Low-budget 3D-printed equipment for continuous flow reactions

• Jochen M. Neumaier,
• Amiera Madani,
• Thomas Klein and
• Thomas Ziegler

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2019, 15, 558–566, doi:10.3762/bjoc.15.50

• various screws are necessary for the assembly (Figure 5). For a full part list, CAD files of the printed parts and manufacturing details see the Supporting Information. The control command program was written on the open-source Arduino software and was fully adaptable to syringes from 1 mL to 50 mL. After

• syringe pumps. Acknowledgements We thank our in-house metal and electronic workshop, especially Fero Digel for helping with the assembly of the pumps and Tobias Wolf for helping with the Arduino programming.

Back to the future: Why we need enzymology to build a synthetic metabolism of the future

• Tobias J. Erb

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2019, 15, 551–557, doi:10.3762/bjoc.15.49

• enzymatic data in a more standardized fashion. As a matter of fact, standardization has been an important driver in the development of synthetic biology. This is probably best demonstrated by the BioBrick System [62] and the multitude of standardized genetic elements that are available for the assembly of

Aqueous olefin metathesis: recent developments and applications

• Valerio Sabatino and
• Thomas R. Ward

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2019, 15, 445–468, doi:10.3762/bjoc.15.39

• publication, catalyst 9 was used for an aqueous living ring-opening metathesis polymerization-induced self-assembly (ROMPISA). The authors demonstrated the possibility of performing living ROMP in water selecting a quaternary ammonium-based phenyl norbornene carboximide as core-forming monomer [60]. This

• leader sequence to the N-terminus of streptavidin (Sav) allowed the secretion and assembly of functional tetrameric Sav in the periplasm of E. coli. The passive diffusion of the biotinylated Hoveyda–Grubbs catalyst 60 through the outer membrane of E. coli containing Sav in its periplasm then affords the

• , entries 2, 7 and 12). Gebbink and co-workers anchored the HG-type catalyst 79 to cutinase, a serine hydrolase [75]. The phosphonate ester moiety acts as a suicide inhibitor forming an irreversible covalent bond to a serine residue present in the active site of the enzyme. Assembly of ArM 8 occurs at pH 5

Application of olefin metathesis in the synthesis of functionalized polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS) and POSS-containing polymeric materials

• Patrycja Żak and
• Cezary Pietraszuk

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2019, 15, 310–332, doi:10.3762/bjoc.15.28

• amorphous polymeric grafts in another block. Hierarchical self-assembly of rodlike copolymer was studied from the point of view of its utility in producing highly ordered 1D photonic crystals. Surface-initiated ROMP was used to grow an organic corona phase on the surface of CdSe/ZnS quantum dots [39

Olefin metathesis in multiblock copolymer synthesis

• Maria L. Gringolts,
• Yulia I. Denisova,
• Eugene Sh. Finkelshtein and
• Yaroslav V. Kudryavtsev

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2019, 15, 218–235, doi:10.3762/bjoc.15.21

• multiblock copolymers with respect to self-assembly. In recent years, it was demonstrated that such polymers can be prepared with many of the available techniques, including polycondensation [28], chain-shuttling polymerization [29], copper-mediated radical polymerization [30][31][32], reversible addition

Unexpected loss of stereoselectivity in glycosylation reactions during the synthesis of chondroitin sulfate oligosaccharides

• Teresa Mena-Barragán,
• José L. de Paz and
• Pedro M. Nieto

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2019, 15, 137–144, doi:10.3762/bjoc.15.14

• oligosaccharides in order to improve the glycosylation efficiency [20][21]. In this approach, glucose instead of GlcA residues were employed in the oligosaccharide assembly and final oxidation and derivatization was carried out at the oligomer stage. Syndecan-1 glycopeptide containing a CS type A sequence was also

Fabrication of supramolecular cyclodextrin–fullerene nonwovens by electrospinning

• Hiroaki Yoshida,
• Ken Kikuta and
• Toshiyuki Kida

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2019, 15, 89–95, doi:10.3762/bjoc.15.10

• its low self-assembly features in solution [15]. We recently reported that 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP) is a suitable solvent for CDs, and a CD/HFIP solution can be facilely electrospun into fibers at a relatively low concentration of approximately 12.5 w/v % [11], which is comparable to

Lectins of Mycobacterium tuberculosis – rarely studied proteins

• Katharina Kolbe,
• Sri Kumar Veleti,
• Norbert Reiling and
• Thisbe K. Lindhorst

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2019, 15, 1–15, doi:10.3762/bjoc.15.1

• bacterium Pseudomonas haloplanktis [78]. These genes encode for proteins involved in assembly of type IV pili (T4P) [91]. Since bacterial lectins are often located at the terminal ends of pili or fimbriae, this homology is of potential interest as it indicates that Mtb might express carbohydrate-binding

• . Interestingly, one of the T4P-associated genes is Rv3659, previously identified by in silico genome analysis as coding for a potential mycobacterial lectin (see above) [78]. Although the related protein is most likely involved in pili assembly, it is not inconceivable that T4P have carbohydrate-binding

Protein–protein interactions in bacteria: a promising and challenging avenue towards the discovery of new antibiotics

• Laura Carro

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2018, 14, 2881–2896, doi:10.3762/bjoc.14.267

• polymerizes into a ring structure (the Z-ring) early at the division site and operates as a focal point for the assembly of the other division proteins [84]. There are several advantages of cell-division proteins as an antibacterial target: first, their intrinsic characteristics and essentiality for the

Olefin metathesis catalysts embedded in β-barrel proteins: creating artificial metalloproteins for olefin metathesis

• Daniel F. Sauer,
• Johannes Schiffels,
• Takashi Hayashi,
• Ulrich Schwaneberg and
• Jun Okuda

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2018, 14, 2861–2871, doi:10.3762/bjoc.14.265

• Gram-negative bacteria [38]. They constitute up to 24 strands, require sophisticated assembly machineries for membrane integration [39] and are usually “plugged” by hydrophilic loops and helices that either ensure the binding of small molecules, or their (energy-dependent) transport across the outer

Assembly of fully substituted triazolochromenes via a novel multicomponent reaction or mechanochemical synthesis

• Robby Vroemans,
• Yenthel Verhaegen,
• My Tran Thi Dieu and
• Wim Dehaen

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2018, 14, 2689–2697, doi:10.3762/bjoc.14.246

• search for new methodologies towards the rapid assembly of chromene analogs is of utmost importance for many researchers. In this regard, 3-nitrochromenes are easily available building blocks for chromene and chromane derivatives and are highly reactive due to the presence of the nitroalkene moiety

• assembly of triazole-fused (hetero)cycles [24][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42], we opted to develop a new one-pot two-step three-component reaction starting from salicylaldehydes, nitroalkenes and organic azides, without isolation of the intermediate 3-nitrochromenes, in a regioselective manner and

Non-native autoinducer analogs capable of modulating the SdiA quorum sensing receptor in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium

• Matthew J. Styles and
• Helen E. Blackwell

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2018, 14, 2651–2664, doi:10.3762/bjoc.14.243

• other reported full length LuxR-type proteins (i.e., TraR and QscR) [21][22], albeit with different interdomain interactions that likely direct the final assembly. Despite these reported structures, we still have a very poor understanding of non-native ligand–receptor interactions involved in LuxR-type

Pathoblockers or antivirulence drugs as a new option for the treatment of bacterial infections

• Matthew B. Calvert,
• Varsha R. Jumde and
• Alexander Titz

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2018, 14, 2607–2617, doi:10.3762/bjoc.14.239

• . Numerous inhibitors have been developed against AB toxins, targeting toxin transcription, assembly, receptor binding and enzyme function [51]. A set of antibodies against diverse toxins has recently been approved for therapeutic use, which demonstrates the scientific and medical feasibility of entering the

• the extracellular environment through a needle-like structure into a host cell. The blockade of toxin secretion or needle assembly has been an active area of research, and small molecules as well as antibodies are currently being developed [30][66][67]. The TTSS needle tip protein PcrV was found to be

Synthesis of cis-hydrindan-2,4-diones bearing an all-carbon quaternary center by a Danheiser annulation

• Gisela V. Saborit,
• Carlos Cativiela,
• Ana I. Jiménez,
• Josep Bonjoch and
• Ben Bradshaw

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2018, 14, 2597–2601, doi:10.3762/bjoc.14.237

• ), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain 10.3762/bjoc.14.237 Abstract A straightforward synthetic entry to functionalized hydrindane compounds based on a rapid assembly of the core nucleus by a Danheiser cycloaddition is reported. Valuable bicyclic building blocks containing the fused five

Synergistic approach to polycycles through Suzuki–Miyaura cross coupling and metathesis as key steps

• Sambasivarao Kotha,
• Milind Meshram and
• Chandravathi Chakkapalli

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2018, 14, 2468–2481, doi:10.3762/bjoc.14.223

• -dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone (DDQ) to generate nitronaphthalene 15 (60%, Scheme 2). Due to their useful biological activity and intricate structural features of angucyclines such as 16–19 (Figure 2), several approaches have been reported for their assembly. In this context, de Koning and co

• assembly of the target molecules and thus enhances the ease of preparation of various functional molecules. These processes are considered as “green” because of atom economy and synthetic brevity [52] involved in these reactions [12][53][54]. Additionally, several methods are available to remove palladium

Synthesis of eunicellane-type bicycles embedding a 1,3-cyclohexadiene moiety

• Alex Frichert,
• Peter G. Jones and
• Thomas Lindel

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2018, 14, 2461–2467, doi:10.3762/bjoc.14.222

• McMurry coupling to the diol, followed by two-step epimerization at C2. Assembly of the envisaged cyclization precursor 27. Structure analysis of diastereomeric cyanohydrins 29 and 30. Formation of allenes 32 and 34 from sterically crowded propargylic alcohol 31. Supporting Information Supporting

Microfluidic light-driven synthesis of tetracyclic molecular architectures

• Javier Mateos,
• Nicholas Meneghini,
• Marcella Bonchio,
• Nadia Marino,
• Tommaso Carofiglio,
• Xavier Companyó and
• Luca Dell’Amico

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2018, 14, 2418–2424, doi:10.3762/bjoc.14.219

• synthetic method for the direct assembly of highly functionalized tetracyclic pharmacophoric cores. Coumarins and chromones undergo diastereoselective [4 + 2] cycloaddition reactions with light-generated photoenol intermediates. The reactions occur by aid of a microfluidic photoreactor (MFP) in high yield

Bioinspired cobalt cubanes with tunable redox potentials for photocatalytic water oxidation and CO₂ reduction

• Zhishan Luo,
• Yidong Hou,
• Jinshui Zhang,
• Sibo Wang and
• Xinchen Wang

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2018, 14, 2331–2339, doi:10.3762/bjoc.14.208

• concerns and long-term access to adequate energy supplies [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. To realize these reactions, extensive studies have focused on the design and synthesis of chemically stable light-harvesting antenna materials and efficient cocatalysts, and their assembly in integrated artificial

Coordination-driven self-assembly of discrete Ru₆–Pt₆ prismatic cages

• Aderonke Ajibola Adeyemo and
• Partha Sarathi Mukherjee

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2018, 14, 2242–2249, doi:10.3762/bjoc.14.199

• Aderonke Ajibola Adeyemo Partha Sarathi Mukherjee Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India 10.3762/bjoc.14.199 Abstract The coordination-driven self-assembly of two new Ru6–Pt6 hexanuclear trigonal prismatic cages comprising arene

• spectrometry, UV–vis and infrared studies. Geometry optimization revealed the shapes and sizes of these hexanuclear prismatic cages. The combination of ruthenium and platinum metal center in a one-pot self-assembly reaction showcases the construction of aesthetically elegant heterometallic structures in

• supramolecular chemistry leading to the formation of a single major product. Keywords: arene–ruthenium(II); heterometallic cages; platinum metalloligand; self-assembly; supramolecular architectures; Introduction Coordination-driven self-assembly of discrete architectures has evolved as a unique protocol to

A general and atom-efficient continuous-flow approach to prepare amines, amides and imines via reactive N-chloramines

• Katherine E. Jolley,
• Michael R. Chapman and
• A. John Blacker

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2018, 14, 2220–2228, doi:10.3762/bjoc.14.196

• dehydrochlorination step. Supporting Information Supporting Information File 410: Details of reactor assembly, NaOCl titration and NMR spectra. Acknowledgements The research for this work has received funding from the Innovative Medicines Initiative joint undertaking project Chem21 under grant agreement n°115360

Tetrathiafulvalene – a redox-switchable building block to control motion in mechanically interlocked molecules

• Hendrik V. Schröder and
• Christoph A. Schalley

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2018, 14, 2163–2185, doi:10.3762/bjoc.14.190

• properties which are very helpful for observing the molecular switching in MIMs are charge-transfer bands. The π-donor TTF can form donor–acceptor complexes with π-electron-poor aromatic compounds often indicated by a green color of the solution [33]. Therefore, the assembly and disassembly of these

Evaluation of dispersion type metal···π arene interaction in arylbismuth compounds – an experimental and theoretical study

• Ana-Maria Preda,
• Małgorzata Krasowska,
• Lydia Wrobel,
• Philipp Kitschke,
• Phil C. Andrews,
• Jonathan G. MacLellan,
• Lutz Mertens,
• Marcus Korb,
• Tobias Rüffer,
• Heinrich Lang,
• Alexander A. Auer and
• Michael Mehring

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2018, 14, 2125–2145, doi:10.3762/bjoc.14.187

• , Professur Anorganische Chemie, 09107 Chemnitz, Germany 10.3762/bjoc.14.187 Abstract The dispersion type Bi···π arene interaction is one of the important structural features in the assembly process of arylbismuth compounds. Several triarylbismuth compounds and polymorphs are discussed and compared based on

Calix[6]arene-based atropoisomeric pseudo[2]rotaxanes

• Carmine Gaeta,
• Carmen Talotta and
• Placido Neri

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2018, 14, 2112–2124, doi:10.3762/bjoc.14.186

• chemical shift of the ArCH2Ar methylene C, which is 30–33 ppm for the syn-orientation of the proximal phenol rings and typically 36–39 ppm with anti-positioned phenol rings as in alternate conformations. As exemplified above, the calix[6]arene macrocycle has been widely used as wheel for the assembly of

Synthesis and supramolecular self-assembly of glutamic acid-based squaramides

• Juan V. Alegre-Requena,
• Marleen Häring,
• Isaac G. Sonsona,
• Alex Abramov,
• Eugenia Marqués-López,
• Raquel P. Herrera and
• David Díaz Díaz

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2018, 14, 2065–2073, doi:10.3762/bjoc.14.180

• derivative; organogel; self-assembly; squaramide; supramolecular gel; Introduction Since their discovery, squaramides have gained importance across different fields from chemistry to biomedicine due to their synthetic versatility and wide applicability [1]. These compounds, formed by two amine units

Coordination-driven self-assembly vs dynamic covalent chemistry: versatile methods for the synthesis of molecular metallarectangles

• Li-Li Ma,
• Jia-Qin Han,
• Wei-Guo Jia and
• Ying-Feng Han

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2018, 14, 2027–2034, doi:10.3762/bjoc.14.178

• desired tetranuclear metallarectangles were synthesized by using coordination-driven self-assembly of half-sandwich rhodium-based organometallic clip units and organic ligands. The reaction of such an organometallic clip with 4-formylpyridine provided a dinuclear molecular tweezer with pendant aldehyde

• self-assembly; dynamic covalent chemistry; half-sandwich rhodium complex; metallarectangles; one-pot reaction; supramolecular chemistry; Introduction Over the past two decades, supramolecular structures with organometallic half-sandwich fragments have attracted much attention, including

• coordination-driven self-assembly has been proven to be a powerful tool to construct supramolecular architectures with controlled shapes and sizes [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30]. Using this strategy, a host of exciting supramolecular structures have been constructed by using two