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Search for "drugs" in Full Text gives 719 result(s) in Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry. Showing first 200.
Cholyl 1,3,4-oxadiazole hybrid compounds: design, synthesis and antimicrobial assessment
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2022, 18, 631–638, doi:10.3762/bjoc.18.63
- , Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Staphylococcus pneumoniae were responsible for most of bacteremia deaths related to antimicrobial resistance in 2019 [2]. Current antibacterial drugs are facing various challenges, due to the inability to accumulate inside human cells made them inactive [3] and
- drugs, cholic acid with its unique shape has attracted scientists’ attention by virtue of its non-toxic, natural human product, biodegradable, and amphiphilic properties. Cholic acid derivatives have been reported to have a wide range of activities such as antibacterial [21][24][25][26] and anticancer
- [27][28][29], and were used for ischemic stroke treatment [30], to decrease the cytotoxicity of anticancer drugs [31], and as amphiphilic copolymers as artificial ionophores [32]. Result and Discussion The synthetic strategy for the synthesis of the desired compounds 4a–v commenced from commercially
Heteroleptic metallosupramolecular aggregates/complexation for supramolecular catalysis
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2022, 18, 597–630, doi:10.3762/bjoc.18.62
- . Transition-metal catalysts play an important role for the development of intricate pharmaceutical drugs. Although transition-metal catalysts based on rhodium, cobalt, and palladium have been intensively studied, gold catalysis has received encouraging attention only recently [67][68]. Since selectivity of
Synthesis of sulfur karrikin bioisosteres as potential neuroprotectives
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2022, 18, 549–554, doi:10.3762/bjoc.18.57
- brain of patients suffering with the Parkinson’s and the Alzheimer’s disease, respectively. Therefore, research is focused on the discovery of new drugs protecting acetylcholine and dopamine levels via inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and monoamine oxidase (MAO). A promising source of such
- novel drugs could be the smoke of burning plants that contains more than 4000 chemical species [1] and among them numerous compounds possess biological activities in humans. The psychotropic effect of smoke is well known for centuries and its inhalation has different effects depending on plant material
- unknown, that could have untapped potential in medicine. The study of the relationship between the components of plant-derived smoke and MAO and/or AChE can lead to safe and efficient drugs and drug scaffolds from a yet unexploited resource. One very important bioactive constituent of smoke of burning
Synthesis of a new water-soluble hexacarboxylated tribenzotriquinacene derivative and its competitive host–guest interaction for drug delivery
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2022, 18, 539–548, doi:10.3762/bjoc.18.56
- water-soluble hexacarboxylated tribenzotriquinacene derivative (TBTQ-CB6) was synthesized and used as a supramolecular drug carrier to load the model anticancer drugs dimethyl viologen (MV) and doxorubicin (DOX) via host–guest interactions. The drugs could be effectively released by spermine (SM), a
- cancer treatment [1][2]. Many types of chemotherapeutic drugs have been commonly used in clinical practice, including doxorubicin (DOX) [3], chlorambucil [4], oxaliplatin [5], etc. However, the use of most chemotherapeutic agents is often challenged by their poor water solubility and non-selective
- targeting of cancer cells, resulting in low bioavailability and systemic side effects [6]. To address these drawbacks, various approaches have been developed to improve the bioavailability of these and other drugs and to enable their targeted delivery to cancer cells [7][8][9][10]. In recent years
Synthesis of 3,4,5-trisubstituted isoxazoles in water via a [3 + 2]-cycloaddition of nitrile oxides and 1,3-diketones, β-ketoesters, or β-ketoamides
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2022, 18, 446–458, doi:10.3762/bjoc.18.47
- ; 3,4,5-trisubstituted isoxazoles; Introduction Isoxazoles are a privileged class of five-membered heterocycles, which are found in numerous bioactive natural products [1][2] and synthetic small molecule drugs [3][4], and are used as important precursors for the synthesis of β-hydroxycarbonyl compounds
The asymmetric Henry reaction as synthetic tool for the preparation of the drugs linezolid and rivaroxaban
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2022, 18, 438–445, doi:10.3762/bjoc.18.46
- Martin Vrbicky Karel Macek Jaroslav Pochobradsky Jan Svoboda Milos Sedlak Pavel Drabina Institute of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, 532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic 10.3762/bjoc.18.46 Abstract The human drugs – the
- antibiotic linezolid (1) and the anticoagulant rivaroxaban (2) – belong among modern pharmaceutics, which contain an oxazolidine-2-one moiety bearing a stereogenic center. The chirality of these drugs is a fundamental attribute for their biological activity. Herein, one of the efficient asymmetric syntheses
- of these drugs was studied in detail. Highly enantioselective catalysts were tested in the key step of the synthetic procedure, i.e., the asymmetric Henry reaction, under different reaction conditions, using several starting aldehydes. The corresponding nitroaldols as chiral intermediates in the
Menadione: a platform and a target to valuable compounds synthesis
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2022, 18, 381–419, doi:10.3762/bjoc.18.43
- , Brazil 10.3762/bjoc.18.43 Abstract Naphthoquinones are important natural or synthetic compounds belonging to the general class of quinones. Many compounds in this class have become drugs that are on the pharmaceutical market for the treatment of various diseases. A special naphthoquinone derivative is
- interesting chemical properties and bioactivities, naphthoquinones have aroused great interest, mainly in the pharmaceutical field, where they have been widely used in the development of new and more efficient drugs [1][9]. The naphthoquinone menadione has attracted a lot of attention. Menadione or 2-methyl
- reaction, among pericyclic reactions, is a very important synthetic approach to obtain several molecular scaffolds, including naturally occurring molecules, drugs, polymers, and heterocycles with promising biological activity. Especially, Diels–Alder reactions involving quinones and dienes as starting
Four bioactive new steroids from the soft coral Lobophytum pauciflorum collected in South China Sea
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2022, 18, 374–380, doi:10.3762/bjoc.18.42
- Di Zhang Zhe Wang Xiao Han Xiao-Lei Li Zhong-Yu Lu Bei-Bei Dou Wen-Ze Zhang Xu-Li Tang Ping-Lin Li Guo-Qiang Li Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, People's Republic of China Laboratory of Marine
- Drugs and Biological Products, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266235, People's Republic of China College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, People's Republic of China 10.3762/bjoc.18.42 Abstract Four new
Synthesis of 5-unsubstituted dihydropyrimidinone-4-carboxylates from deep eutectic mixtures
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2022, 18, 331–336, doi:10.3762/bjoc.18.37
- inhibits the motor activity of mitotic kinesin Eg5 and is therefore considered as a lead for the development of anticancer drugs [16]. Of particular interest are 5-unsubstituted DHPMs [17], such as compounds 1 and 2, which possess neuronal sodium channel blockade activities (Figure 1). Other examples are
Synthesis of novel [1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-b][1,2,4,5]tetrazines and investigation of their fungistatic activity
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2022, 18, 243–250, doi:10.3762/bjoc.18.29
- particular, imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines and imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidines exhibit a wide spectrum of biological activity, including antiviral and antibacterial ones [1][2]. A promising approach for the development of new drugs is the synthesis and bioscreening of high nitrogen-containing azoloazines, including azolo
- imidazo[1,2-b][1,2,4,5]tetrazines [17][18]. Thus, a search for new effective drugs in the series of azolo[1,2,4,5]tetrazines appears to be an important and promising area of research. 1,2,4,5-Tetrazine derivatives have been actively studied in recent years [19][20][21][22]. These compounds are attractive
- been found. All the above-mentioned results demonstrate good prospects for finding new antifungal drugs in this class of compounds. X-ray structure of N-(6-(4-bromo-3,5-dimethylpyrazol-1-yl)-1,2,4,5-tetrazin-3-yl)benzamide. Chemical structures of [1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-b][1,2,4,5]tetrazine (a), [1,2,4
The role of chemistry in the success of oligonucleotides as therapeutics
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2022, 18, 197–199, doi:10.3762/bjoc.18.22
- , both of them target mRNA to disrupt protein synthesis. In the following text we will refer both antisense oligonucleotides and siRNAs collectively as therapeutic oligonucleotides. More than 10 oligonucleotide drugs have received regulatory approval by the FDA and are now helping patients suffering from
- -based drugs that have been approved by the FDA contain chemically modified nucleotides (Figure 1) indicating the critical role chemists have played in bring oligonucleotides from bench to bedside. Importantly, a plethora of different chemically modified nucleotides have been described in the literature
Ready access to 7,8-dihydroindolo[2,3-d][1]benzazepine-6(5H)-one scaffold and analogues via early-stage Fischer ring-closure reaction
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2022, 18, 143–151, doi:10.3762/bjoc.18.15
- designed and prepared [3], with the hope of developing more efficient anticancer drugs with either improved Cdk targeting or with a different mechanism of action [4][5]. The isomers B and D (Figure 1) are synthetic derivatives of paullones, in which either the lactam unit is shifted (B) or both the lactam
Green synthesis of C5–C6-unsubstituted 1,4-DHP scaffolds using an efficient Ni–chitosan nanocatalyst under ultrasonic conditions
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2022, 18, 133–142, doi:10.3762/bjoc.18.14
- (NPs) and therefore automatically increases the dispersibility of the catalyst throughout the medium, resulting in a higher catalytic activity [23]. 1,4-DHPs are considered one of the most useful molecular scaffolds in medicinal chemistry. The scaffold is the main constituent of several crucial drugs
Chemical and chemoenzymatic routes to bridged homoarabinofuranosylpyrimidines: Bicyclic AZT analogues
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2022, 18, 95–101, doi:10.3762/bjoc.18.10
- eventually brought about the need for newly designed and improved anti-HIV drugs with respect to their improved pharmacological properties [20]. With an idea to keep the presence of azide functionality and to introduce structural rigidity, Marquez et al. [21] developed a methodology for the synthesis of
1,2-Naphthoquinone-4-sulfonic acid salts in organic synthesis
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2022, 18, 53–69, doi:10.3762/bjoc.18.5
- against various microorganisms and pharmacological targets, including being used in the preparation of several drugs that are on the pharmaceutical market. Among these naphthoquinones, the series of compounds prepared from 1,2-naphthoquinone-4-sulfonic acid salts (β-NQS) stands out. In addition to being
- used in organic synthesis, they are excellent analytical derivatization reagents to spectrophotometrically determine drugs containing primary and secondary amino groups. This review summarizes the literature involving β-NQS. Keywords: biological activities; derivatization reagents; β-NQS; organic
- should be noted that in addition to their biological properties, these compounds have served as raw materials for the synthesis of new naphthoquinone derivatives [27]. Drugs belonging to the class of naphthoquinones are on the pharmaceutical market for the treatment of various diseases. In Figure 2B
Bifunctional thiourea-catalyzed asymmetric [3 + 2] annulation reactions of 2-isothiocyanato-1-indanones with barbiturate-based olefins
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2022, 18, 25–36, doi:10.3762/bjoc.18.3
- mixture was concentrated and directly purified by silica gel column chromatography (dichloromethane/ethyl acetate/petroleum ether 1:1:5) to afford the desired product 3ag as a white solid (41.0 mg, 80% yield) with >20:1 dr and >99% ee. Selected examples of natural products and drugs possessing the indane
Peptide stapling by late-stage Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2022, 18, 1–12, doi:10.3762/bjoc.18.1
- permeability [1][2][3]. Hence, peptide-based drugs became of high interest because of their high selectivity combined with low toxicity. Cross-linking of side chain residues results in constrained conformations and can be used to stabilise α-helical secondary structures. This technique is called peptide
Stepwise PEG synthesis featuring deprotection and coupling in one pot
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 2976–2982, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.207
- obtained. However, for many other applications, which include as linkers in organic synthesis and bioconjugation [8], as ingredients in nanomedicines to stabilize nanoparticles and to assist nanoparticle cell entry [9][10][11], and as PEGylation agents to stabilize drugs based on biologic molecules such as
Efficient N-arylation of 4-chloroquinazolines en route to novel 4-anilinoquinazolines as potential anticancer agents
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 2968–2975, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.206
- -anilinoquinazoline; anticancer agents; N-arylation; 4-chloroquinazoline; microwave irradiation; Introduction N-Heterocyclic compounds are commonly present in pharmaceuticals, bioactive natural products, agrochemicals, and synthetic drugs [1][2]. Quinazoline, a benzo-fused N-heterocyclic framework (benzo-1,3-diazine
- ). The EGFR inhibitor drugs bearing the 4-anilinoquinazoline moiety did not show potent cytotoxic activity against T98G cells (21.3 µM for erlotinib, and 37.8 µM for gefitinib). However, the tubulin polymerization inhibitor (verubulin), which contains 4-anilinoquinazoline in its chemical structure, was
Unsaturated fatty acids and a prenylated tryptophan derivative from a rare actinomycete of the genus Couchioplanes
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 2939–2949, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.203
- within the class Actinomycetales, have provided many important clinical drugs [1][2], agrochemicals [3], food additives [4][5], and biochemical reagents [6][7][8][9], and continue to be a core source of bioactive molecules [10]. While most of the actinomycetes-derived compounds have been reported from
First total synthesis of hoshinoamide A
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 2924–2931, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.201
- artemisinin derivatives [7]. The emergence of drug resistance makes the efficacy of these drugs decline year by year, forcing scientists to constantly search for new antimalarial drugs [8][9][10]. In recent years, Iwasaki and co-workers have reported three novel linear lipopeptide natural products
Selective sulfonylation and isonitrilation of para-quinone methides employing TosMIC as a source of sulfonyl group or isonitrile group
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 2822–2831, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.193
- ; isonitrile diarylmethane; synthetic utility; Introduction Sulfones are ubiquitous units commonly found in marketed drugs and natural products. Because of their unique electronic and structural properties, they are often used in medicinal chemistry programs to search for anti-inflammatory, anti-HIV
- , antimicrobial, antimalarial, and anticancer activities [1][2]. Diarylmethane motifs are widely present in natural products and pharmaceuticals that exhibit extraordinary biological activity [3][4] (Figure 1). Among them, their anticancer activity is particularly attractive, demonstrated by drugs such as
Biological properties and conformational studies of amphiphilic Pd(II) and Ni(II) complexes bearing functionalized aroylaminocarbo-N-thioylpyrrolinate units
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 2812–2821, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.192
- range of 15.62–250 μg/mL when compared to reference drugs. The L3-Ni complex possessing the indole ring is the most active compound among the other complexes against Bacillus subtilis with a value of 15.62 μg/mL. The activities of the samples were compared with the results obtained with ampicillin (0.9
- –125 μg/mL) as reference. The tested complexes showed antituberculosis activity, in the range of 3.90–62,50 μg/mL (Table 1) when compared to reference drugs. It is interestingly important to notice that the L3-Ni complex bearing an indole ring in the pyrrolidine skeleton has the highest activity when
- 62.50–125 μg/mL (Table 2) when compared to reference drugs. the L3-Ni complex has the highest activity against Candida glabrata. DFT calculations of complexes The survey of relationship between structure of the complex and activity (SAR) moved us to design DFT calculations. The difference of the
Recent advances in the asymmetric phosphoric acid-catalyzed synthesis of axially chiral compounds
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 2729–2764, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.185
- construction of axial chirality [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. Axially chiral biaryl and heterobiaryl units are widely used as basic building blocks for chiral ligands [14], chiral catalysts [14][15][16][17] (Figure 1), various natural products, drugs and bioactive molecules [18][19], pharmaceutical agents [20
- synthesis of atropisomeric heterobiaryls 2.1. Synthesis of atropisomeric arylindoles The indole scaffold is found in many natural products, drugs, and bioactive molecules. Moreover, the introduction of axial chirality into the indole scaffold is receiving attention due to its widespread use [45][52]. In
- produce an ion-pair interaction with CPA 15 in addition to the hydrogen-bonding interaction. 2.2. Synthesis of miscellaneous atropisomeric heterobiaryls Axially chiral pyrazole scaffolds are commonly found in natural products and drugs and are often used as valuable building blocks in organic synthesis
Synthetic strategies toward 1,3-oxathiolane nucleoside analogues
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 2680–2715, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.182
- counterparts during DNA or RNA synthesis, a biological role that is crucial for cellular reproduction [2]. Most of the drugs that are incorporated in the viral DNA upon phosphorylation in vivo block the DNA polymerase enzyme. However, DNA polymerase recognizes 2’,3’-dideoxynucleosides as substrates, which are
- to compete with natural deoxynucleotides for incorporation into (viral) DNA. Chain elongation via reverse transcriptase is thus inhibited. This class of drugs is referred to as nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs). In NRTIs, 3TC (1) possesses chemical and biological properties, a
- formation of a diastereomeric mixture or a racemate of the resultant nucleosides [31]. However, the enantiomers of chiral drugs have indistinguishable chemical and physical properties in an achiral environment. One enantiomer may exhibit a more diverse pharmacological and chemical behavior than the other
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