Automated grindstone chemistry: a simple and facile way for PEG-assisted stoichiometry-controlled halogenation of phenols and anilines using N-halosuccinimides

• Dharmendra Das,
• Akhil A. Bhosle,
• Amrita Chatterjee and
• Mainak Banerjee

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2022, 18, 999–1008, doi:10.3762/bjoc.18.100

• ortho- and para-positions. The gram-scale reaction shows similar efficiency like smaller batches indicating easy scale-up of this protocol. The method is environmentally friendly and cost-effective having key attributes like simple instrumentation, no aqueous workup, short reaction time, and mild

Inductive heating and flow chemistry – a perfect synergy of emerging enabling technologies

• Conrad Kuhwald,
• Sibel Türkhan and
• Andreas Kirschning

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2022, 18, 688–706, doi:10.3762/bjoc.18.70

• hydrogenation. 2.3 Dry and steam methane reforming The commencement of the energy transformation is associated with the search for alternative and more environmentally friendly energy sources [27]. The dry reforming of methane is a particularly interesting process in this context (Scheme 2, reaction 1). A

• continuous process could be established by oxidation with molecular oxygen introduced into the reaction stream via a tube-in-tube membrane reactor, a process which should be very attractive for industrial applications, as oxygen or air act as cheap and environmentally friendly oxidants [82]. An interesting

Mechanochemical halogenation of unsymmetrically substituted azobenzenes

• Dajana Barišić,
• Mario Pajić,
• Ivan Halasz,
• Darko Babić and
• Manda Ćurić

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2022, 18, 680–687, doi:10.3762/bjoc.18.69

• application of solid-state methods [23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46], particularly ball milling [26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46], which has proven to be an environmentally friendly and powerful

• studied functional groups, and new methods for their preparation, especially by environmentally friendly protocols, are of great synthetic importance in organic chemistry [54]. The succinimide products L4-III and L5-III (Table 1, entries 11 and 12) were obtained within one and five hours in 39 and 38

DDQ in mechanochemical C–N coupling reactions

• Shyamal Kanti Bera,
• Rosalin Bhanja and
• Prasenjit Mal

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2022, 18, 639–646, doi:10.3762/bjoc.18.64

• practice by applying the strategies like domino, cascade, or tandem [11][12][13]. These environmentally friendly approaches set forth the journey of facilitating sustainable systems by using mechanochemical methods to access small organic compounds [3]. Due to the high reduction potential of the quinone

Synthesis of 3,4,5-trisubstituted isoxazoles in water via a [3 + 2]-cycloaddition of nitrile oxides and 1,3-diketones, β-ketoesters, or β-ketoamides

• Md Imran Hossain,
• Md Imdadul H. Khan,
• Seong Jong Kim and
• Hoang V. Le

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2022, 18, 446–458, doi:10.3762/bjoc.18.47

• hours, which provides an environmentally friendly access to 3,4,5-trisubstituted isoxazoles, an important class of structures found in numerous bioactive natural products and pharmaceuticals. Additionally, we optimized the reaction conditions to produce trifluoromethyl-substituted isoxazoles, a

• chlorides to form furoxans also known as 1,2,5-oxadiazole 2-oxides, a class of structures with important biological activities due to their unique electronic nature and coordination ability. Keywords: environmentally friendly; furoxans; 1,2,5-oxadiazole 2-oxides; trifluoromethyl-substituted isoxazoles

• only is environmentally friendly, but also finds significant applications in biological systems (e.g., click reactions, bio-conjugation, and bio-orthogonal chemistry). One of such applications is ligation chemistry, in which “click” chemistry through a [3 + 2] biorthogonal cycloaddition between nitrile

Menadione: a platform and a target to valuable compounds synthesis

• Acácio S. de Souza,
• Ruan Carlos B. Ribeiro,
• Dora C. S. Costa,
• Fernanda P. Pauli,
• David R. Pinho,
• Matheus G. de Moraes,
• Fernando de C. da Silva,
• Luana da S. M. Forezi and
• Vitor F. Ferreira

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2022, 18, 381–419, doi:10.3762/bjoc.18.43

• Ti-based [65][67], Nb-based [68][69], and Au-based [70] heterogeneous systems. In addition to being more efficient, given the obtained atom economy, the reactions that use these catalytic heterogeneous systems are also presented as environmentally friendly. They are cleaner, either because of the low

• generation of waste or the use of environmentally friendly conditions, and they also allow recycling catalysts without losing efficiency [67][68][70]. Kholdeeva and co-workers reported the use of 30% aqueous H2O2 as oxidant and hydrothermally stable mesoporous mesophase titanium silicates (Ti-MMM-2) as

• generation of metallic residues that can be toxic to the environment or act as contaminants of the desired products, such as pharmaceuticals. This problem has led to the search for clean and environmentally friendly methods that reduce or do not generate metallic residues. In 2001, Tohma and co-workers

Synthesis of 5-unsubstituted dihydropyrimidinone-4-carboxylates from deep eutectic mixtures

• Sangram Gore,
• Sundarababu Baskaran and
• Burkhard König

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2022, 18, 331–336, doi:10.3762/bjoc.18.37

• ] based on carbohydrates, urea, and inorganic salts as an alternative to conventional solvents for carrying out a variety of organic transformations [32]. The stable melts are environmentally friendly as they are readily available from bulk renewable resources. Their simple production allows the

Recent developments and trends in the iron- and cobalt-catalyzed Sonogashira reactions

• Surendran Amrutha,
• Sankaran Radhika and
• Gopinathan Anilkumar

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2022, 18, 262–285, doi:10.3762/bjoc.18.31

• original Sonogashira coupling. Both, iron and cobalt catalysts are considered environmentally friendly as they are non-toxic and inexpensive, and thus have significance in modern organic synthesis. The use of an aqueous medium in Fe-catalyzed reactions represents the most reasonable and green option for

• cross-coupling reactions Homogeneous green protocols Tsai et al. discussed an efficient, simple and environmentally friendly method for the coupling of arylynols 3 with an aryl halide [21]. This strategy discloses a one pot reaction catalyzed by FeCl3 in an aqueous medium associated with the cationic

• graphene and the promotional effect of Co-dopants which lay out more Pd active site for the reactants. Mahyari et al. reported a facile, efficient, and environmentally friendly protocol for the coupling of aryl halides and phenylacetylene using a diverse strategy. Third generation polypropyleneimine

Green synthesis of C5–C6-unsubstituted 1,4-DHP scaffolds using an efficient Ni–chitosan nanocatalyst under ultrasonic conditions

• Soumyadip Basu,
• Sauvik Chatterjee,
• Suman Ray,
• Suvendu Maity,
• Prasanta Ghosh,
• Asim Bhaumik and
• Chhanda Mukhopadhyay

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2022, 18, 133–142, doi:10.3762/bjoc.18.14

• new C5–C6-unsubstituted 1,4-DHPs under ultrasonic irradiation. The important focus of the methodology was to develop an environmentally friendly protocol with a short reaction time and a simple reaction procedure. The other advantages of this protocol are a wide substrate scope, a very good product

• . In contrast, our work unites various aspects of green chemistry, such as a minimal reaction time, a high conversion rate, a green solvent, environmentally friendly reaction conditions, and an effortless separation and recyclability of the catalyst. Altogether, the detailed summary in Table 3

• highlights the advantages of employing the Ni–chitosan NPs for the synthesis of C5–C6-unsubstituted 1,4-DHPs under ultrasonication compared to the previous methodologies. Conclusion In this protocol, our aim was to develop an environmentally friendly green methodology for the synthesis of biologically

Efficient N-arylation of 4-chloroquinazolines en route to novel 4-anilinoquinazolines as potential anticancer agents

• Rodolfo H. V. Nishimura,
• Thiago dos Santos,
• Valter E. Murie,
• Luciana C. Furtado,
• Leticia V. Costa-Lotufo and
• Giuliano C. Clososki

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 2968–2975, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.206

• being a more environmentally friendly methodology. To evaluate the antiproliferative properties of the 4-anilinoquinazolines we obtained in this study, we screened the synthesized compounds against a set of tumor cell lines including HCT-116 (human colorectal carcinoma), MCF-7 (human breast

A two-phase bromination process using tetraalkylammonium hydroxide for the practical synthesis of α-bromolactones from lactones

• Yuki Yamamoto,
• Akihiro Tabuchi,
• Kazumi Hosono,
• Takanori Ochi,
• Kento Yamazaki,
• Shintaro Kodama,
• Akihiro Nomoto and
• Akiya Ogawa

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 2906–2914, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.198

• at the 10 mmol scale using simple operations. α-Bromo-δ-valerolactone, which is extremely reactive and difficult to isolate, could be isolated and stored in a freezer for about one week using the developed method. Optimizing the solvent for environmentally friendly large-scale syntheses revealed that

• (Table 5, entries 1–5). Although the use of other ketones as solvents also afforded 3a in moderate yields, MEK proved to be the most suitable replacement for CHCl3 (Table 5, entries 5–8). This environmentally friendly procedure was used to synthesize other lactones. For instance, this method was used to

Synthetic strategies toward 1,3-oxathiolane nucleoside analogues

• Umesh P. Aher,
• Dhananjai Srivastava,
• Girij P. Singh and
• Jayashree B. S

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 2680–2715, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.182

• a single enantiomer via an in situ stereoinversion, and it was implemented in some of the examples described herein. Therefore, for the construction of the 1,3-oxathiolane sugar ring, an extensive number of efficient and environmentally friendly chemical and enzymatic approaches has been established

Transition-metal-free intramolecular Friedel–Crafts reaction by alkene activation: A method for the synthesis of some novel xanthene derivatives

• Tülay Yıldız,
• İrem Baştaş and
• Hatice Başpınar Küçük

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 2203–2208, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.142

• ]. Therefore, there has been an increase in arylation methods using Friedel–Crafts alkylation (FCA) protocols without transition metals [35][36]. Environmentally friendly methods, in which metal-free catalysts are used, have come to the fore and are gaining importance because there are many disadvantages of

Cerium-photocatalyzed aerobic oxidation of benzylic alcohols to aldehydes and ketones

• Girish Suresh Yedase,
• Sumit Kumar,
• Jessica Stahl,
• Burkhard König and
• Veera Reddy Yatham

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 1727–1732, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.121

• photocatalysis has emerged as an alternative to the classical conventional synthetic methods to construct carbon–carbon and carbon–heteroatom bonds [34][35][36][37]. As a mild, efficient, and environmentally friendly approach it has the potential to unlock unique reactions that are previously inaccessible under

A recent overview on the synthesis of 1,4,5-trisubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles

• Pezhman Shiri,
• Ali Mohammad Amani and
• Thomas Mayer-Gall

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 1600–1628, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.114

• enaminones 18 with tosyl azide. A wide range of desired 5-thiolated 1,2,3-triazoles 19 has been prepared in good to high yield in H2O as solvent using TMEDA as a weak base, thus providing an environmentally friendly procedure that was demonstrated to be practicable also on a gram scale. A wide range of β

A comprehensive review of flow chemistry techniques tailored to the flavours and fragrances industries

• Guido Gambacorta,
• James S. Sharley and
• Ian R. Baxendale

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 1181–1312, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.90

• striving to deliver cheaper and more environmentally friendly processes. All commercially available products comprised of fragrance ingredients on the market can be traced back to the innovation of fragrance companies as their manufactured products (both of natural and synthetic origin) are sold on to

Heterogeneous photocatalytic cyanomethylarylation of alkenes with acetonitrile: synthesis of diverse nitrogenous heterocyclic compounds

• Guanglong Pan,
• Qian Yang,
• Wentao Wang,
• Yurong Tang and
• Yunfei Cai

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 1171–1180, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.89

• reaction mixture and reused several times, illustrating the practicability of this heterogeneous photocatalysis protocol. Further applying this sustainable and environmentally friendly CN-K heterogeneous photocatalyst to realize other synthetic useful transformations is undergoing. Evaluation of catalyst

Metal-free glycosylation with glycosyl fluorides in liquid SO₂

• Krista Gulbe,
• Jevgeņija Lugiņina,
• Edijs Jansons,
• Artis Kinens and
• Māris Turks

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 964–976, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.78

• and promoter have been developed. Due to the absence of any external additive, the presented method is considered to be an atom efficient and environmentally friendly synthetic approach. The glycosylation conditions in liquid SO2 have been optimized for both disarmed and armed mannose- and glucose

[2 + 1] Cycloaddition reactions of fullerene C₆₀ based on diazo compounds

• Yuliya N. Biglova

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 630–670, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.55

• solar cells [49][50]. In view of the globalization of energy problems, the issues of switching to alternative energy sources are becoming increasingly relevant. Solar energy, like the majority of renewable energy sources, is environmentally friendly and has almost no negative impact on the environment

• is environmentally friendly (Scheme 14). Researchers obtained various nitrofullerene derivatives, viz, nitrophenylfullerenes 48 and 50, reduction of which gave the corresponding aminophenylfullerenes 49 and 51 (Scheme 15) [98][99]. C60 adducts were doped with tetrakis(dimethylamino)ethylene (TDAE

Valorisation of plastic waste via metal-catalysed depolymerisation

• Francesca Liguori,
• Carmen Moreno-Marrodán and
• Pierluigi Barbaro

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 589–621, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.53

• selective depolymerisation methods of plastics. Achievements are broken down according to the plastic material, namely polyolefins, polyesters, polycarbonates and polyamides. The focus is on recent advancements targeting sustainable and environmentally friendly processes. Biocatalytic or unselective

• alkali bases and chlorinated solvents [176][177], which makes them neither economically competitive nor environmentally friendly [178][179]. A survey of patents related to the chemical recycling of PET up to 2005 can be found in the literature [180]. Hydrogenolysis. In the recent years, hydrogenolysis

Mesoionic tetrazolium-5-aminides: Synthesis, molecular and crystal structures, UV–vis spectra, and DFT calculations

• Vladislav A. Budevich,
• Sergei V. Voitekhovich,
• Alexander V. Zuraev,
• Vadim E. Matulis,
• Vitaly E. Matulis,
• Alexander S. Lyakhov,
• Ludmila S. Ivashkevich and
• Oleg A. Ivashkevich

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 385–395, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.34

• attractive as environmentally friendly pyrotechnics [4], insensitive high-energy materials [5][6][7], and promising energetic ionic liquids [8][9][10]. The most interesting and less examined 5-aminotetrazole derivatives are tetrazolium-5-aminides, which can be depicted as 4 by analogy with other mesoionic

Ultrasound-assisted Strecker synthesis of novel 2-(hetero)aryl-2-(arylamino)acetonitrile derivatives

• Emese Gal,
• Luiza Gaina,
• Hermina Petkes,
• Alexandra Pop,
• Castelia Cristea,
• Gabriel Barta,
• Dan Cristian Vodnar and
• Luminiţa Silaghi-Dumitrescu

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 2929–2936, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.242

• contributor to green chemistry mainly due to the ability of minimizing the energy consumption required by chemical transformations and allowing the development of environmentally friendly chemical procedures which may be eventually scaled up for industrial applications [1]. For the synthesis of organic

• -(amino)cyanocyclopropane derivatives not contaminated by intermediates or ring-opening byproducts [21], whereas the asymmetric Strecker synthesis induced by chiral amines was successfully conducted by sonication in the presence of silica gel [22]. Pursuing our interest in developing environmentally

• friendly procedures for the synthesis of new phenothiazine and ferrocene derivatives [23][24][25][26][27] and perceiving the importance of α-aminoacetonitrile derivatives as pharmaceutical and agrochemical intermediates with a great number of α-aminonitrile derivatives which were proved to have remarkable

One-pot multicomponent green Hantzsch synthesis of 1,2-dihydropyridine derivatives with antiproliferative activity

• Giovanna Bosica,
• Kaylie Demanuele,
• José M. Padrón and
• Adrián Puerta

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 2862–2869, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.235

• reaction; Introduction A multicomponent approach towards the synthesis of the desired product offers a number of advantages over a stepwise method. Such advantages include the development of a design that is: cheaper, simpler, economical, and environmentally friendly [1][2]. Multicomponent reactions are

• libraries and then shifted to obtaining products that are in high demand on an industrial scale at a cheaper and more benign way [4]. Recently, negative human impacts have been greatly witnessed as a result of population growth, so environmentally friendly design has become one of the most important

• addition, further developments were made to the methodology in order to enhance the reaction yield and also to reduce the reaction time. Other recent developments involve reducing the energy and waste that is produced in the reaction for a more environmentally friendly synthesis [13][14][15][16]. The

Dirhamnolipid ester – formation of reverse wormlike micelles in a binary (primerless) system

• David Liese,
• Hans Henning Wenk,
• Xin Lu,
• Jochen Kleinen and
• Gebhard Haberhauer

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 2820–2830, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.232

• environmentally friendly biosurfactants because they are 100% biodegradable and are more compatible with water organisms than traditional surfactants. In solution, surfactants self-assemble into micelles with different shapes (spherical, cylindrical, double layer, etc.). In aqueous solution, the surfactant

Conformational preferences of fluorine-containing agrochemicals and their implications for lipophilicity prediction

• Daniela Rodrigues Silva,
• Joyce K. Daré and
• Matheus P. Freitas

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 2469–2476, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.200

• other variables, recent events have shown signs of recovery [1]. Currently, the agrochemical industry focuses on introducing new efficient and more environmentally friendly products, that attend the new regulation requirements, for replacing those agrochemicals that were banned due to either their