NMR data (chemical shifts in ppm) for 11a–d (125 MHz, C6D6). In vitro antibacterial, antifungal and cytotoxic activity of compounds 9, 14 and 17 in comparison with positive controls

Reagent-controlled regiodivergent intermolecular cyclization of 2-aminobenzothiazoles with β-ketoesters and β-ketoamides

• Irwan Iskandar Roslan,
• Kian-Hong Ng,
• Gaik-Khuan Chuah and
• Stephan Jaenicke

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 2739–2750, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.270

• antimicrobial [35][36], antitumor [37][38][39], antibacterial [40], and anti-allergic agents [41]. In addition, compounds with this backbone are employed as kinase inhibitors and receptors [42][43][44] and as a tracer for PET imaging of β-amyloid plaques [45][46]. The conventional approach for the construction

• regioselectively form this instead of 3a and 4. This tricyclic backbone can be found in compounds that possess a wide range of medicinal properties including those with antimalarial [74], anticancer [75][76], antiallergic [77][78], antibacterial [79], and antimicrobial properties [80][81]. In addition, they have

An efficient synthesis of 1,6-anhydro-N-acetylmuramic acid from N-acetylglucosamine

• Matthew B. Calvert,
• Christoph Mayer and
• Alexander Titz

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 2631–2636, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.261

• cell wall recycling; carbohydrate synthesis; Introduction 1,6-Anhydro-N-acetylmuramic acid (AnhydroMurNAc, 1, Figure 1) and its derivatives (e.g., 2 and 3) are of great interest due to their integral role in bacterial cell wall recycling [1][2] and the induction of antibacterial resistance [3

• ]. Numerous syntheses of 1 have been carried out, including early synthetic work by Sinaÿ [4][5] and Paulsen [6][7], and more recent syntheses by Mobashery [8], Fukase [9], and Mark [10], which have enabled further studies in the field of antibacterial research. Looking to access significant quantities of 1

Sulfation and amidinohydrolysis in the biosynthesis of giant linear polyenes

• Hui Hong,
• Markiyan Samborskyy,
• Katsiaryna Usachova,
• Katharina Schnatz and
• Peter F. Leadlay

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 2408–2415, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.238

• teicoplanin-related antibacterial A47934 [11], the engineered trisubstituted sulfoteicoplanin aglycone G [12], the echinocandin-like FR901379 [13]; and the sulfated carbapenem MM4550 [14]. A specific amidinohydrolase has been found encoded in the respective biosynthetic gene clusters for the marginolactone

Solvent-free copper-catalyzed click chemistry for the synthesis of N-heterocyclic hybrids based on quinoline and 1,2,3-triazole

• Martina Tireli,
• Silvija Maračić,
• Stipe Lukin,
• Marina Juribašić Kulcsár,
• Dijana Žilić,
• Mario Cetina,
• Ivan Halasz,
• Silvana Raić-Malić and
• Krunoslav Užarević

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 2352–2363, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.232

• important class of organic reactions by applying advanced in situ Raman monitoring techniques. Screening of cytostatic and antibacterial activities of novel compounds 5–8 and their structural analogs will be reported in due course. Experimental Materials and methods. Compounds 5–8 were synthesized from

Diosgenyl 2-amino-2-deoxy-β-D-galactopyranoside: synthesis, derivatives and antimicrobial activity

• Henryk Myszka,
• Patrycja Sokołowska,
• Agnieszka Cieślińska,
• Andrzej Nowacki,
• Maciej Jaśkiewicz,
• Wojciech Kamysz and
• Beata Liberek

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 2310–2315, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.227

• /bjoc.13.227 Abstract The synthesis of diosgenyl 2-amino-2-deoxy-β-D-galactopyranoside is presented for the first time. This synthetic saponin was transformed into its hydrochloride as well as N-acyl, 2-ureido, N-alkyl, and N,N-dialkyl derivatives. Antifungal and antibacterial studies show that some of

• diosgenyl saponins are used in folk medicine in many countries. Such herbal medicines exhibit anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, diuretic and expectorant activities [2][11]. Importantly, these also help fight cancer cells [12][13][14]. Although saponins, in which D-galactose is

• ]. Modifications of the amino group in this synthetic saponin led to analogs with promising antitumor, antifungal and antibacterial activities [24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31]. In this paper, for the first time, syntheses of diosgenyl 2-amino-2-deoxy-β-D-galactopyranoside, its hydrochloride as well as N-acyl, 2

Selective enzymatic esterification of lignin model compounds in the ball mill

• Ulla Weißbach,
• Saumya Dabral,
• Laure Konnert,
• Carsten Bolm and
• José G. Hernández

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 1788–1795, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.173

• antioxidant, antibacterial and sun protection properties [17][23][24]. Motivated by the aforementioned scenario and in line with our research interest on studying the compatibility of biocatalysts and mechanochemical milling, we decided to investigate the enzymatic esterification of lignin model compounds in

• addressing the centrally-located primary aliphatic hydroxyl content of lignins is still highly possible. This strategy is expected to allow the preservation of the phenolic and benzylic alcohol contents in modified lignins, in order to keep the antibacterial and antioxidant activities of this biopolymer

Oxidative dehydrogenation of C–C and C–N bonds: A convenient approach to access diverse (dihydro)heteroaromatic compounds

• Santanu Hati,
• Ulrike Holzgrabe and
• Subhabrata Sen

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 1670–1692, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.162

• alkaloids such as luotonin A, tryptanthrin and many more (Figure 1) [11][12]. Quinazoline derivatives work as potential inhibitors of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and tyrosine kinase receptors and also display antibacterial, antitubercular and antiviral properties [13][14][15][16]. Last but not the least

Effect of uridine protecting groups on the diastereoselectivity of uridine-derived aldehyde 5’-alkynylation

• Raja Ben Othman,
• Mickaël J. Fer,
• Laurent Le Corre,
• Sandrine Calvet-Vitale and
• Christine Gravier-Pelletier

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 1533–1541, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.153

• ; nucleoside; protecting groups; uridine; Introduction Nucleoside and nucleotide derivatives or analogues are biologically active compounds of major interest [1][2]. Their widespread applications span from therapeutic agents, such as antibacterial [3][4][5], antiviral [6] or antitumor [7][8] drugs, to

Sustainable synthesis of 3-substituted phthalides via a catalytic one-pot cascade strategy from 2-formylbenzoic acid with β-keto acids in glycerol

• Lina Jia and
• Fuzhong Han

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 1425–1429, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.139

• [3][4][5], exhibit a broad spectrum of pharmacological activity, such as antibacterial, anti-HIV, antifungal, antibiotic, antitumor and immunosuppressive effects [6][7][8][9][10]. In addition, the one-pot cascade transformation has proven to be the key step in organic syntheses because of its broad

Switchable highly regioselective synthesis of 3,4-dihydroquinoxalin-2(1H)ones from o-phenylenediamines and aroylpyruvates

• Juraj Dobiaš,
• Marek Ondruš,
• Gabriela Addová and
• Andrej Boháč

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 1350–1360, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.132

• hits for distinct biological targets [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20], particularly antidiabetic 7 [20], anticancer 8 [18], anti-inflammatory 9 [16], and antibacterial 10 [19] (Figure 1). The described compounds 4–6 were prepared from o-phenylenediamine. Compounds 7–10 may be prepared from

Biomimetic molecular design tools that learn, evolve, and adapt

• David A Winkler

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 1288–1302, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.125

• infections and drug resistant pathogens, and the increased use of implantable and indwelling medical devices. Much research is now focusing on developing materials that resist bacterial attachment and growth as an alternative to new antibacterial agents to which the development of resistance is inevitable

Total synthesis of elansolids B1 and B2

• Liang-Liang Wang and
• Andreas Kirschning

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 1280–1287, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.124

• bacterium Chitinophaga sancti. They show antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria. A second generation total synthesis of the antibiotic elansolid B1 (2) and the first synthesis of elansolid B2 (3) are reported. In contrast to previous work, the (Z,E,Z)-triene at C10–C15 was assembled by using

Sugar-based micro/mesoporous hypercross-linked polymers with in situ embedded silver nanoparticles for catalytic reduction

• Qing Yin,
• Qi Chen,
• Li-Can Lu and
• Bao-Hang Han

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 1212–1221, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.120

• functionalization of the materials. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have received extensive attention because of their unique properties and applications in catalysis [18], antibacterial use [19], phase separation [20], surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) [21], etc. Compared with bulk silver, AgNPs have a more