Mobility of charge carriers in self-assembled monolayers

• Zhihua Fu,
• Tatjana Ladnorg,
• Hartmut Gliemann,
• Alexander Welle,
• Asif Bashir,
• Michael Rohwerder,
• Qiang Zhang,
• Björn Schüpbach,
• Andreas Terfort and
• Christof Wöll

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2449–2458, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.235

• a top electrode. We were able to determine a relationship between island size and electrical conductivity, and from this dependence, we could obtain information on the lateral charge transport and charge carrier mobility within the thin OSC layers. Our study demonstrates that AFM nanografting of

• ]. Domain boundaries, contaminations and defects have a pronounced, negative effect on charge carrier mobility. This fact calls for measurements on low-defect density samples, preferentially macroscopic single crystals, to determine the intrinsic mobilities. This approach, however, is difficult due to the

• demonstrated that the molecular packing of the monomers within the SAM is beneficial to the intermolecular electronic coupling and further promote charge carrier mobility. In accordance with the simulation, the experimental analysis of the apparent height of the islands as a function of island diameter in the

Nontoxic pyrite iron sulfide nanocrystals as second electron acceptor in PTB7:PC₇₁BM-based organic photovoltaic cells

• Olivia Amargós-Reyes,
• José-Luis Maldonado,
• Omar Martínez-Alvarez,
• María-Elena Nicho,
• José Santos-Cruz,
• Juan Nicasio-Collazo,
• Irving Caballero-Quintana and
• Concepción Arenas-Arrocena

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2238–2250, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.216

• ][8], a high optical absorption coefficient (2 × 105 cm−1) [4], high carrier mobility (2 to 80 cm2/Vs) [4][9] and a large charge carrier lifetime (200 ps) [10]. Therefore, FeS2 nanoparticles (NPs) can be a good alternative for PV applications [11]. Nanostructures of FeS2 have been used as counter

Improvement of the thermoelectric properties of a MoO₃ monolayer through oxygen vacancies

• Wenwen Zheng,
• Wei Cao,
• Ziyu Wang,
• Huixiong Deng,
• Jing Shi and
• Rui Xiong

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2031–2038, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.199

• materials show a better thermoelectric performance than bulk materials [14]. Few-layer MoO3 nanosheets have already been experimentally synthesized by exfoliation similar to graphene [12][13][15][16]. Theoretical research has proved that few-layer MoO3 possesses a markedly high carrier mobility above 3000

• of the relaxation time τ, we apply the deformation potential (DP) theory [25] where τ is estimated by τ = μm*/e. The carrier mobility μ2D in 2D materials is given by Where m* is the effective mass and md is the density of states (DOS) mass determined by E1 is the DP constant and C2D is the elastic

• modulus. All parameters corresponding to the carrier mobility and the effective mass are taken from [17] and summarized in Table 1. As for phononic transport properties, we calculate the thermal conductivity of the lattice using the Boltzmann transport theory as implemented in the Quantum ESPRESSO (QE

Review of advanced sensor devices employing nanoarchitectonics concepts

• Katsuhiko Ariga,
• Tatsuyuki Makita,
• Masato Ito,
• Taizo Mori,
• Shun Watanabe and
• Jun Takeya

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2014–2030, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.198

• . Ultrathin film nanoarchitectures are crucial not only for the facile contact between analytes and the sensor device but also with respect to the carrier mobility for semiconductor-based sensor devices. The enhancement of sensor performance on ultrathin films has been recognized in several recent research

Remarkable electronic and optical anisotropy of layered 1T’-WTe₂ 2D materials

• Qiankun Zhang,
• Rongjie Zhang,
• Jiancui Chen,
• Wanfu Shen,
• Chunhua An,
• Xiaodong Hu,
• Mingli Dong,
• Jing Liu and
• Lianqing Zhu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1745–1753, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.170

• anisotropic acoustic phonon scatter and elliptic elastic constants (both are relevant to the anisotropic crystalline structure) [31]. One of the consequences of an anisotropic carrier mobility is the anisotropic resistance. Therefore, we also performed angle-resolved DC conductance measurements on the 1T

Electronic and magnetic properties of doped black phosphorene with concentration dependence

• Ke Wang,
• Hai Wang,
• Min Zhang,
• Yan Liu and
• Wei Zhao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 993–1001, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.100

• graphene has led to extensive research efforts on two-dimensional (2D) materials. Although graphene exhibits large carrier mobility and intriguing mechanical properties, its zero bandgap impedes its application in spintronic devices [1][2]. Subsequently, 2D transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have

• received enormous attention [3][4]. While the electronic properties of TMDs range from metallic (such as NbS2) [5] to semiconducting (such as WS2) [6], the low carrier mobility limits the application of these materials. Recently, black phosphorene has attracted research interest owing to its direct bandgap

• and high carrier mobility [7][8]. Unlike zero-band-gap graphene, the layer-dependent bandgap of black phosphorene ranges from 0.31 to 1.9 eV [9]. The hole-dominated mobility of phosphorene is up to 1000 cm2·V−1·s−1 theoretically [10], which is much higher than that of TMDs. These properties render

Nanocomposite–parylene C thin films with high dielectric constant and low losses for future organic electronic devices

• Marwa Mokni,
• Gianluigi Maggioni,
• Abdelkader Kahouli,
• Sara M. Carturan,
• Walter Raniero and
• Alain Sylvestre

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 428–441, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.42

• gate dielectric, which is a crucial requirement for the performance of the OFETs and for the device reliability. Charge-carrier mobility is improved in the presence of this polymer [17]. PPXC is also an appropriate hydroxyl-free gate dielectric and prevents trapping of electrons at the semiconductor

Effects of post-lithography cleaning on the yield and performance of CVD graphene-based devices

• Eduardo Nery Duarte de Araujo,
• Thiago Alonso Stephan Lacerda de Sousa,
• Luciano de Moura Guimarães and
• Flavio Plentz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 349–355, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.34

• applied in standard lithography processes and that, inevitably, modify the electrical proprieties of graphene. By Raman spectroscopy and electrical-transport investigations, we correlate the room-temperature carrier mobility of graphene devices with the size of well-ordered domains in graphene. In

• properties are deteriorated as compared with devices fabricated by conventional production methods. Keywords: CVD graphene; defects; mobility; well-ordered domain; Introduction The unique properties of graphene, such as high conductivity, high carrier mobility at room temperature, high sensitivity of the

• performed Raman spectroscopy and electrical transport measurements, at room temperature, to correlate the size of well-ordered domains in graphene with its carrier mobility. The Raman spectroscopy was performed using an InVia Renishaw Raman spectrometer with a 514.5 nm laser and the electrical transport

Uniform Sb₂S₃ optical coatings by chemical spray method

• Jako S. Eensalu,
• Atanas Katerski,
• Erki Kärber,
• Ilona Oja Acik,
• Arvo Mere and
• Malle Krunks

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 198–210, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.18

• conversion efficiency of all solar absorber materials because decreasing the amount of grain boundaries likely increases charge carrier mobility [26]. The crystallite sizes of as-deposited and thermally treated Sb2S3 layers are presented in Table 2. The effect of the deposition temperature is observed in Sb

Graphene-enhanced metal oxide gas sensors at room temperature: a review

• Dongjin Sun,
• Yifan Luo,
• Marc Debliquy and
• Chao Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2832–2844, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.264

• ], graphene has been widely used in various fields such as photocatalysts, lithium battery electrodes, supercapacitors, gas sensors and electronic devices [2][3][4] due to its high specific surface area (2630 m2/g) and high carrier mobility at room temperature [5]. The electrical properties of graphene are

Contactless photomagnetoelectric investigations of 2D semiconductors

• Marian Nowak,
• Marcin Jesionek,
• Barbara Solecka,
• Piotr Szperlich,
• Piotr Duka and
• Anna Starczewska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2741–2749, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.256

• carrier mobility on the concentration of electrons and holes induced by a back-gate voltage. Conclusion: The presented contactless PME method, used in Corbino geometry, is complementary to the mobility extraction methods based on field-effect measurements. It can be used for determining the mobility and

• diffusion length of carriers in different 2D materials. Keywords: carrier mobility; contactless investigations; graphene; photomagnetoelectric effect; 2D materials; Introduction The application of two-dimensional (2D) materials in electronic devices [1][2][3][4][5][6] requires the development of

• appropriate measurement methods for determining their typical semiconductor parameters, i.e., carrier mobility (μ) and lifetime (τ). Among these methods, contactless techniques [7][8] and mobility extraction methods based on field-effect measurements [9] are of great importance. Here we show a contactless

Optimization of Mo/Cr bilayer back contacts for thin-film solar cells

• Nima Khoshsirat,
• Fawad Ali,
• Vincent Tiing Tiong,
• Mojtaba Amjadipour,
• Hongxia Wang,
• Mahnaz Shafiei and
• Nunzio Motta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2700–2707, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.252

• more dense grains as compared with the films deposited at higher pressure and lower power. This results in less grain boundaries and consequently higher carrier mobility and conductivity. The SEM images also show more uniform surfaces over the film area for the samples deposited at 3 mTorr compared

High-temperature magnetism and microstructure of a semiconducting ferromagnetic (GaSb)_1−x(MnSb)_x alloy

• Leonid N. Oveshnikov,
• Elena I. Nekhaeva,
• Alexey V. Kochura,
• Alexander B. Davydov,
• Mikhail A. Shakhov,
• Sergey F. Marenkin,
• Oleg A. Novodvorskii,
• Alexander P. Kuzmenko,
• Alexander L. Vasiliev,
• Boris A. Aronzon and
• Erkki Lahderanta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2457–2465, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.230

• granular systems are the higher values of carrier mobility, about one order of magnitude higher than that in traditional DMS such as Ga1−xMnxAs. This is due to the aggregation of the majority of magnetic impurity atoms within nanoinclusions, which results in a higher crystalline quality of the

• which MFM image (f) was made. Sample parameters: deposition temperature Tdep; film thickness d; carrier concentration Np; carrier mobility μ; coercive force Hc; remanent magnetization Mrem; saturation magnetization Msat (Np, μ and Msat were obtained at T = 300 K, while the values of Hc and Mrem

Intrinsic ultrasmall nanoscale silicon turns n-/p-type with SiO₂/Si₃N₄-coating

• Dirk König,
• Daniel Hiller,
• Noël Wilck,
• Birger Berghoff,
• Merlin Müller,
• Sangeeta Thakur,
• Giovanni Di Santo,
• Luca Petaccia,
• Joachim Mayer,
• Sean Smith and
• Joachim Knoch

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2255–2264, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.210

• [13][14]. This concept eliminates doping altogether, leading to a lower inelastic carrier scattering rate and higher carrier mobility which allow for decreased heat loss and bias voltages in ULSI. Such properties enable Si-FET technology to work at even smaller structure sizes, potentially enabling

Lead-free hybrid perovskites for photovoltaics

• Oleksandr Stroyuk

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2209–2235, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.207

• -charged cations, such as Sn2+, Mn2+, or Ge2+, where the tin-based materials have gained the most attention and progress [10][16][18][29][30][38][44][54][59][60][61][62][63][64][65]. The Sn-based HPs (CsSnX3, MASnX3) show a high charge carrier mobility and diffusion length, comparable to the Pb-based

• luminescent Cs3Bi2X9 NCs [159]. A study of single-crystal and polycrystalline MABI showed that both materials have a long exciton lifetime and a high carrier mobility [161][163]. A transient absorption study of MABI crystals showed only a minor change of the exciton dynamics when the crystal size was reduced

A variable probe pitch micro-Hall effect method

• Maria-Louise Witthøft,
• Frederik W. Østerberg,
• Janusz Bogdanowicz,
• Rong Lin,
• Henrik H. Henrichsen,
• Ole Hansen and
• Dirch H. Petersen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2032–2039, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.192

• characterization of ultrathin films with minimal sample preparation. Here, we study in detail how the analysis of raw measurement data affects the accuracy of extracted key sample parameters, i.e., how the standard deviation on sheet resistance, carrier mobility and Hall sheet carrier density is affected by the

• ; in that case, the better method depends on the experimental conditions, i.e., the distance between the insulating boundary and the electrodes. Improvement to the accuracy of Hall Effect measurement results is crucial for nanoscale metrology, since surface scattering often leads to low carrier

• mobility. Keywords: four-point probes; Hall effect; metrology; mobility; variable Probe Pitch; Introduction Materials characterization becomes increasingly difficult as the dimensions of transistors continue to decrease. Although three dimensional electrical characterization is the ultimate goal of

A differential Hall effect measurement method with sub-nanometre resolution for active dopant concentration profiling in ultrathin doped Si_1−xGe_x and Si layers

• Richard Daubriac,
• Emmanuel Scheid,
• Hiba Rizk,
• Richard Monflier,
• Sylvain Joblot,
• Rémi Beneyton,
• Pablo Acosta Alba,
• Sébastien Kerdilès and
• Filadelfo Cristiano

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1926–1939, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.184

• SiGeOI and 11 nm thick SOI. In both cases, DHE is shown to be a uniquely sensitive characterisation technique for a detailed investigation of dopant activation in ultrashallow layers, providing sub-nanometre resolution for both dopant concentration and carrier mobility depth profiles. Keywords: carrier

• measured without any assumption about the magnitude of the carrier mobility. In addition, measurements are made by stripping the material in successive steps rather than bevelling the surface. The depth resolution of the final dopant concentration profile is therefore defined by the etch rate and indeed

• discontinuity throughout the two measurement runs. On the other hand, the sheet resistance RS constantly increases (while the Hall dose NH decreases) and exhibits a discontinuity between the two runs. Indeed, as the doping concentration is uniform throughout the doped layer, the associated carrier mobility is

The role of the Ge mole fraction in improving the performance of a nanoscale junctionless tunneling FET: concept and scaling capability

• Hichem Ferhati,
• Fayçal Djeffal and
• Toufik Bentrcia

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1856–1862, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.177

• temperatures in the current equations [25]. Moreover, models for carrier recombination (Shockley–Read–Hall (SRH), Auger and surface recombination) are also adopted [26]. In fact, the carrier mobility mainly depends on three quantities, transverse and parallel electric field, doping and temperature, which were

• combined using Matthiessen’s formula. Accordingly, the Lombardi model (CVT) is used to express the carrier mobility in the channel [27]. Moreover, the intrinsic parameters of the materials (Si, Si1−xGex and Ge) such as band gap, mobility and the density of states were considered to be dependent on the Ge

• mainly due to the enhanced carrier mobility caused by the increased Ge content. Moreover, introducing SiGe at the source side can be effective for reducing the tunneling barrier. Besides, the Ge concentration increase induces a lowering of the tunneling barrier, which enables enhancing the derived

Improving the catalytic activity for hydrogen evolution of monolayered SnSe_2(1−x)S_2x by mechanical strain

• Sha Dong and
• Zhiguo Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1820–1827, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.173

• conductivity. Tuning the band structure of the catalyst is important for improving the HER efficiency. It was reported that the band structure and carrier mobility of monolayer MX2 can be tuned by substitution of M with M' atoms or X with X' atoms to form monolayer MxM'(1−x)X2 or MX2xX'2(1−x) alloys [31][32

Multimodal noncontact atomic force microscopy and Kelvin probe force microscopy investigations of organolead tribromide perovskite single crystals

• Yann Almadori,
• David Moerman,
• Jaume Llacer Martinez,
• Philippe Leclère and
• Benjamin Grévin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1695–1704, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.161

• , including a direct band gap, high absorption coefficient, large and balanced carrier mobility, high diffusion length, long carrier lifetime and high photoluminescence quantum yield. Within a few years of their discovery, these materials were successfully used to develop photovoltaic cells [2] with power

Predicting the strain-mediated topological phase transition in 3D cubic ThTaN₃

• Chunmei Zhang and
• Aijun Du

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1399–1404, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.132

• to note that the conduction band (CB) of ThTaN3 is very dispersive around the Γ point, signifying a very low electron effective mass. The effective mass of the electron at the Γ point is calculated to be 0.395 me. Such a small electron mass will greatly improve charge carrier mobility, suggesting

The role of ligands in coinage-metal nanoparticles for electronics

• Ioannis Kanelidis and
• Tobias Kraus

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2625–2639, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.263

• with permission from [134], copyright 2014 Royal Society of Chemistry. Formation of gold nanoparticles in a bithiazole–benzothiazole-based polymer matrix and their role as a template for the self-assembly of the bulk polymer leading to enhancement of the charge-carrier mobility. Reprinted with

Substrate and Mg doping effects in GaAs nanowires

• Perumal Kannappan,
• Nabiha Ben Sedrine,
• Jennifer P. Teixeira,
• Maria R. Soares,
• Bruno P. Falcão,
• Maria R. Correia,
• Nestor Cifuentes,
• Emilson R. Viana,
• Marcus V. B. Moreira,
• Geraldo M. Ribeiro,
• Alfredo G. de Oliveira,
• Juan C. González and
• Joaquim P. Leitão

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2126–2138, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.212

• for application in solar cells owing to their high absorption, direct bandgap, high carrier mobility and well-developed synthesis techniques [5][6][7][8][9]. Among the group III–V semiconductors, GaAs is one of the most intensively studied materials and has a suitable bandgap energy value for solar

Two-dimensional carbon-based nanocomposites for photocatalytic energy generation and environmental remediation applications

• Suneel Kumar,
• Ashish Kumar,
• Ashish Bahuguna,
• Vipul Sharma and
• Venkata Krishnan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1571–1600, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.159

Parylene C as a versatile dielectric material for organic field-effect transistors

• Tomasz Marszalek,
• Maciej Gazicki-Lipman and
• Jacek Ulanski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1532–1545, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.155

• . Keywords: dielectric; encapsulation layer; flexible substrate; organic field effect transistor; Parylene C; Review Introduction An improvement of the performance of organic transistors by means of boosting charge-carrier mobility is one of the main quests in organic electronics, calling for novel design

• [17]. Measured variations of the charge-carrier mobility [18] were assigned either to mechanical changes in the semiconductor film or to charge trapping at the dielectric/semiconductor and semiconductor/electrode interfaces. It should be pointed out that the primary element affecting the transistor

• properties do not change after mechanical tests. The remaining transistor parameters such as charge carrier mobility, subthreshold and threshold voltage also remain practically unaffected by mechanical testing. The threshold voltage value, 0.44 V for the unbent device, became slightly reduced down to 0.42 V