Table of Contents |
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191 | Full Research Paper |
29 | Letter |
38 | Review |
2 | Commentary |
Graphical Abstract
Scheme 1: Preparation of (2'-deoxy)-5-alkynyluridines 2 and 3, their dicobalt hexacarbonyl derivatives 4 and 5...
Figure 1: Structures of nucleosides 6 and 7, products of the Nicholas reaction.
Graphical Abstract
Figure 1: Modification of lipid A by ArnT.
Scheme 1: Phosphonate and glycal synthesis.
Scheme 2: Synthesis of methyl phosphonate 11 and octyl phosphonates 16 and 17.
Graphical Abstract
Figure 1: Substrates used for the Mizoroki–Heck reaction in this study.
Figure 2: Structures of the identified side products 4 and 5.
Scheme 1: Scope of the method for analogs derived from 1 and 2. The ratio of isomers is given (E/Z or β/α) in...
Scheme 2: Dealkylation of fluorinated analog 23 under the Mizoroki–Heck reaction conditions.
Graphical Abstract
Figure 1: 1,3,5-Tris(arylazo)benzenes as individually switchable multistate photoswitches: previous [11,12] and pres...
Scheme 1: Synthetic strategy towards 1,3,5-tris(arylazo)benzenes 3 based on consecutive Baeyer–Mills reaction...
Scheme 2: Preparation of tris(arylazo)benzenes 3 by Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions of N-Boc-arylhydraz...
Scheme 3: Synthesis of azobenzene building block 8.
Scheme 4: Synthesis of 1,3-bis(4-methoxyphenylazo)-5-phenylazobenzene (14).
Scheme 5: Synthesis of unsymmetrical tris(arylazo)benzenes 3a/3b using Pd-catalyzed coupling reactions and Cu...
Scheme 6: Coupling reactions of 15 with the corresponding arylhydrazides to access monocoupled (16a/16b) and ...
Figure 2: a) UV–vis spectra of tris(arylazo)benzenes 3a/3b in ethanol. b) Reversible photoisomerization of 3a...
Graphical Abstract
Scheme 1: Chemical shift data for N-thiobenzoylpiperidine and compound 4a.
Scheme 2: PPSE promoted ring closure reactions of amido- and thioamido alcohols.
Graphical Abstract
Figure 1: DAE photoswitch and photoswitchable peptides explored in this study. (A) The reversible photoisomer...
Figure 2: Two versions of the D. rerio embryotoxicity assay for DAE-modified peptides: timelines, peptide pho...
Figure 3: The in vivo toxicity against D. rerio embryos appears to be correlated with the empirical hydrophob...
Figure 4: D. rerio embryotoxicity of GS 1 and the photoswitchable analogues 2–20 correlated with their in vit...
Figure 5: Phototherapeutic cytotoxic action against HeLa cells of GS 1 and its photoswitchable analogues 2–20...
Graphical Abstract
Scheme 1: Mechanism for formation of cyclooctat-9-en-7-ol, published similarly in [42].
Figure 1: Computed electronic energy profiles (kcal/mol) for the CotB2 cyclase mechanism. The calculations us...
Figure 2: Intermediates A–I in the active site model. Interactions are marked by dashed orange lines, the int...
Figure 3: TS structures TS_A_B–TS_G/H_I in the active site model. Interactions are marked by dashed orange li...
Figure 4: Comparison between gas phase and active site model conformations. A) Intermediate D. B) Intermediat...
Graphical Abstract
Scheme 1: Pyrrole–imidazole–azobenzene polyamides and the dsDNA target sequences employed in this study.
Scheme 2: Building blocks required for the synthesis of the photoswitchable Im/Py polyamides. A) Fmoc–Azo–OH 1...
Figure 1: Section of the 1H NMR (600 MHz) spectrum of polyamide P1. A) Initial thermal equilibrium. B) After ...
Figure 2: E/Z isomer ratio of the polyamides P1–P3. Values were obtained from the respective 1H NMR experimen...
Figure 3: Titration experiments of target DNA sequences with P1–P3 in the photostationary Z-state and the the...
Figure 4: Titration of DNA containing single mutations (in bold) with P1–P3 in the photostationary Z-state an...
Graphical Abstract
Figure 1: Chemical structures of baicalein (left), cucurbit[8]uril (right).
Figure 2: The possible interaction model for Q[8] and baicalein.
Figure 3: 1H NMR spectra (400 MHz) of Q[8] (a), baicalein (b) and BALE–Q[8] (1:1) (c) recorded in DCl.
Figure 4: The absorption spectra of BALE upon the addition of Q[8] under different conditions [10 mol·L−1 HCl...
Figure 5: IR spectra of Q[8] (a), BALE (b), a physical mixture of Q[8]-BALE (NQ[8]/NBALE = 1:1) (c) and the B...
Figure 6: DTA spectra of BALE (a), Q[8] (b), a physical mixture Q[8]-BALE (NQ[8]/NBALE = 1:1) (c) and the BAL...
Figure 7: The stability curve of UV–vis absorption obtained for an isoconcentration of BALE and the BALE–Q[8]...
Figure 8: The phase solubility graph obtained for BALE in Q[8] at λ = 270 nm.
Figure 9: The clearance rate curve (A) and clearance time curve (B) of ABTS+· upon increasing the concentrati...
Figure 10: The release curves of BALE and BALE–Q[8].
Graphical Abstract
Figure 1: 1,2,3-Triazole based XB donors: 1,2,3-triazole A, 1,2,3-triazolium B, 1,2,3-triazolylidene C and di...
Scheme 1: Synthesis of 4,5-diiodo-1,3-dimesityl-1,2,3-triazolium with iodide, Mes: 2,4,6-Me3C6H2.
Scheme 2: Synthesis of 4,5-diiodo-1,3-dimesityl-1,2,3-triazolium with different anion.
Figure 2: Packing structure of 2-I (top), 2-Br (middle) and 2-Cl (bottom). Hydrogen atoms have been omitted f...
Figure 3: Packing structure of 2-BF4. Hydrogen atoms have been omitted for clarity.
Figure 4: Packing structure of 2-OAc. Hydrogen atoms and solvent molecules have been omitted for clarity.
Figure 5: Packing structure of 2-TFA. Hydrogen atoms and disorder of fluorine atoms have been omitted for cla...
Figure 6: Packing structure of 2-I.1.5I2. Hydrogen atoms have been omitted for clarity.
Figure 7: Packing structure of 2-I.3.5I2. Hydrogen atoms have been omitted for clarity.
Figure 8: Packing structure of 2-BF4.0.5bpy. Hydrogen atoms and dichloromethane have been omitted for clarity....
Figure 9: 1,2,3-Triazole-based halogen model calculation: electrostatic potential surfaces mapped on total de...
Graphical Abstract
Scheme 1: Arbusov, phospha-Fries, and phospha-Brook rearrangements.
Scheme 2: Cyclization of 1a and 1b under acidic conditions.
Scheme 3: The synthesis of P-stereogenic β-hydroxyalkylphosphine sulfides.
Scheme 4: Cyclization of 8 and 19 in the presence of H3PO4.
Scheme 5: Cyclization of (SP)-19 in the presence of H3PO4.
Figure 1: 1H NMR spectra of compounds 12 and 29.
Figure 2: 13C NMR spectra of compounds 12 and 29.
Scheme 6: Synthesis of the alkenylphosphine sulfides used in study.
Scheme 7: The reaction of mesylate compounds with Lewis-acidic AlCl3.
Scheme 8: The reaction of alkenylphosphine sulfides with AlCl3.
Scheme 9: Rearrangement of 20 in the presence of Brønsted acid. The calculated energies next to the arrows ar...
Scheme 10: Rearrangement of 20 in the presence of Lewis acid. The calculated energies next to the arrows are r...
Scheme 11: The synthesis of chiral substrates for rearrangement reactions.
Scheme 12: The reaction of (SP)-60 and (SP)-65 with AlCl3.
Scheme 13: Reaction of chiral β-hydroxyalkylphosphine sulfides with Brønsted acid.
Scheme 14: Attempted cyclization of enantiomerically enriched 53 and 46.
Graphical Abstract
Figure 1: Structure of the pentasaccharide repeating unit corresponding to the cell wall O-antigen of Escheri...
Scheme 1: (a) NIS, HClO4/SiO2, MS 4 Å, CH2Cl2, −45 °C, 1 h, 79%; (b) 0.1 M CH3ONa, CH3OH, room temperature, 2...
Scheme 2: (a) HClO4/SiO2, CH2Cl2, −10 °C, 1 h, 76%.
Scheme 3: (a) NIS, HClO4/SiO2, MS 4 Å, CH2Cl2, −40 °C, 1 h, 22%.
Scheme 4: (a) NIS, HClO4/SiO2, MS 4 Å, CH2Cl2, −45 °C, 1 h, 74%; (b) BnBr, NaOH, TBAB, THF, room temperature,...
Graphical Abstract
Scheme 1: Synthesis of styrylquinolizinium derivatives 3a–d.
Figure 1: Absorption spectra and normalized emission spectrum (Abs. = 0.10, 3b: λex = 394 nm) of derivatives ...
Figure 2: Spectrophotometric titration upon the addition of ct DNA to the styrylquinolizinium derivatives 3a ...
Figure 3: Spectrofluorimetric titration upon the addition of ct DNA to the styrylquinolizinium derivatives 3a...
Figure 4: CD and LD spectra of the styryl derivatives 3a (A), 3b (B), 3c (C), and 3d (D) with ct DNA in BPE b...
Figure 5: Spectrophotometric monitoring of the irradiation of styrylquinolizinium derivatives 3a (A), 3b (B), ...
Figure 6: Absorption of the monomers (c = 20 µM, red) 3b (A) and 3c (B) and their dimers (black) 4b and 4c in...
Figure 7: Photometric monitoring of the photoreaction of 3b (c = 20 µM) to the dimer 4b by irradiation at ca....
Figure 8: ORTEP drawings of cyclobutane derivatives 4b (A) and 4c (B) in the solid state (thermal ellipsoids ...
Scheme 2: Possible pathways for the selective photodimerization of styrylquinolizinium derivatives 3b and 3c.
Figure 9: A) Spectrophotometric titration of ct DNA to dimer 4b in BPE buffer (cL = 20 µM, cct DNA = 1.45 mM, ...
Figure 10: A) Photometric and B) CD spectroscopic monitoring of the photoinduced switching (4b: λex = 315 nm, ...
Scheme 3: Photoinduced switching of the DNA binding properties of styrylquinolizinium compound 3b.
Graphical Abstract
Figure 1: a) The potent tubulin inhibitor colchicine as a lead scaffold led to the development of the HOTub g...
Figure 2: Chemical structures of HITubs. Key variations with respect to HITub-4 are highlighted in dashed box...
Figure 3: Photocharacterisation of HITub-4. a) Photochemical and thermal isomerisation. b) UV–vis spectra aft...
Figure 4: a) Resazurin reduction assay for HITub-4 and nocodazole in HeLa cells (n = 3), demonstrating the di...
Figure 5: Confocal microscopy images of immunofluorescently labelled MT networks after treatment with HITubs ...
Figure 6: Cell cycle analysis of HITub-4-treated cells. a) and b) (Z)-HITub-4 caused significant G2/M arrest ...
Graphical Abstract
Figure 1: Aza-goniothalamin 1, (R)-(+)-goniothalamin 2 and acylated aza-goniothalamin analogue 3 [14-18].
Scheme 1: One pot synthesis of benzyl carbamate 4 reported by Veenstra and co-workers [19].
Scheme 2: Formation of diene 5 in 66% through a one pot, three component coupling.
Scheme 3: Optimized conditions for the synthesis of diene 5.
Scheme 4: Ring-closing metathesis reaction of diene 5 to yield dihydropyridone 7 [20-23].
Figure 2: Extension of the two-pot methodology to include a variety of different aldehyde starting materials.
Scheme 5: Total synthesis of aza-goniothalamin 1.
Graphical Abstract
Figure 1: Biologically and medicinally important 3-alkenylindoles.
Scheme 1: a) Previous and b) present work related to the synthesis of 3-alkenylindoles.
Scheme 2: Substrate scope for the C–H alkenylation of the indoles 1. Reaction conditions: 1 (1 mmol), 2 (2 mm...
Scheme 3: a) Three-phase test to determine a homogeneous or heterogeneous catalytic mechanism of action for t...
Scheme 4: Probable catalytic mechanism for the transformation of 1a by the RuNC.
Graphical Abstract
Scheme 1: Synthesis of oxadiazole derivatives 2 and 4.
Scheme 2: Tautomeric equilibrium of compound 3.
Figure 1: DSC thermograms of fluorinated compounds 2b, 4a and 4b recorded at 5 °C/mn at heating (down traces)...
Figure 2: Optical texture (×10) of liquid crystal phase for fluorinated compounds, (a): SmA phase observed in...
Figure 3: Typical diffractogram observed for compound 2b at 398 K.
Figure 4: Typical diffractogram observed for compound 4a at 411 K.
Figure 5: Conformer of lowest energy of compounds: 4c, conformation A, (a) front view, (a’) top view, (a”) si...
Figure 6: Vector of dipole moment of compounds 4c, 4b and 2b.
Figure 7: Plot of molecular dipole moments. Orange, fluorocarbon compounds; blue, hydrocarbon compounds; gree...
Graphical Abstract
Scheme 1: Synthesis of carbamothioates from xanthate esters and benzyl isocyanides.
Figure 1: Substrate scope for the synthesis of carbamothioates. Reaction conditions for methods A and B: sodi...
Figure 2: ORTEP diagram of O-benzyl (4-fluorobenzyl)carbamothioate (4c).
Figure 3: Rotamers of thionocarbamates 4 (top) and computer-minimized structures of 4c (bottom).
Scheme 2: Proposed general reaction mechanism for the formation of carbamothioates (e.g., 4a) from xanthate e...
Figure 4: Optimized geometries of the reactants, transition states, intermediates, and products of the propos...
Figure 5: Relative energies of the reactants, transition states (TS1–TS3), and intermediates (Int1–Int3) of t...
Graphical Abstract
Scheme 1: Scope of the propargylation reaction. Reactions were performed with the appropriate aldehyde (1 mmo...
Scheme 2: Synthesis of potassium allenyltrifluoroborate (4).
Scheme 3: Propargylation of aldehydes using potassium allenyltrifluoroborate (4).
Graphical Abstract
Scheme 1: Amines 3, 4, 8, 9, 12 and 13 installed on 5-membered isoxazoline and isoxazole rings.
Scheme 2: Synthesis of acylisoxazolinylthioureas 17a–c and acylisoxazolylthioureas 18a–c. (i) SOCl2, reflux, ...
Scheme 3: Synthesis of amides. Part A: (i) SOCl2, reflux; (ii) KOCN, acetone, reflux; (iii) amines 3, 4, 8 an...
Figure 1: Optical textures observed on POM for thioureas 17a (a), 17b (b), 18a (c), 18b (d) and 18c (e,f). Al...
Figure 2: Optical textures observed on POM of amide 19. (a) Fan-shaped focal conic texture of the SmA mesopha...
Figure 3: DSC curves for the thiourea 17a (A), amide 19 (B) and 20 (C) upon the first heating and cooling cur...
Figure 4: TGA analysis for thiourea 18c; and amides 20 and 22.
Graphical Abstract
Scheme 1: Our strategy.
Scheme 2: Allylic cross-coupling using aldehydes as α-alkoxyalkyl anions.
Scheme 3: Substrate scope and reaction conditions. a) reactions were carried out with 1 (0.4 mmol), 2 (0.2 mm...
Scheme 4: Stoichiometric reaction.
Scheme 5: Possible pathway.
Graphical Abstract
Scheme 1: Synthesis of 4-(2-fluorophenyl)-7-methoxycoumarin (6).
Figure 1: 1H NMR spectra for the “aromatic” region of coumarin 6; comparison of 1H spectrum and 1H-{19F} spec...
Figure 2: 13C NMR spectra for coumarin 5 and 6; showing the splitting of the signal corresponding to C5.
Figure 3: 19F,1H-HOESY NMR spectrum for coumarin 6 illustrating two through-space interactions.
Figure 4: Superposition of single-crystal X-ray structure (red) and DFT-optimized structure (green); RMSD 0.3...
Figure 5: DFT-optimized structure for coumarin (6).
Figure 6: Plots of relative energy (black trace, no units), interatomic distance F–H5 (red trace, Å), interat...
Figure 7: Short contacts within the single-crystal X-ray structure of coumarin 6.
Graphical Abstract
Figure 1: Chemical structure of representative approved drugs containing a spirocyclic moiety.
Scheme 1: Synthetic strategies for accessing pyrrolocyclopentenone derivatives, including the novel couple/pa...
Scheme 2: Couple/pair approach using combined KA2 and Pauson–Khand multicomponent reactions.
Scheme 3: Follow-up chemistry on compound 5 taking advantage of the enone chemistry. Reaction conditions. (i)...
Figure 2: Top: Selected NOE contacts from NOESY 1D spectra of compound 36; bottom: low energy conformer of 36...
Figure 3: PCA plot resulting from the correlation between PC1 vs PC2, showing the positioning in the chemical...
Figure 4: PMI plot showing the skeletal diversity of compounds 3–39 (blue diamonds) with respect to the refer...
Graphical Abstract
Scheme 1: Competitive side reactions in the Cu ECA of organometallic reagents to α,β-unsaturated aldehydes.
Scheme 2: Cu-catalyzed ECA of α,β-unsaturated aldehydes with phosphoramidite- (a) and phosphine-based ligands...
Scheme 3: One-pot Cu-catalyzed ECA/organocatalyzed α-substitution of enals.
Scheme 4: Combination of copper and amino catalysis for enantioselective β-functionalizations of enals.
Scheme 5: Optimized conditions for the Cu ECAs of R2Zn, RMgBr, and AlMe3 with α,β-unsaturated aldehydes.
Scheme 6: CuECA of Grignard reagents to α,β-unsaturated thioesters and their application in the asymmetric to...
Scheme 7: Improved Cu ECA of Grignard reagents to α,β-unsaturated thioesters, and their application in the as...
Scheme 8: Catalytic enantioselective synthesis of vicinal dialkyl arrays via Cu ECA of Grignard reagents to γ...
Scheme 9: 1,6-Cu ECA of MeMgBr to α,β,γ,δ-bisunsaturated thioesters: an iterative approach to deoxypropionate...
Scheme 10: Tandem Cu ECA/intramolecular enolate trapping involving 4-chloro-α,β-unsaturated thioester 22.
Scheme 11: Cu ECA of Grignard reagents to 3-boronyl α,β-unsaturated thioesters.
Scheme 12: Cu ECA of alkylzirconium reagents to α,β-unsaturated thioesters.
Scheme 13: Conversion of acylimidazoles into aldehydes, ketones, acids, esters, amides, and amines.
Scheme 14: Cu ECA of dimethyl malonate to α,β-unsaturated acylimidazole 31 with triazacyclophane-based ligand ...
Scheme 15: Cu/L13-catalyzed ECA of alkylboranes to α,β-unsaturated acylimidazoles.
Scheme 16: Cu/hydroxyalkyl-NHC-catalyzed ECA of dimethylzinc to α,β-unsaturated acylimidazoles.
Scheme 17: Stereocontrolled synthesis of 3,5,7-all-syn and anti,anti-stereotriads via iterative Cu ECAs.
Scheme 18: Stereocontrolled synthesis of anti,syn- and anti,anti-3,5,7-(Me,OR,Me) units via iterative Cu ECA/B...
Scheme 19: Cu-catalyzed ECA of dialkylzinc reagents to α,β-unsaturated N-acyloxazolidinones.
Scheme 20: Cu/phosphoramidite L16-catalyzed ECA of dialkylzincs to α,β-unsaturated N-acyl-2-pyrrolidinones.
Scheme 21: Cu/(R,S)-Josiphos (L9)-catalyzed ECA of Grignard reagents to α,β-unsaturated amides.
Scheme 22: Cu/Josiphos (L9)-catalyzed ECA of Grignard reagents to polyunsaturated amides.
Scheme 23: Cu-catalyzed ECA of trimethylaluminium to N-acylpyrrole derivatives.
Graphical Abstract
Scheme 1: The commonly recognized HPPD catalytic reaction mechanism.
Figure 1: Chemical structures of the commercial HPPD inhibitors.
Figure 2: The design strategy of aryloxyacetic acid derivatives as HPPD inhibitors and simulate the binding m...
Scheme 2: Synthetic route of the title compounds I. Reagents and conditions: (a) methyl chloroacetate, K2CO3,...
Scheme 3: Synthetic route of the title compound III. Reagents and conditions: (a) methyl chloroacetate, K2CO3...
Scheme 4: Synthetic route of the title compounds II. Reagents and conditions: (a) NaOH, TBAB, H2O, 100 °C; (b...
Figure 3: Crystal structures of I18 and III4.
Figure 4: Simulated binding mode of mesotrione (A), compound I12 (B) and compound II4 (C) with AtHPPD. The ke...
Figure 5: Sum of inhibition rate of title compounds at 150 g ai/ha. (Abbreviations: AJ, Abutilon juncea; AR, ...
Figure 6: Simulated folding mode of mesotrione (yellow sticks) and compound II4 (gray sticks) with AtHPPD. Th...
Graphical Abstract
Figure 1: List of photoredox catalysts used for C–H bond functionalizations.
Figure 2: List of metal-based photoredox catalysts used in this review article.
Figure 3: Jablonski diagram.
Figure 4: Photoredox catalysis via reductive or oxidative pathways. D = donor, A = acceptor, S = substrate, P...
Figure 5: Schematic representation of the combination of photoredox catalysis and transition metal catalysis.
Scheme 1: Weinreb amide C–H olefination.
Figure 6: Mechanism for the formation of 21 from 19 using photoredox catalyst 11.
Scheme 2: C–H olefination of phenolic ethers.
Scheme 3: Decarboxylative acylation of acetanilides.
Figure 7: Mechanism for the formation of 30 from acetanilide derivatives.
Scheme 4: Synthesis of fluorenone derivatives by intramolecular deoxygenative acylation of biaryl carboxylic ...
Figure 8: Mechanism for the photoredox-catalyzed synthesis of fluorenone derivatives.
Scheme 5: Synthesis of benzothiazoles via aerobic C–H thiolation.
Figure 9: Plausible mechanism for the construction of benzothiazoles from benzothioamides.
Scheme 6: Synthesis of benzothiazoles via oxidant-free C–H thiolation.
Figure 10: Mechanism involved in the synthesis of benzothiazoles via oxidant-free C–H thiolation.
Scheme 7: Synthesis of indoles via C–H cyclization of anilides with alkynes.
Scheme 8: Preparation of 3-trifluoromethylcoumarins via C–H cyclization of arylpropiolate esters.
Figure 11: Mechanistic pathway for the synthesis of coumarin derivatives via C–H cyclization.
Scheme 9: Monobenzoyloxylation without chelation assistance.
Figure 12: Plausible mechanism for the formation of 71 from 70.
Scheme 10: Aryl-substituted arenes prepared by inorganic photoredox catalysis using 12a.
Figure 13: Proposed mechanism for C–H arylations in the presence of 12a and a Pd catalyst.
Scheme 11: Arylation of purines via dual photoredox catalysis.
Scheme 12: Arylation of substituted arenes with an organic photoredox catalyst.
Scheme 13: C–H trifluoromethylation.
Figure 14: Proposed mechanism for the trifluoromethylation of 88.
Scheme 14: Synthesis of benzo-3,4-coumarin derivatives.
Figure 15: Plausible mechanism for the synthesis of substituted coumarins.
Scheme 15: Oxidant-free oxidative phosphonylation.
Figure 16: Mechanism proposed for the phosphonylation reaction of 100.
Scheme 16: Nitration of anilines.
Figure 17: Plausible mechanism for the nitration of aniline derivatives via photoredox catalysis.
Scheme 17: Synthesis of carbazoles via intramolecular amination.
Figure 18: Proposed mechanism for the formation of carbazoles from biaryl derivatives.
Scheme 18: Synthesis of substituted phenols using QuCN.
Figure 19: Mechanism for the synthesis of phenol derivatives with photoredox catalyst 8.
Scheme 19: Synthesis of substituted phenols with DDQ (5).
Figure 20: Possible mechanism for the generation of phenols with the aid of photoredox catalyst 5.
Scheme 20: Aerobic bromination of arenes using an acridinium-based photocatalyst.
Scheme 21: Aerobic bromination of arenes with anthraquinone.
Figure 21: Proposed mechanism for the synthesis of monobrominated compounds.
Scheme 22: Chlorination of benzene derivatives with Mes-Acr-MeClO4 (2).
Figure 22: Mechanism for the synthesis of 131 from 132.
Scheme 23: Chlorination of arenes with 4CzIPN (5a).
Figure 23: Plausible mechanism for the oxidative photocatalytic monochlorination using 5a.
Scheme 24: Monofluorination using QuCN-ClO4 (8).
Scheme 25: Fluorination with fluorine-18.
Scheme 26: Aerobic amination with acridinium catalyst 3a.
Figure 24: Plausible mechanism for the aerobic amination using acridinium catalyst 3a.
Scheme 27: Aerobic aminations with semiconductor photoredox catalyst 18.
Scheme 28: Perfluoroalkylation of arenes.
Scheme 29: Synthesis of benzonitriles in the presence of 3a.
Figure 25: Plausible mechanism for the synthesis of substituted benzonitrile derivatives in the presence of 3a....
Graphical Abstract
Scheme 1: Synthesis of tetrahydroazolopyrimidine derivatives.
Scheme 2: Various multicomponent reactions involving pyruvic acids (pyruvates) and different α-aminoazoles.
Scheme 3: Synthesis of 4-arylamino-substituted tetrahydroquinolines.
Scheme 4: Ultrasound-assisted multicomponent reactions of 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole or 5-amino-1H-pyrazole-4-car...
Scheme 5: Synthesis of 3-cyano-7-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-5-carboxylic acid (7)....
Scheme 6: Proposed reaction mechanism.
Figure 1: Alternative structures A and B for the tetrahydroazolopyrimidines 4.
Figure 2: Molecular structure of ethyl 5-(4-bromophenyl)-3-cyano-7-((4-cyano-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)amino)-4,5,6,7-t...
Figure 3: Chains of 4g molecules in the crystal phase.
Graphical Abstract
Figure 1: Structures of compounds 1–6.
Figure 2: Key HMBC (blue arrows) and COSY (bold bonds) correlations in 1 and 2.
Figure 3: a) ORTEP drawing of 1, with thermal ellipsoids indicating 50% probability. The atoms of the minor d...
Figure 4: a) ORTEP drawing of 3, with thermal ellipsoids indicating 50% probability. b) Electronic circular d...
Figure 5: a) ORTEP drawing of 5, with thermal ellipsoids indicating 50% probability. b) Electronic circular d...
Graphical Abstract
Figure 1: Structures of (6E,8Z)- and (6E,8E)-5-oxo-6,8-tetradecadienoic acids (1 and 2).
Figure 2: COSY and key HMBC correlations for 1 and 2.
Figure 3: Spin system simulation for the C8–C9 double bond of 2.
Figure 4: Natural keto fatty acids of various origins.
Figure 5: PPAR activation by 1 and 2.