Volume No. 18
2022
Pages 1 - 1771
Table of Contents |
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| 124 | Full Research Paper |
| 17 | Review |
| 31 | Letter |
| 5 | Perspective |
| 1 | Commentary |
| 7 | Editorial |
- Letter
- Published 10 Mar 2022
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Scheme 1: Reaction conducted according to the Ellman protocol.
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Figure 1: Asymmetric unit of 2a, with the atom-numbering scheme. The crystallographic reference system is als...
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Figure 2: Substrate scope of the borylcopper-mediated homocoupling of oxindole-based N-tert-butanesulfinyl im...
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Scheme 2: Proposed mechanism for the borylcopper-mediated homocoupling of ketimines 1.
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- Review
- Published 14 Mar 2022
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Figure 1: Site-selective Diels–Alder reaction of anthracene and phthalimide mediated by aqueous organopalladi...
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Figure 2: Site-selective Diels–Alder and [2 + 2]-photoaddition reactions between naphthalene and phthalimide ...
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Figure 3: Cage host A-mediated selective 1,4-radical addition of o-quinone 10.
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Figure 4: Cyclodextrin-mediated site-selective reductions.
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Figure 5: Selective reduction of an α,ω-diazide compound mediated by water-soluble cavitand D.
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Figure 6: Selective radical reduction of α,ω-dihalides mediated by water-soluble cavitands E and F.
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Figure 7: Site-selective hydrogenation of polyenols mediated by supramolecular encapsulated rhodium catalyst.
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Figure 8: Site-selective oxidation of steroids using cyclodextrin as the anchoring template.
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Figure 9: Site-selective oxidations of linear diterpenoids with the help of cage host A.
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Figure 10: Site-selective monoepoxidation of α,ω-dienes mediated by the water-soluble cavitand host E.
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Figure 11: Site-selective ring-opening reaction of epoxides mediated by cavitand I with an inwardly directed c...
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Figure 12: Site-selective nucleophilic substitution reaction of allylic chlorides mediated by cage host J.
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Figure 13: Site-selective monohydrolysis of α,ω-difunctional compounds using deep water-soluble cavitands.
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- Letter
- Published 18 Mar 2022
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Scheme 1: Proposal of a Se···O bonding catalysis approach.
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Scheme 2: Se···O bonding catalysis approach to the synthesis of calix[4]pyrrole 2a.
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Scheme 3: Reaction scope.
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Scheme 4: Proposed activation mode.
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- Full Research Paper
- Published 22 Mar 2022
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Figure 1: Biologically active functionalized DHPMs.
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- Letter
- Published 28 Mar 2022
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Scheme 1: Resorcin[4]arene 1 forming the corresponding hexameric capsule 16 and the species used for control ...
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Scheme 2: Carbonyl–ene intramolecular cyclization of (S)-citronellal to the corresponding diastereoisomeric c...
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Figure 1: 1H NMR spectra in water-saturated CDCl3 except for G. A: [16] (7.5 mM); B: citronellal; C: citronel...
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Scheme 3: Dehydration reaction of 1,1-diphenylethanol to 1,1-diphenylethylene.
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Figure 2: 1H NMR spectra in water-saturated CDCl3 except for G. A: [16] (7.5 mM); B: 1,1-diphenylethanol; C: ...
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Scheme 4: Possible isomerization products from β-pinene and α-pinene.
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Figure 3: 1H NMR spectra in water-saturated CDCl3 except for G. A: [16] (7.5 mM); B: α-pinene; C: α-pinene (7...
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Figure 4: 1H NMR spectra in water-saturated CDCl3 except for G. A: [16] (7.5 mM); B: β-pinene; C: β-pinene (7...
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Figure 5: 1H NMR spectra in water-saturated CDCl3, except for E. A: [16] (7.5 mM); B: β-pinene; C: β-pinene (...
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- Published 29 Mar 2022
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Figure 1: Piperidine and pyrrolidine rings in biologically active compounds.
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Scheme 1: Conventional synthetic routes for piperidine derivatives.
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Scheme 2: Synthesis of 1,2-diphenylpiperidine (3a) by the electroreductive cyclization mechanism.
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Figure 2: Schematic diagram of the electroreductive cyclization for the synthesis of 1,2-diphenylpiperidine (...
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Figure 3: Yield of 3a for each fraction sample in the continuous flow reductive cyclization.
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- Published 30 Mar 2022
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Figure 1: Chemical structures of amamistatins (1–5) and a putative biosynthetic shunt product (6) isolated in...
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Figure 2: 1H,1H COSY and selected 1H,13C HMBC correlations in compounds 1 and 6.
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Figure 3: MS–MS fragmentation of amamistatins (1–5).
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Figure 4: Proposed biosynthesis of amamistatins isolated in this study.
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- Published 01 Apr 2022
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Scheme 1: Synthesis of the borylated norbornadienes 2a,b and 3.
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Scheme 2: Suzuki–Miyaura coupling reactions of borono-norbornadienes 2a and 2b with selected haloarenes 4a–k.
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Figure 1: Photometric monitoring of the photoisomerization of 2-(1-naphthyl)norbornadiene (5b) in MeCN, c = 2...
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Scheme 3: Photo-induced, reversible conversion of the naphthylnorbornadiene 5b to quadricyclane 6b in CH3CN (...
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- Published 08 Apr 2022
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Figure 1: Structures of compounds 1–7.
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Figure 2: 1H,1H-COSY and selected key HMBC correlations of 1–4.
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Figure 3: Selected NOESY correlations of compounds 1–4.
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Figure 4: X-ray crystallographic analysis of compounds 1–3.
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Figure 5: Effects of compound 1 on the anti-inflammation of zebrafish internodes. ## Indicates that the CuSO4...
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- Review
- Published 11 Apr 2022
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Figure 1: Natural bioactive naphthoquinones.
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Figure 2: Chemical structures of vitamins K.
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Figure 3: Redox cycle of menadione.
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Scheme 1: Selected approaches for menadione synthesis using silver(I) as a catalyst.
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Scheme 2: Methylation approaches for the preparation of menadione from 1,4-naphthoquinone using tert-butyl hy...
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Scheme 3: Methylation approach of 1,4-naphthoquinone using i) rhodium complexes/methylboronic acid and ii) bi...
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Scheme 4: Synthesis of menadione (10) from itaconic acid.
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Scheme 5: Menadione synthesis via Diels–Alder reaction.
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Scheme 6: Synthesis of menadione (10) using p-cresol as a synthetic precursor.
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Scheme 7: Synthesis of menadione (10) via demethoxycarbonylating annulation of methyl methacrylate.
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Scheme 8: Furan 34 used as a diene in a Diels–Alder reaction for the synthesis of menadione (10).
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Scheme 9: o-Toluidine as a dienophile in a Diels–Alder reaction for the synthesis of menadione (10).
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Scheme 10: Representation of electrochemical synthesis of menadione.
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Figure 4: Reaction sites and reaction types of menadione as substrate.
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Scheme 11: DBU-catalyzed epoxidation of menadione (10).
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Scheme 12: Phase-transfer catalysis for the epoxidation of menadione.
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Scheme 13: Menadione epoxidation using a hydroperoxide derived from (+)-norcamphor.
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Scheme 14: Enantioselective Diels–Alder reaction for the synthesis of asymmetric quinone 50 catalyzed by a chi...
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Scheme 15: Optimized reaction conditions for the synthesis of anthra[9,1-bc]pyranone.
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Scheme 16: Synthesis of anthra[9,1-bc]furanone, anthra[9,1-bc]pyridine, and anthra[9,1-bc]pyrrole derivatives.
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Scheme 17: Synthesis of derivatives employing protected trienes.
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Scheme 18: Synthesis of cyclobutene derivatives of menadione.
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Scheme 19: Menadione reduction reactions using sodium hydrosulfite.
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Scheme 20: Green methodology for menadiol synthesis and pegylation.
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Scheme 21: Menadione reduction by 5,6-O-isopropylidene-ʟ-ascorbic acid under UV light irradiation.
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Scheme 22: Selected approaches of menadione hydroacetylation to diacetylated menadiol.
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Scheme 23: Thiele–Winter reaction catalyzed by Bi(OTf)3.
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Scheme 24: Carbonyl condensation of menadione using resorcinol and a hydrazone derivative.
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Scheme 25: Condensation reaction of menadione with thiosemicarbazide.
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Scheme 26: Condensation reaction of menadione with acylhydrazides.
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Scheme 27: Menadione derivatives functionalized with organochalcogens.
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Scheme 28: Synthesis of selenium-menadione conjugates derived from chloromethylated menadione 84.
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Scheme 29: Menadione alkylation by the Kochi–Anderson method.
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Scheme 30: Menadione alkylation by diacids.
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Scheme 31: Menadione alkylation by heterocycles-substituted carboxylic acids.
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Scheme 32: Menadione alkylation by bromoalkyl-substituted carboxylic acids.
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Scheme 33: Menadione alkylation by complex carboxylic acids.
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Scheme 34: Kochi–Anderson method variations for the menadione alkylation via oxidative decarboxylation of carb...
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Scheme 35: Copper-catalyzed menadione alkylation via free radicals.
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Scheme 36: Nickel-catalyzed menadione cyanoalkylation.
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Scheme 37: Iron-catalyzed alkylation of menadione.
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Scheme 38: Selected approaches to menadione alkylation.
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Scheme 39: Menadione acylation by photo-Friedel–Crafts acylation reported by Waske and co-workers.
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Scheme 40: Menadione acylation by Westwood procedure.
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Scheme 41: Synthesis of 3-benzoylmenadione via metal-free TBAI/TBHP system.
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Scheme 42: Michael-type addition of amines to menadione reported by Kallmayer.
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Scheme 43: Synthesis of amino-menadione derivatives using polyalkylamines.
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Scheme 44: Selected examples for the synthesis of different amino-substituted menadione derivatives.
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Scheme 45: Selected examples of Michael-type addition of complex amines to menadione (10).
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Scheme 46: Addition of different natural α-amino acids to menadione.
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Scheme 47: Michael-type addition of amines to menadione using silica-supported perchloric acid.
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Scheme 48: Indolylnaphthoquinone or indolylnaphthalene-1,4-diol synthesis reported by Yadav et al.
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Scheme 49: Indolylnaphthoquinone synthesis reported by Tanoue and co-workers.
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Scheme 50: Indolylnaphthoquinone synthesis from menadione by Escobeto-González and co-workers.
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Scheme 51: Synthesis of menadione analogues functionalized with thiols.
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Scheme 52: Synthesis of menadione-derived symmetrical derivatives through reaction with dithiols.
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Scheme 53: Mercaptoalkyl acids as nucleophiles in Michael-type addition reaction to menadione.
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Scheme 54: Reactions of menadione (10) with cysteine derivatives for the synthesis of quinoproteins.
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Scheme 55: Synthesis of menadione-glutathione conjugate 152 by Michael-type addition.
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- Full Research Paper
- Published 12 Apr 2022
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Scheme 1: Scope of the reaction of bromopropargylic alcohol 1a and phenols 2b–i.
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Scheme 2: Reaction of bromopropargylic alcohol 1b and phenols 2a and 2d.
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Scheme 3: Reaction of bromopropargylic alcohol 1c and phenol (2a).
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Scheme 4: Reaction of chloropropargylic alcohol and phenol (2a).
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Scheme 5: Reaction of bromopropargylic alcohol 1a and anilines.
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Scheme 6: Control experiments.
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Scheme 7: A plausible mechanism for the formation of phenoxyhydroxyketone 4.
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Scheme 8: A plausible mechanism for the formation of diphenoxyketone 5.
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Scheme 9: Examples of representative preparation of phenoxyketones 4.
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Scheme 10: α-Ketol rearrangement of phenoxyketones 4a and 4f.
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- Published 13 Apr 2022
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Scheme 1: Graphical representation of the fabrication of supramolecular m-TPEWP5
![[Graphic 5]](/bjoc/content/inline/1860-5397-18-45-i7.svg?max-width=637&scale=1.18182)
G-EsY self-assembled photocat...
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Figure 1: 1H NMR (400 MHz, D2O, 298 K) spectra of m-TPEWP5 (1.0 mM), m-TPEWP5 (1.0 mM) + G (1.0 mM), and G (1...
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Figure 2: (a) Fluorescence spectra of m-TPEWP5 (1 × 10−5 M) with different concentrations of G (0 to 1.2 equi...
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Figure 3: TEM images of (a) m-TPEWP5
![[Graphic 15]](/bjoc/content/inline/1860-5397-18-45-i17.svg?max-width=637&scale=1.18182)
G; (b) m-TPEWP5![[Graphic 16]](/bjoc/content/inline/1860-5397-18-45-i18.svg?max-width=637&scale=1.18182)
G-EsY. [m-TPEWP5] = 1 × 10−4 M, [G] = 1 × 10−4 M, [EsY] = ...
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Figure 4: (a) Normalized absorption and emission spectra of the EsY acceptor and the m-TPEWP5
![[Graphic 25]](/bjoc/content/inline/1860-5397-18-45-i27.svg?max-width=637&scale=1.18182)
G donor assembly...
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Scheme 2: Products from 2-bromo-1-phenylethanone dehalogenation reactions in the presence of m-TPEWP5
![[Graphic 43]](/bjoc/content/inline/1860-5397-18-45-i45.svg?max-width=637&scale=1.18182)
G-EsY na...
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Figure 5: Proposed mechanism for the 2-bromo-1-phenylethanone dehalogenation reaction mediated by m-TPEWP5
![[Graphic 48]](/bjoc/content/inline/1860-5397-18-45-i50.svg?max-width=637&scale=1.18182)
G-E...
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- Published 14 Apr 2022
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Figure 1: The structure of the oxazolidine-2-one-containing drugs linezolid (1) and rivaroxaban (2).
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Figure 2: Overview of the chiral ligands that were used for the study of the asymmetric Henry reaction.
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Scheme 1: Syntheses of aldehydes 15–20.
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Scheme 2: Synthesis of linezolid (1) and rivaroxaban (2) from nitroaldols 24 or 26.
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- Published 22 Apr 2022
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Figure 1: Routes to isoxazoles.
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Figure 2: Possible products of the reaction between nitrile oxides and 1,3-diketones. Path D (C-trapping) pro...
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Figure 3: Reactions between various arylhydroximoyl chlorides and 1,3-diketones. The reactions were performed...
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Figure 4: Reactions between various phenyl hydroximoyl chlorides and β-ketoesters or β-ketoamides. The reacti...
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Figure 5: Reactions between 4-fluorophenyl hydroximoyl chloride (1a) and diethyl malonate (2j) or dibenzyl ma...
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Figure 6: Reactions between phenyl hydroximoyl chlorides 1a,c and 4,4,4-trifluoro-1-phenyl- (2l) and 4,4,4-tr...
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Figure 7: 1H NMR spectra of 1-phenyl-1,3-butanedione (2a) in methanol-d4 (top) and in CDCl3 (bottom).
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Figure 8: A plausible mechanism for the formation of the 3,4,5-trisubstituted isoxazoles 3 in the presence of...
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Figure 9: Structures of β-lactamase-resistant antibiotics oxacillin, cloxacillin, dicloxacillin, and flucloxa...
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- Published 25 Apr 2022
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Figure 1: Chemical structures of 1 and POZ-DBPHZ.
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Scheme 1: Synthesis of compound 1.
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Figure 2: Steady-state UV–vis absorption (Abs) and photoluminescence (PL) spectra of dilute solutions (c ≈ 10...
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Figure 3: Time-resolved PL decay profiles (intensity vs delay time) and spectra of 1 in a), b) Zeonex® and c,...
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Figure 4: The characteristics of the OLED devices: a) electroluminescence spectra; b) current density-bias ch...
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Figure 5: Schematics of the TADF mechanisms along with NTOs for the relevant electronic states for a) D–A com...
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- Published 27 Apr 2022
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Figure 1: Representative bioactive dispirooxindoles.
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Scheme 1: Reductive cyclization for the synthesis of dispirocyclopentanebisoxindole derivatives.
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Scheme 2: Substrate scope of product 3 (part 1). Reaction conditions: substrates: 1 (1 mmol) and 2 (0.5 mmol)...
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Scheme 3: Substrate scope of product 3 (part 2). Reaction conditions: substrates: 1 (1 mmol) and 2 (0.5 mmol)...
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Figure 2: ORTEP diagram of product 3g (CCDC NO. 2072521).
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Figure 3: NOESY Spectra of compound 3e.
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Scheme 4: Plausible mechanism of the reaction.
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Figure 4: HRMS spectrum of the crude reaction mixture after 1 hour of the reaction.
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Scheme 5: Control experiment.
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- Published 29 Apr 2022
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Figure 1: Structures of compounds 1–7 isolated from Trichoderma citrinoviride PSU-SPSF346.
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Figure 2: 1H-1H COSY, key HMBC, and NOEDIFF data of compounds 1 and 2.
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Figure 3: ECD spectra of compounds 1 and 3 in MeOH.
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Figure 4: Proposed biosynthetic pathway for compound 2.
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- Published 02 May 2022
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Figure 1: Design of PKS-inspired multifunctional amino-thiourea macrocycle catalysts.
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Scheme 1: Synthesis of tetraamino-bisthiourea chiral macrocycles M1–M12. The synthesis of M1, M5, M7, and M8 ...
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Scheme 2: Substrate scope of isatin imines. Reaction conditions: 6 (0.2 mmol), 7a (0.3 mmol), and 5 mol % M3 ...
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Scheme 3: Substrate scope of MAHTs. Reaction conditions: 6a (0.2 mmol), 7 (0.3 mmol), and 5 mol % M3 in 2 mL ...
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Figure 2: Proposed catalytic mechanism.
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Figure 1: 2-Modified 4,6-bis(3,6-di-tert-butyl-9H-carbazol-9-yl)-5-methylpyrimidines.
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Scheme 1: Synthesis of 4,6-bis(3,6-di-tert-butyl-9H-carbazol-9-yl)-5-methyl-2-substituted pyrimidines 1–6. Re...
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Figure 2: HOMO and LUMO spatial distributions of carbazole–pyrimidine TADF compounds.
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Figure 3: Absorption (grey lines), fluorescence (black lines) and 10K phosphorescence (red lines) spectra of ...
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Figure 4: Fluorescence decay transients of 1 wt % PMMA films of carbazole–pyrimidine TADF compounds in oxygen...
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- Published 06 May 2022
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Figure 1: Molecular structures of (R)-BINOL (left) and (S)-BINOL (right).
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Figure 2: Synthesis of Sauvage´s [2]catenanes (S,S)-5 and (S,S)-6 containing two BINOL units by the passive m...
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Figure 3: Synthesis of Saito´s [2]rotaxane (R)-10 from a BINOL-based macrocycle by the active metal template ...
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Figure 4: Synthesis of Stoddart´s [2]rotaxane (rac)-14 by an ammonium crown ether template.
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Figure 5: Synthesis of Stoddart´s BINOL-containing [2]catenanes 18/20/22/24 by π–π recognition.
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Figure 6: Synthesis of Takata´s rotaxanes featuring chiral centers on the axle: a) rotaxane (R,R,R/S)-27 obta...
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Figure 7: Takata´s chiral polyacetylenes 32/33 featuring BINOL-based [2]rotaxane side chains.
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Figure 8: Synthesis of Takata´s chiral thiazolium [2]rotaxanes (R)-35a/b and (R)-38.
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Figure 9: Results for the asymmetric benzoin condensation of benzaldehyde (39) with catalysts (R)-35a/b and (R...
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Figure 10: Synthesis of Takata´s pyridine-based [2]rotaxane (R)-42.
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Figure 11: The asymmetric desymmetrization reaction of meso-1,2-diols with rotaxane (R)-42.
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Figure 12: Synthesis of Niemeyer´s axially chiral [2]catenane (S,S)-47.
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Figure 13: Results for the enantioselective transfer hydrogenation of 2-phenylquinoline with catalysts (S,S)-47...
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Figure 14: Synthesis of Niemeyer´s chiral [2]rotaxanes (S)-56/57.
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Figure 15: Results for the enantioselective Michael addition with different rotaxane catalysts (S)-56a/56b/57a/...
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Figure 16: Synthesis of Beer´s [2]rotaxanes 64a/b for anion recognition.
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Figure 17: Association constants of different anions (used as the Bu4N+ salts) to the [2]rotaxanes (S)-64a/b a...
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Figure 18: Synthesis of Beer´s [3]rotaxane (S)-68.
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Figure 19: Association constants of different anions (used as the Bu4N+-salts) to the [2]rotaxane (S)-68 and a...
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Figure 1: The structures of chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, and amodiaquine.
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Scheme 1: Synthesis of 3-azolylpyrazoles 3a–c.
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Scheme 2: Assumed mechanism for the formation of 1H-pyrazoles 3a–c.
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Scheme 3: Synthesis of 3-aminopyrazoles 5b–k and 5-aminopyrazoles 5a and 5l–o.
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Scheme 4: Orientation of nucleophilic attack of 7-chloro-4-hydrazinylquinoline on nitrobutadienes 4.
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Scheme 5: Synthesis of oxazolidine 6 and pyrazole 7.
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Scheme 6: A plausible mechanism for the formation of pyrazole 7.
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Scheme 7: Synthesis of pyrazoles 9 and sulfoxide 10d.
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Scheme 8: Synthesis of pyrazole 11.
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Figure 1: Previously reported transformations of DAS (1) and their unusual dimerization investigated in this ...
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Scheme 1: The result of Rh(II)-catalyzed decomposition of DAS 1r.
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Scheme 2: Plausible mechanism for the formation of dimer 2a and indene 3a through the Rh(II)-catalyzed decomp...
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Figure 2: Cytotoxicity of N-alkyl-substituted dibenzoazulenodipyrroles 2 against the A549 human lung adenocar...
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Scheme 1: (a) Synthesis route to TBTQ-CB6. Conditions: (i) ethyl azidoacetate, CuSO4, sodium ascorbate, THF/H2...
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Figure 1: (a) 1H NMR spectra (400 MHz, D2O, 25 °C) of (1) MV, (2) TBTQ-CB6 and MV, (3) TBTQ-CB6 with [TBTQ-CB6...
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Figure 2: (a) 1H NMR spectra (400 MHz, D2O, 25 °C) of (1) DOX, (2) TBTQ-CB6 and DOX, (3) TBTQ-CB6 with [TBTQ-...
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Figure 3: (a) 1H NMR spectra (400 MHz, D2O, 25 °C) and (b) partial magnified 1H NMR spectra of (1) SM, (2) TB...
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Figure 4: (a) Fluorescence spectra of the mixture of TBTQ-CB6 and SM in different molar ratios at a constant ...
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Figure 5: 1H NMR spectra (400 MHz, D2O, 25 °C) of (1) MV (3 mM), (2) TBTQ-CB6 and MV (3 mM each), (3–9) TBTQ-...
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Figure 6: 1H NMR spectra (400 MHz, D2O, 25 °C) of (1) DOX (3 mM), (2) TBTQ-CB6 and DOX (3 mM each), (3–9) TBT...
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Figure 1: Structures of naturally occurring karrikins.
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Scheme 1: i) P4S10, THF; ii) 2-chloropropionyl chloride, Et3N; iii) Ph3P, NaOAc, Ac2O.
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Figure 2: Target compounds with highlighted positions of oxygen to sulfur exchange.
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Scheme 2: i) Lawesson’s reagent, HMDO, toluene, MW irradiation, 120 °C, 60 min.
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Scheme 3: i) P4S10 or Lawesson’s reagent, see table for conditions; ii) 2-chloropropionyl chloride, Et3N, DCM...
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Scheme 4: i) LiHMDS, MeI, THF, −78 °C.
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Scheme 5: i) a) NaOH, MeOH/H2O, rt, Amberlyst 15 [H+], b) AcOH 70% aq, reflux, 2 h; ii) a) EtOCOCl, pyridine,...
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Scheme 6: i) Lawesson’s reagent, HMDO, toluene, MW irradiation (120 °C), 60 min.
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Figure 1: Chemical structures of compounds 1–9.
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Figure 2: Structure elucidation of 1. (A) Key COSY, HMBC, and NOE correlations of 1. (B) Comparison of calcul...
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Figure 3: Structure elucidation of 2. (A) Key COSY, HMBC, and NOE correlations of 2. (B) DP4+ analysis result...
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Figure 4: Structure elucidation of 3. (A) Key COSY, HMBC, and NOE correlations of 3. (B) Comparison of calcul...
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Figure 5: 2D NMR data of 4 and 5. (A) Key COSY and HMBC correlations of 4 and 5. (B) Key NOE correlations of 4...
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Figure 1: Reaction sequence starting from GlcNAc with ManNAc as an intermediate. Pyr is added in the second s...
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Figure 2: Enzyme loading after immobilization of the epimerase and aldolase on different carriers.
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Figure 3: Evaluation of immobilized epimerase on different carriers with respect to specific activity. Reacti...
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Figure 4: Evaluation of immobilized aldolase on different carriers with respect to specific activity. Reactio...
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Figure 5: Relative activities in repetitive batch experiments of the immobilized epimerase on polymethacrylat...
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Figure 6: Relative activities in repetitive batch experiments of the immobilized aldolase on amino methacryla...
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Figure 7: Recycling study of immobilized epimerase and aldolase. Assay conditions: 100 mM Tris, pH 8, 40 °C, ...
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Figure 8: Measured reaction rates of the immobilized epimerase. The dashed line is the fit according to the M...
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Figure 9: Measured reaction rate of the immobilized epimerase as a function of pyruvate and pressure. Dashed ...
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Figure 10: Measured reaction rate (left) and the determined inhibition constant by pyruvate (right) at differe...
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Figure 11: Measured kinetics of the aldolase when varying the pyruvate and ManNAc concentration (given in mM) ...
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Figure 12: Circular reactor, vessel mixing was achieved with a magnetic stirrer and samples were taken directl...
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Figure 13: Aldolase: Change of the equilibrium constant at different pressures. Starting concentrations were v...
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Figure 14: Progress curve of the circular reactor with both reactions at varying pressures. Starting condition...
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Figure 15: Residence time distributions of the stand-alone system and the reactor integrated into the system. ...
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Figure 16: Reactor set-up (left to right): UHPLC pump, heated fixed-bed reactor, capillaries (ID: 25 µm or 50 ...
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Scheme 1: Syntheses of pyrido[1,2-a]pyrrolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine 3a and N-methyl-4-((5-bromopyridin-2-yl)amino)-s...
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Figure 1: Presumed reaction mechanism to produce 3a.
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Figure 2: Fluorescence spectral profiles of (a) 4a (10−5 M, Exmax = 413 nm) and (b) 4e (10−5 M, Exmax = 415 n...
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Figure 3: Fluorescence spectral changes of (a) 4a (10−5 M, Exmax = 413 nm) and (b) 4e (10−5 M, Exmax = 415 nm...
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Figure 4: Protonation of N-methyl-4-((pyridin-2-yl)amino)-substituted maleimides 4 by 0.1 M HCl.
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Figure 5: Frontier molecular orbitals and HOMO–LUMO energy gaps of compounds 3a, 4a, and 4e for ground-state ...
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Scheme 1: Photochemical transformations of 3-hydroxypyran-4-one derivatives.
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Scheme 2: Synthesis and study of the photochemical behavior of compound 16.
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Scheme 3: Photoreaction of compound 12a.
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Figure 1: 1H NMR monitoring of the photoreaction of compound 12a under UV irradiation (365 nm) in DMSO-d6 sol...
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Scheme 4: Proposed mechanism for the photoreaction of compound 11a.
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Scheme 5: Synthesis of compounds 15a–l. Reaction conditions: 1) 12a–l (0.5 mmol), AcOH (25 mL), UV irradiatio...
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Figure 2: The X-ray crystal structure of compound 15a.
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Scheme 6: Synthesis of compounds 15m–o. Reaction conditions: 1) 12m–o (0.5 mmol), AcOH (25 mL), UV irradiatio...
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Figure 3: The X-ray crystal structure of compound 15m.
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Scheme 7: Synthesis of compound 18.
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Figure 4: The X-ray crystal structure of compound 18.
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Figure 1: Butterfly 1 (Figure was reprinted with permission from [45]. Copyright 2012 American Chemical Society. ...
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Figure 2: Synthesis of the three-component heteroleptic molecular boat 8 and its use as a catalyst for the Kn...
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Figure 3: Synthesis of the two-component triangle 14 and three-component heteroleptic prism 15 [59]. Figure was a...
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Figure 4: Catalytic Michael addition reaction using the urea-decorated molecular prism 15 [59].
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Figure 5: Self-assembly of two-component tetragonal prismatic architectures with different cavity size. Figur...
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Figure 6: Construction of artificial LHS using rhodamine B as an acceptor and 24b as donor generating a photo...
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Figure 7: Synthesis of supramolecular spheres with varying [AuCl] concentration inside the cavity. Figure was...
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Figure 8: Hydroalkoxylation reaction of γ-allenol 34 in the presence of [AuCl]-encapsulated molecular spheres ...
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Figure 9: Two-component heteroleptic triangles of different size containing a BINOL functionality. Figure was...
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Figure 10: Asymmetric conjugate addition of chalcone 42 with trans-styrylboronic acid (43) catalyzed by BINOL-...
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Figure 11: Encapsulation of monophosphoramidite-Rh(I) catalyst into a heteroleptic tetragonal prismatic cage 47...
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Figure 12: (a) Representations of the basic HETPYP, HETPHEN, and HETTAP complex motifs. (b) The three-componen...
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Figure 13: Two representative four-component rotors, with a (top) two-arm stator and (bottom) a four-arm stato...
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Figure 14: Four-component rotors with a monohead rotator. Figure was adapted with permission from [94]. Copyright ...
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Figure 15: (left) Click reaction catalyzed by rotors [Cu2(55)(60)(X)]2+. (right) Yield as a function of the ro...
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Figure 16: A supramolecular AND gate. a) In truth table state (0,0) two nanoswitches serve as the receptor ens...
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Figure 17: Two supramolecular double rotors (each has two rotational axes) and reference complex [Cu(78)]+ for...
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Figure 18: The slider-on-deck system (82•X) (X = 83, 84, or 85). Figure is from [98] and was reprinted from the jo...
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Figure 19: Catalysis of a conjugated addition reaction in the presence of the slider-on-deck system (82•X) (X ...
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Figure 20: A rotating catalyst builds a catalytic machinery. For catalysis of the catalytic machinery, see Figure 21. F...
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Figure 21: Catalytic machinery. Figure was adapted from [100] (“Evolution of catalytic machinery: three-component n...
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Figure 22: An information system based on (re)shuffling components between supramolecular structures [99]. Figure ...
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Figure 23: Switching between dimeric heteroleptic and homoleptic complex for OFF/ON catalytic formation of rot...
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Figure 24: A chemically fueled catalytic system [112]. Figure was adapted from [112]. Copyright 2021 American Chemical S...
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Figure 25: (Top) Operation of a fuel acid. (Bottom) Knoevenagel addition [112].
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Figure 26: Development of the yield of Knoevenagel product 118 in a fueled system [112]. Figure was reprinted with ...
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Figure 27: Weak-link strategy to increased catalytic activity in epoxide opening [119]. Figure was adapted from [24]. C...
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Figure 28: A ON/OFF polymerization switch based on the weak-link approach [118]. Figure was reprinted with permissi...
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Figure 29: A weak-link switch turning ON/OFF a Diels–Alder reaction [132]. Figure was reprinted with permission fro...
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Figure 30: A catalyst duo allowing selective activation of one of two catalytic acylation reactions [133] upon subs...
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Figure 31: A four-state switchable nanoswitch (redrawn from [134]).
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Figure 32: Sequential catalysis as regulated by nanoswitch 138 and catalyst 139 in the presence of metal ions ...
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Figure 33: Remote control of ON/OFF catalysis administrated by two nanoswitches through ion signaling (redrawn...
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