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Search for "drugs" in Full Text gives 732 result(s) in Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry. Showing first 200.
Synthesis of the biologically important dideuterium-labelled adenosine triphosphate analogue ApppI(d2)
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2022, 18, 1466–1470, doi:10.3762/bjoc.18.153
- already in clinical use as antiviral or anticancer drugs [2][5][6]. Bisphosphonates (BPs), the stable analogues of the natural pyrophosphate (Figure 1) found in cells, have been used for decades in the treatment of bone-related diseases, such as osteoporosis [7][8]. BPs can be categorized by the chemical
Mechanochemical synthesis of unsymmetrical salens for the preparation of Co–salen complexes and their evaluation as catalysts for the synthesis of α-aryloxy alcohols via asymmetric phenolic kinetic resolution of terminal epoxides
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2022, 18, 1416–1423, doi:10.3762/bjoc.18.147
- ; mechanochemistry; phenolic KR; Introduction In the past decade, more than twenty chiral small molecule drugs were approved by the FDA, including ruxolitinib, afatinib, sonidegib, encorafenib, lorlatinib, darolutamide, alpelisib, artesunate, maribavir, ponesimod, daridorexant and others [1][2][3]. The
- enantioselective synthesis in modern chemistry turns out to be accumulatively essential for the preparation of chiral drugs, which is a huge growing market in the future. Indeed, the asymmetric ring opening of terminal epoxides is one of the most important strategies for synthesizing drug-like building blocks and
Characterization of a new fusicoccane-type diterpene synthase and an associated P450 enzyme
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2022, 18, 1396–1402, doi:10.3762/bjoc.18.144
- Jia-Hua Huang Jian-Ming Lv Liang-Yan Xiao Qian Xu Fu-Long Lin Gao-Qian Wang Guo-Dong Chen Sheng-Ying Qin Dan Hu Hao Gao Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy / Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs
On drug discovery against infectious diseases and academic medicinal chemistry contributions
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2022, 18, 1355–1378, doi:10.3762/bjoc.18.141
- -infectious or neglected diseases, such choices appear to have impacted the actual number of drugs discovered in these countries and this trend goes beyond the academic contributions of the considered country. Looking at the actual origins of the research entities who provided the anti-HIV1 drugs available
- chemistry culture caused by this lack of academic support. Indeed, virtual docking has yet to demonstrate that it was instrumental in preselecting a really successful hit out of chemical libraries and considering, for instance, anticancer drugs as potential antivirals is barely more relevant than assaying
- , amongst many other uses, provided the background for fragment-based drug design [2][3]. – An ever-increasing computer processing speed leading to an ever-growing list of software-based approaches to try to help in various aspects of drugs discovery. The neural network-based software AlphaFold [4], which
Cyclodextrin-based Schiff base pro-fragrances: Synthesis and release studies
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2022, 18, 1346–1354, doi:10.3762/bjoc.18.140
- of labile compounds is to prepare pro-fragrances in analogy with the concept of pro-drugs developed for pharmaceutical applications. The fragrance is linked covalently to a substrate that will release the fragrance under defined chemical conditions. For applications in the fragrance and flavor
Cytochrome P450 monooxygenase-mediated tailoring of triterpenoids and steroids in plants
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2022, 18, 1289–1310, doi:10.3762/bjoc.18.135
- versatility of CYPs in plant triterpenoid and steroid metabolism (Figure 6). Diosgenin (13) is a specialised plant natural product with a unique 5,6-spiroketal moiety that serves as an inexpensive raw material for the industrial synthesis of steroidal drugs. Diosgenin (13) biosynthesis from cholesterol (3
Experimental and theoretical studies on the synthesis of 1,4,5-trisubstituted pyrrolidine-2,3-diones
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2022, 18, 1140–1153, doi:10.3762/bjoc.18.118
- ][10]. In addition, these 2-oxopyrroles are structural subunits of various bioactive natural compounds and synthetic drugs. For example, codinaeopsin has been isolated from a fungal extract of a tree called Vochysia guatemalensis which shows antimalarial activity [11]. Pyrrocidine A was isolated from
Scope of tetrazolo[1,5-a]quinoxalines in CuAAC reactions for the synthesis of triazoloquinoxalines, imidazoloquinoxalines, and rhenium complexes thereof
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2022, 18, 1088–1099, doi:10.3762/bjoc.18.111
- possess antibacterial [2], antifungal [3], and antiviral properties [4] and form the core structure of commercially available drugs like brimonidine, varenicline, and quinacillin [5]. Quinoxalines can also be used in organic solar cell polymers [1][6] and have been described as donor moieties in many TADF
Synthesis of N-phenyl- and N-thiazolyl-1H-indazoles by copper-catalyzed intramolecular N-arylation of ortho-chlorinated arylhydrazones
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2022, 18, 1079–1087, doi:10.3762/bjoc.18.110
- anticancer [2], anti-HIV [3], anti-inflammatory [4], antiprotozoal [5], antifungal [6], antibacterial [7], antiplatelet [8], and antihypertensive [9] properties. The relevance to medicinal chemistry is also demonstrated by the presence of the 1H-indazole core in the structure of drugs. The anticataract agent
Morita–Baylis–Hillman reaction of 3-formyl-9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indoles and fluorescence studies of the products
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2022, 18, 926–934, doi:10.3762/bjoc.18.92
- of β-carboline-containing compounds [27][28][29][30]. Figure 1 summarizes some examples of β-carboline-based drugs and bioactive natural products some of which have even been commercialized successfully showing the importance of this nucleus [31][32][33]. This pharmacological richness and colossal
- products 8 (Morita–Baylis–Hilman + Michael adducts). Antimicrobial evaluation of the title compounds is underway and will be reported in due course. Few examples of β-carboline-based drugs and bioactive natural products. 1/3-Formyl-9H-β-carboline: new synthons for the synthesis of β-carboline-fused and
Synthesis and HDAC inhibitory activity of pyrimidine-based hydroxamic acids
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2022, 18, 837–844, doi:10.3762/bjoc.18.84
- HDAC proteins, gives them good biological activity in inhibiting these proteins. To date, three HDAC inhibitor drugs containing this functional group in their structure have been approved [6][7] (Figure 1). However, the main disadvantage of many HDAC inhibitors is their low selectivity: most of them
An isoxazole strategy for the synthesis of 4-oxo-1,4-dihydropyridine-3-carboxylates
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2022, 18, 738–745, doi:10.3762/bjoc.18.74
- -triaryl-substituted and 1,2,5,6-tetrasubstituted nicotinates. Keywords: isoxazole; methyl nicotinate; molybdenum hexacarbonyl; 4-pyridone; ring expansion; Introduction Pyridine moieties are present in many natural products, drugs, pesticides and industrial materials. Pyridine fragments are used in drugs
- represented among drugs [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. Some of bioactive compounds, such as ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, delafloxacin, and elvitegravir, contain the fragment of 4-oxo-1,4-dihydropyridine-3-carboxylic acid [6][8] and some others, ivacaftor, dolutegravir, bictegravir, aspernigrin B, and 4PYR
Inductive heating and flow chemistry – a perfect synergy of emerging enabling technologies
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2022, 18, 688–706, doi:10.3762/bjoc.18.70
- inductive heating technology has also been used in multistep processes targeting drugs or important molecules in the fragrance industry. The first example deals with a metal-free carbon–carbon-bond formation process between tosylhydrazones generated from the corresponding aldehydes 74 and boronic acids 76
Cholyl 1,3,4-oxadiazole hybrid compounds: design, synthesis and antimicrobial assessment
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2022, 18, 631–638, doi:10.3762/bjoc.18.63
- , Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Staphylococcus pneumoniae were responsible for most of bacteremia deaths related to antimicrobial resistance in 2019 [2]. Current antibacterial drugs are facing various challenges, due to the inability to accumulate inside human cells made them inactive [3] and
- drugs, cholic acid with its unique shape has attracted scientists’ attention by virtue of its non-toxic, natural human product, biodegradable, and amphiphilic properties. Cholic acid derivatives have been reported to have a wide range of activities such as antibacterial [21][24][25][26] and anticancer
- [27][28][29], and were used for ischemic stroke treatment [30], to decrease the cytotoxicity of anticancer drugs [31], and as amphiphilic copolymers as artificial ionophores [32]. Result and Discussion The synthetic strategy for the synthesis of the desired compounds 4a–v commenced from commercially
Heteroleptic metallosupramolecular aggregates/complexation for supramolecular catalysis
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2022, 18, 597–630, doi:10.3762/bjoc.18.62
- . Transition-metal catalysts play an important role for the development of intricate pharmaceutical drugs. Although transition-metal catalysts based on rhodium, cobalt, and palladium have been intensively studied, gold catalysis has received encouraging attention only recently [67][68]. Since selectivity of
Synthesis of sulfur karrikin bioisosteres as potential neuroprotectives
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2022, 18, 549–554, doi:10.3762/bjoc.18.57
- brain of patients suffering with the Parkinson’s and the Alzheimer’s disease, respectively. Therefore, research is focused on the discovery of new drugs protecting acetylcholine and dopamine levels via inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and monoamine oxidase (MAO). A promising source of such
- novel drugs could be the smoke of burning plants that contains more than 4000 chemical species [1] and among them numerous compounds possess biological activities in humans. The psychotropic effect of smoke is well known for centuries and its inhalation has different effects depending on plant material
- unknown, that could have untapped potential in medicine. The study of the relationship between the components of plant-derived smoke and MAO and/or AChE can lead to safe and efficient drugs and drug scaffolds from a yet unexploited resource. One very important bioactive constituent of smoke of burning
Synthesis of a new water-soluble hexacarboxylated tribenzotriquinacene derivative and its competitive host–guest interaction for drug delivery
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2022, 18, 539–548, doi:10.3762/bjoc.18.56
- water-soluble hexacarboxylated tribenzotriquinacene derivative (TBTQ-CB6) was synthesized and used as a supramolecular drug carrier to load the model anticancer drugs dimethyl viologen (MV) and doxorubicin (DOX) via host–guest interactions. The drugs could be effectively released by spermine (SM), a
- cancer treatment [1][2]. Many types of chemotherapeutic drugs have been commonly used in clinical practice, including doxorubicin (DOX) [3], chlorambucil [4], oxaliplatin [5], etc. However, the use of most chemotherapeutic agents is often challenged by their poor water solubility and non-selective
- targeting of cancer cells, resulting in low bioavailability and systemic side effects [6]. To address these drawbacks, various approaches have been developed to improve the bioavailability of these and other drugs and to enable their targeted delivery to cancer cells [7][8][9][10]. In recent years
Synthesis of 3,4,5-trisubstituted isoxazoles in water via a [3 + 2]-cycloaddition of nitrile oxides and 1,3-diketones, β-ketoesters, or β-ketoamides
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2022, 18, 446–458, doi:10.3762/bjoc.18.47
- ; 3,4,5-trisubstituted isoxazoles; Introduction Isoxazoles are a privileged class of five-membered heterocycles, which are found in numerous bioactive natural products [1][2] and synthetic small molecule drugs [3][4], and are used as important precursors for the synthesis of β-hydroxycarbonyl compounds
The asymmetric Henry reaction as synthetic tool for the preparation of the drugs linezolid and rivaroxaban
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2022, 18, 438–445, doi:10.3762/bjoc.18.46
- Martin Vrbicky Karel Macek Jaroslav Pochobradsky Jan Svoboda Milos Sedlak Pavel Drabina Institute of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, 532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic 10.3762/bjoc.18.46 Abstract The human drugs – the
- antibiotic linezolid (1) and the anticoagulant rivaroxaban (2) – belong among modern pharmaceutics, which contain an oxazolidine-2-one moiety bearing a stereogenic center. The chirality of these drugs is a fundamental attribute for their biological activity. Herein, one of the efficient asymmetric syntheses
- of these drugs was studied in detail. Highly enantioselective catalysts were tested in the key step of the synthetic procedure, i.e., the asymmetric Henry reaction, under different reaction conditions, using several starting aldehydes. The corresponding nitroaldols as chiral intermediates in the
Menadione: a platform and a target to valuable compounds synthesis
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2022, 18, 381–419, doi:10.3762/bjoc.18.43
- , Brazil 10.3762/bjoc.18.43 Abstract Naphthoquinones are important natural or synthetic compounds belonging to the general class of quinones. Many compounds in this class have become drugs that are on the pharmaceutical market for the treatment of various diseases. A special naphthoquinone derivative is
- interesting chemical properties and bioactivities, naphthoquinones have aroused great interest, mainly in the pharmaceutical field, where they have been widely used in the development of new and more efficient drugs [1][9]. The naphthoquinone menadione has attracted a lot of attention. Menadione or 2-methyl
- reaction, among pericyclic reactions, is a very important synthetic approach to obtain several molecular scaffolds, including naturally occurring molecules, drugs, polymers, and heterocycles with promising biological activity. Especially, Diels–Alder reactions involving quinones and dienes as starting
Four bioactive new steroids from the soft coral Lobophytum pauciflorum collected in South China Sea
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2022, 18, 374–380, doi:10.3762/bjoc.18.42
- Di Zhang Zhe Wang Xiao Han Xiao-Lei Li Zhong-Yu Lu Bei-Bei Dou Wen-Ze Zhang Xu-Li Tang Ping-Lin Li Guo-Qiang Li Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, People's Republic of China Laboratory of Marine
- Drugs and Biological Products, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266235, People's Republic of China College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, People's Republic of China 10.3762/bjoc.18.42 Abstract Four new
Synthesis of 5-unsubstituted dihydropyrimidinone-4-carboxylates from deep eutectic mixtures
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2022, 18, 331–336, doi:10.3762/bjoc.18.37
- inhibits the motor activity of mitotic kinesin Eg5 and is therefore considered as a lead for the development of anticancer drugs [16]. Of particular interest are 5-unsubstituted DHPMs [17], such as compounds 1 and 2, which possess neuronal sodium channel blockade activities (Figure 1). Other examples are
Synthesis of novel [1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-b][1,2,4,5]tetrazines and investigation of their fungistatic activity
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2022, 18, 243–250, doi:10.3762/bjoc.18.29
- particular, imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines and imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidines exhibit a wide spectrum of biological activity, including antiviral and antibacterial ones [1][2]. A promising approach for the development of new drugs is the synthesis and bioscreening of high nitrogen-containing azoloazines, including azolo
- imidazo[1,2-b][1,2,4,5]tetrazines [17][18]. Thus, a search for new effective drugs in the series of azolo[1,2,4,5]tetrazines appears to be an important and promising area of research. 1,2,4,5-Tetrazine derivatives have been actively studied in recent years [19][20][21][22]. These compounds are attractive
- been found. All the above-mentioned results demonstrate good prospects for finding new antifungal drugs in this class of compounds. X-ray structure of N-(6-(4-bromo-3,5-dimethylpyrazol-1-yl)-1,2,4,5-tetrazin-3-yl)benzamide. Chemical structures of [1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-b][1,2,4,5]tetrazine (a), [1,2,4
The role of chemistry in the success of oligonucleotides as therapeutics
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2022, 18, 197–199, doi:10.3762/bjoc.18.22
- , both of them target mRNA to disrupt protein synthesis. In the following text we will refer both antisense oligonucleotides and siRNAs collectively as therapeutic oligonucleotides. More than 10 oligonucleotide drugs have received regulatory approval by the FDA and are now helping patients suffering from
- -based drugs that have been approved by the FDA contain chemically modified nucleotides (Figure 1) indicating the critical role chemists have played in bring oligonucleotides from bench to bedside. Importantly, a plethora of different chemically modified nucleotides have been described in the literature
Ready access to 7,8-dihydroindolo[2,3-d][1]benzazepine-6(5H)-one scaffold and analogues via early-stage Fischer ring-closure reaction
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2022, 18, 143–151, doi:10.3762/bjoc.18.15
- designed and prepared [3], with the hope of developing more efficient anticancer drugs with either improved Cdk targeting or with a different mechanism of action [4][5]. The isomers B and D (Figure 1) are synthetic derivatives of paullones, in which either the lactam unit is shifted (B) or both the lactam
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